太湖水環(huán)境特征及沉積物有機(jī)質(zhì)來源識別
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-11 12:20
【摘要】：太湖處于長江三角洲地區(qū),是我國區(qū)域人口密度最高、經(jīng)濟(jì)最發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)之一,快速發(fā)展的工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和城市化進(jìn)程加劇,使太湖水環(huán)境污染日趨嚴(yán)重,現(xiàn)已最富營養(yǎng)化嚴(yán)重的湖泊之一。與深水湖泊相比,淺水湖泊單位體積的水體擁有更大面積的水-沉積物界面,而沉積物鮮明的“源-匯”特征,使其不僅可以接納儲存污染物,也可導(dǎo)致水體二次污染。太湖是典型的淺水湖泊,沉積物中蓄積了大量的營養(yǎng)鹽和有機(jī)質(zhì),當(dāng)沉積物受到風(fēng)浪擾動和生物活動干擾時,營養(yǎng)鹽和有機(jī)質(zhì)會再次進(jìn)入水體,形成湖泊內(nèi)源污染負(fù)荷,加劇湖泊富營養(yǎng)化程度,提高藍(lán)藻水華爆發(fā)的可能性。因此研究水體中有機(jī)質(zhì)來源對評估水環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況,研究湖體營養(yǎng)質(zhì)量變化具有重要實(shí)踐意義,也為太湖及淺水型湖泊治理提供理論依據(jù)。本文將太湖劃分為北部湖區(qū)(竺山灣、梅粱灣、貢湖)；西部湖區(qū)(西部沿岸帶)；南部湖區(qū)(南部沿岸帶)；東部湖區(qū)(東太湖、胥湖)；湖心湖區(qū)共五個湖區(qū),對五個湖區(qū)進(jìn)行水樣采樣和表層沉積物采集,開展太湖水環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查,并對太湖表層沉積物的有機(jī)質(zhì)來源進(jìn)行了判斷�；谒畼拥目偟�(TN)、總磷(TP)、總有機(jī)碳(TOC)、溶解氧(DO)、透明度(SD)、酸堿度(pH)等指標(biāo),使用單因子評價法和綜合污染指數(shù)法進(jìn)行水質(zhì)評價。評價結(jié)果顯示,太湖整體水質(zhì)達(dá)到地表Ⅳ類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),呈中度污染狀態(tài),主要污染因子為TN和TP；重點(diǎn)污染區(qū)域有竺山灣、梅梁湖和西部湖岸ANOVA分析顯示,北部湖區(qū)TN顯著高于湖心湖區(qū)(P0.05),TP顯著高于東部湖區(qū)(P0.05),TOC顯著高于東部、南部湖區(qū)(P0.05)；東部湖區(qū)TOC顯著低于北部湖區(qū)和西部湖區(qū)(P0.05)；西部湖區(qū)TP顯著高于南部湖區(qū)和東部湖區(qū)(P0.05), TOC顯著高于南部湖區(qū)(P0.05)；五個湖區(qū)DO差別不顯著。結(jié)果表明,北部和西部湖區(qū)受到入湖河流影響,營養(yǎng)負(fù)荷高,同時受到風(fēng)浪和水動力影響,污染物易聚集；東部和南部湖區(qū)高等水生植物繁茂,具備良好的水質(zhì)自凈功能,水環(huán)境狀況良好�；谌植嫉某练e物穩(wěn)定碳同位素(δ13C)、穩(wěn)定氮同位素(δ15N)、總有機(jī)碳(TOC)、總氮(TN)含量,探討五個湖區(qū)各元素空間分布和湖區(qū)差異。其中東部湖區(qū)δ13C與δ15N值顯著低于其他湖區(qū)(P0.05)；C/N比全湖各湖區(qū)沒有顯著差異(P0.05)；太湖TOC與TN正相關(guān)。結(jié)果表明,由于東部湖區(qū)水生維管植物群落比其他湖區(qū)分布更廣泛,其沉積物δ13C偏重,δ15N偏輕；北部湖區(qū)受到藻類爆發(fā)影響,沉積物δ13C偏輕；沉積物C/N符合藻類和浮游植物特征,顯示五個湖區(qū)有機(jī)質(zhì)來源主要為藻類和浮游植物。此外,我們采用13C和C/N比的二元分析方法,定性判斷沉積物有機(jī)質(zhì)來源,并使用同位素端元模型計算貢獻(xiàn)率(f)。結(jié)果顯示沉積物有機(jī)質(zhì)主要來源為湖體淡水藻類和水生植物,陸源來源不明顯。淡水藻類對湖泊有機(jī)質(zhì)貢獻(xiàn)率為65%；其中竺山灣沉積物有機(jī)質(zhì)藻類貢獻(xiàn)率(fa)為100%,北部湖區(qū)和西部湖區(qū)fa分別為72.1%和72.7%,東部湖區(qū)fa和水生植物沉積物有機(jī)質(zhì)貢獻(xiàn)率(fv)相當(dāng),東太湖近岸水生植被茂密的湖蕩內(nèi),fv高達(dá)93.1%。水環(huán)境特征和有機(jī)質(zhì)來源識別表明,各湖區(qū)水環(huán)境特征差異明顯,水環(huán)境質(zhì)量受到入湖河流影響；湖區(qū)沉積物碳氮元素空間分布特征與湖區(qū)植被分布特點(diǎn)相一致；湖泊沉積物有機(jī)質(zhì)主要來源為內(nèi)源,淡水藻類對沉積物有機(jī)質(zhì)的貢獻(xiàn)率為65%。
[Abstract]:Located in the Yangtze River Delta, Lake Taihu is one of the most densely populated and economically developed areas in China. The rapid development of industry, agriculture and urbanization has aggravated the pollution of water environment in Lake Taihu, which has become one of the most eutrophic lakes. Compared with deep-water lakes, shallow-water lakes have a larger unit volume of water. Lake Taihu is a typical shallow lake with a large amount of nutrients and organic matter in the sediments. When the sediments are disturbed by wind and waves and biological activities, nutrients and organic matter are accumulated. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the source of organic matter in the water body for assessing the water environment quality and studying the changes of nutrient quality in the lake, and to provide theoretical basis for the control of Taihu Lake and shallow lakes. According to this paper, Taihu Lake is divided into five Lake areas: North Lake area (Zhushan Bay, Meiliang Bay, Gonghu); West Lake area (west coastal zone); South Lake area (south coastal zone); East Lake area (east Taihu Lake, Xuhu Lake); Lake Center Lake area, five Lake areas are sampled and surface sediments are collected to investigate the water environment of Taihu Lake. Based on the indexes of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved oxygen (DO), transparency (SD), acidity and alkalinity (pH), the water quality of Taihu