【摘要】：近年來隨著環(huán)境標準要求的提高,污泥傳統(tǒng)處理方法的弊端逐漸顯露。因此,污泥“資源化”技術的研究已經(jīng)成為解決目前污泥處置問題的有效途徑。污泥主要由分布于胞內(nèi)和胞外的蛋白質(zhì)和多糖等有機物組成,傳統(tǒng)發(fā)酵法制備的生物絮凝劑中起絮凝活性的物質(zhì)主要為菌體發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)過程中分泌到胞外的多糖和蛋白質(zhì)。本文將污泥作為制備生物絮凝劑的原材料,實現(xiàn)了污泥的資源化利用,也為生物絮凝劑的制備方法提供了新的途徑。本文在研究不同污泥水解技術的基礎上,通過比較不同方法制備絮凝劑的絮凝活性,確定了絮凝劑的制備方法。進一步考察所制備絮凝劑的應用,探討絮凝劑的作用機理。論文取得了以下的研究成果：(1)對采用超聲破碎提取,超聲和稀鹽酸耦合技術破碎提取,僅用稀鹽酸破碎提取制備的污泥絮凝劑的性能進行了比較研究。結果表明,在pH為3.0-9.0時,三種方法制備的絮凝劑對高嶺土懸浮液的絮凝效率分別為30.0%、95.0%、98.0%。并考察了提取劑稀鹽酸的用量對絮凝劑制備沒有明顯影響。(2)采用調(diào)節(jié)pH值和加入95%乙醇對上述粗絮凝劑(SBF)進行了提純干燥,將粗絮凝劑分級為三部分純化絮凝劑SBF-1～SBF-3。研究了提純的污泥絮凝劑(SBF-1、SBF-2、SBF-3)對淀粉廢水和剛果紅染料廢水的絮凝效果。結果表明,SBF-1、SBF-2在體系pH為6.0-10.0時,對淀粉廢水有較好的絮凝效果,其中SBF-2對淀粉廢水的絮凝率可達到98.5%以上。污泥絮凝劑對以淀粉為代表的水中溶脹性顆粒有較好絮凝效率當體系pH為9.0時,SBF-1、SBF-2、SBF-3對剛果紅廢水的最大脫色率分別為97.4%、90.5%、82.7%,COD去除率可以達到100%。帶正電荷的污泥絮凝劑對酸性染料廢水有很好的絮凝效果。將SBF對亞甲基藍廢水處理,處理結果表明,在酸性、中性、堿性條件下,脫色率在10.0%以下,甚至出現(xiàn)負值。帶正電荷的SBF對堿性染料亞甲基藍沒有脫色絮凝的效果。(3)污泥絮凝劑對有機廢水絮凝效果的研究。在絮凝體系pH=4.0-8.0,12.0mL SBF對模擬含油廢水取得了較好的絮凝效果,絮凝率和CO D去除率最高達到93.0%。在pH=4.0,SBF的投加量為4.0mL/120.0mL時,SBF對對硝基苯酚廢水的最大絮凝率為41.6%。因此,污泥絮凝劑對水體中分散的油類物質(zhì)有很好的分離效果。但是對于水溶性很強的有機廢水,去除效果不明顯。(4)污泥絮凝劑對處理重金屬廢水絮凝效果的研究。在pH=0.5,SBF投加量為6.OmL/100.0mL,助凝劑CaCl2投加量為1.5mL/100n L時,絮凝率最大達到30.6%。污泥絮凝劑對重鉻酸鉀廢水幾乎沒有絮凝效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the improvement of environmental standards, the drawbacks of traditional sludge treatment methods have been gradually revealed. Therefore, the study of sludge reuse technology has become an effective way to solve the sludge disposal problem. Sludge is mainly composed of proteins and polysaccharides which are distributed in the cell and extracellular. The flocculating activity of bioflocculants prepared by traditional fermentation method is mainly polysaccharides and proteins secreted into cells during cell fermentation. In this paper, sludge is used as the raw material for the preparation of bioflocculants, which realizes the utilization of sludge and provides a new way for the preparation of bioflocculants. Based on the study of different sludge hydrolysis techniques, the flocculation activity of flocculant prepared by different methods was compared, and the preparation method of flocculant was determined. The application of flocculant was investigated and the mechanism of flocculant was discussed. The main results are as follows: (1) the performance of sludge flocculant prepared by ultrasonic crushing extraction, ultrasonic and dilute hydrochloric acid coupling technology, and only dilute hydrochloric acid crushing extraction was compared. The results showed that the flocculation efficiency of the three flocculants on kaolin suspensions was 30.010 and 98.0 at pH 3.0-9.0, respectively. The amount of extractant dilute hydrochloric acid had no obvious influence on the preparation of flocculant. (2) the crude flocculant (SBF) was purified and dried by adjusting pH value and adding 95% ethanol. The crude flocculant was classified into three parts to purify SBF-1 and SBF-3. The flocculating effect of purified sludge flocculant (SBF-1, SBF-2, SBF-3) on starch wastewater and Congo red dye wastewater was studied. The results showed that SBF-1 and SBF-2 had better flocculation effect on starch wastewater when pH was 6.0-10.0, and the flocculation rate of SBF-2 on starch wastewater was over 98.5%. Sludge flocculant has a better flocculation efficiency for swelling granules in water represented by starch. When pH is 9.0, the maximum decolorization rate of SBF-1 / SBF-2SBF-3 for Congo red wastewater is 97.4%, 90.5% and 82.7% respectively. The removal rate of COD can reach 100%. Sludge flocculant with positive charge has good flocculation effect on acid dye wastewater. Methylene blue wastewater was treated with SBF. The results showed that the decolorization rate was below 10.0% and even negative under acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions. SBF with positive charge did not decolorize and flocculate the alkaline dye methylene blue. (3) the flocculation effect of sludge flocculant on organic wastewater. A good flocculation effect on simulated oily wastewater was obtained at pH 4.0 ~ 8.0 ~ 12.0 mL SBF. The highest flocculation rate and removal rate of CO D reached 93.0%. The maximum flocculation rate of p-nitrophenol wastewater was 41.6 when the dosage of 4.0mL/120.0mL was 4.0mL/120.0mL. Therefore, sludge flocculant has a good separation effect on dispersed oil in water. However, the removal efficiency is not obvious for organic wastewater with strong water solubility. (4) the flocculation effect of sludge flocculant on treatment of heavy metal wastewater. The maximum flocculation rate was 30.6 when the dosage of pH = 0.5 CaCl2 was 6.OmL / 100.0mL and the dosage of coagulant CaCl2 was 1.5mL/100n L. Sludge flocculant has little flocculation effect on potassium dichromate wastewater.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703.5

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本文編號：2178374