Lake was evaluated by single factor method and comprehensive pollution index method. The main pollution factors were TN and TP, and the major pollution areas were Zhushan Bay, Meiliang Lake and Western lakeshore ANOVA analysis showed that TN in the Northern Lake area was significantly higher than that in the Central Lake area (P 0.05), TP was significantly higher than that in the eastern Lake area (P 0.05), TOC was significantly higher in the southern Lake area (P 0.05), and TOC in the eastern Lake area was significantly lower than that in the Northern Lake area and the Western Lake area (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in DO between the five Lake areas. The results showed that the northern and Western Lake areas were affected by the inflow river, the nutrient load was high, and the pollutants were easily accumulated under the influence of wind wave and hydrodynamic force. Based on the distribution of stable carbon isotope (delta 13C), stable nitrogen isotope (delta 15N), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) in the sediments of the whole lake, the spatial distribution of elements in the five Lake areas and the differences between the lake areas were discussed. The values of delta 13C and delta 15N in the eastern Lake area were significantly lower than those in other lakes. The results showed that the distribution of aquatic vascular plant communities in the eastern Lake area was wider than that in other lake areas, the sediments of the eastern Lake area were heavier and the sediments of the Northern Lake area were slightly affected by algae outbreaks, while the sediments of the Northern Lake area were slightly affected by algae outbreaks and the sediments of the sediments were slightly affected by algae outbreaks. The characteristics of phytoplankton indicate that the main sources of organic matter in the five lakes are algae and phytoplankton. In addition, the source of organic matter in the sediments is qualitatively determined by using the binary analysis method of 13C and C/N ratios, and the contribution rate (f) is calculated by using the isotope end-element model. Freshwater algae contributed 65% of the organic matter in the lake, including 100% in the sediments of Zhushan Bay, 72.1% in the Northern Lake and 72.7% in the western lake, the same in the eastern Lake as in the sediments of aquatic plants (fv). FV is up to 93.1%. identification of water environment characteristics and organic matter sources shows that there are obvious differences among the lake areas, and the quality of water environment is affected by the river entering the lake; the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon and nitrogen elements in the lake sediments are consistent with the distribution characteristics of vegetation in the lake area; the main source of organic matter in the lake sediments is endogenous, and the fresh water algae is organic to the sediments. The contribution rate of quality is 65%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X524
本文編號：2176976
[Abstract]:Located in the Yangtze River Delta, Lake Taihu is one of the most densely populated and economically developed areas in China. The rapid development of industry, agriculture and urbanization has aggravated the pollution of water environment in Lake Taihu, which has become one of the most eutrophic lakes. Compared with deep-water lakes, shallow-water lakes have a larger unit volume of water. Lake Taihu is a typical shallow lake with a large amount of nutrients and organic matter in the sediments. When the sediments are disturbed by wind and waves and biological activities, nutrients and organic matter are accumulated. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the source of organic matter in the water body for assessing the water environment quality and studying the changes of nutrient quality in the lake, and to provide theoretical basis for the control of Taihu Lake and shallow lakes. According to this paper, Taihu Lake is divided into five Lake areas: North Lake area (Zhushan Bay, Meiliang Bay, Gonghu); West Lake area (west coastal zone); South Lake area (south coastal zone); East Lake area (east Taihu Lake, Xuhu Lake); Lake Center Lake area, five Lake areas are sampled and surface sediments are collected to investigate the water environment of Taihu Lake. Based on the indexes of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved oxygen (DO), transparency (SD), acidity and alkalinity (pH), the water quality of Taihu Lake was evaluated by single factor method and comprehensive pollution index method. The main pollution factors were TN and TP, and the major pollution areas were Zhushan Bay, Meiliang Lake and Western lakeshore ANOVA analysis showed that TN in the Northern Lake area was significantly higher than that in the Central Lake area (P 0.05), TP was significantly higher than that in the eastern Lake area (P 0.05), TOC was significantly higher in the southern Lake area (P 0.05), and TOC in the eastern Lake area was significantly lower than that in the Northern Lake area and the Western Lake area (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in DO between the five Lake areas. The results showed that the northern and Western Lake areas were affected by the inflow river, the nutrient load was high, and the pollutants were easily accumulated under the influence of wind wave and hydrodynamic force. Based on the distribution of stable carbon isotope (delta 13C), stable nitrogen isotope (delta 15N), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) in the sediments of the whole lake, the spatial distribution of elements in the five Lake areas and the differences between the lake areas were discussed. The values of delta 13C and delta 15N in the eastern Lake area were significantly lower than those in other lakes. The results showed that the distribution of aquatic vascular plant communities in the eastern Lake area was wider than that in other lake areas, the sediments of the eastern Lake area were heavier and the sediments of the Northern Lake area were slightly affected by algae outbreaks, while the sediments of the Northern Lake area were slightly affected by algae outbreaks and the sediments of the sediments were slightly affected by algae outbreaks. The characteristics of phytoplankton indicate that the main sources of organic matter in the five lakes are algae and phytoplankton. In addition, the source of organic matter in the sediments is qualitatively determined by using the binary analysis method of 13C and C/N ratios, and the contribution rate (f) is calculated by using the isotope end-element model. Freshwater algae contributed 65% of the organic matter in the lake, including 100% in the sediments of Zhushan Bay, 72.1% in the Northern Lake and 72.7% in the western lake, the same in the eastern Lake as in the sediments of aquatic plants (fv). FV is up to 93.1%. identification of water environment characteristics and organic matter sources shows that there are obvious differences among the lake areas, and the quality of water environment is affected by the river entering the lake; the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon and nitrogen elements in the lake sediments are consistent with the distribution characteristics of vegetation in the lake area; the main source of organic matter in the lake sediments is endogenous, and the fresh water algae is organic to the sediments. The contribution rate of quality is 65%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X524
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