【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展,環(huán)境問題變得越來越嚴(yán)重。為了避免工業(yè)生產(chǎn)加劇環(huán)境污染程度,我國于2003年9月頒布實施了《中國環(huán)境影響評價法》,規(guī)定新建或者改擴建項目施工前期必須進行環(huán)境影響評價。該法律對建設(shè)項目可能造成的環(huán)境污染起到了源頭控制的作用。2011年6月份,環(huán)境保護部頒布了《環(huán)境影響評價技術(shù)導(dǎo)則—地下水環(huán)境》(HJ 610-2011),對建設(shè)項目環(huán)境影響評價中的地下水環(huán)評工作起到了指導(dǎo)與規(guī)范作用。針對《環(huán)境影響評價技術(shù)導(dǎo)則地下水環(huán)境》在實施過程中,地下水環(huán)境影響預(yù)測模型選擇與應(yīng)用存在不一致性、非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、預(yù)測結(jié)果難于驗證等問題,急需研發(fā)適于我國地下水環(huán)境影響預(yù)測評價的指標(biāo)和模型,研發(fā)地下水環(huán)境影響預(yù)測評價法規(guī)模型平臺,為地下水環(huán)境影響預(yù)測評價與管理法規(guī)化提供科學(xué)技術(shù)支撐。導(dǎo)則中明確要求二級評價采用解析法或數(shù)值法。對于數(shù)值法,雖然目前已有比較成熟的可視化軟件,例如GMS,Visual Modflow和Feflow等,但是它們都屬于商業(yè)軟件,軟件價格比較高。另外,數(shù)值模型的建立基于大量的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)支持,整個模擬過程需經(jīng)歷模型建立、模型識別、模型驗證三個階段,周期較長且容易出現(xiàn)錯誤,對于非地下水?dāng)?shù)值模擬出身的環(huán)境影響評價人員來說,應(yīng)用數(shù)值法進行地下水二級評價更是困難。為克服數(shù)值法在二級評價應(yīng)用上的局限性,本論文以Excel為開發(fā)平臺,主要研究不同邊界條件下,污染物從包氣帶到含水層以及沿含水層運動的整個過程中濃度的變化,并應(yīng)用Excel VBA編程實現(xiàn)相應(yīng)的溶質(zhì)運移解析模型的可視化操作界面。旨在服務(wù)《環(huán)境影響評價技術(shù)導(dǎo)則地下水環(huán)境》實施,為水文地質(zhì)條件單一,地下水流穩(wěn)定區(qū)域的地下水環(huán)境影響評價提供一種簡單有效的方法,同時為法規(guī)模型在地下水飲用水源保護、地下水污染防治規(guī)劃等領(lǐng)域中提供支持。解析解還可以用于驗證數(shù)值解的可靠性。在復(fù)雜的水文地質(zhì)系統(tǒng),解析解也非常有用,它可以估算溶質(zhì)的擴散速度,對于數(shù)據(jù)的收集和水質(zhì)監(jiān)測具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy, environmental problems become more and more serious. In order to avoid the environmental pollution caused by industrial production, the Environmental impact Assessment Law of China was promulgated and implemented in September 2003, which stipulates that environmental impact assessment must be carried out before the construction of new or expanded projects. The law acts as a source of control over possible environmental pollution from construction projects. In June 2011, The Ministry of Environmental Protection has promulgated the Technical guideline of Environmental impact Assessment-groundwater Environment (HJ610-2011), which plays a guiding and normative role in environmental impact assessment of construction projects. In view of the problems such as inconsistency between selection and application of groundwater environmental impact prediction model, non-standardization and difficulty in verification of prediction results, etc., during the implementation of "Technical guidelines for Environmental impact Assessment", groundwater environment is difficult to verify. There is an urgent need to develop indicators and models suitable for groundwater environmental impact prediction and assessment in China, and to develop a scale platform for groundwater environmental impact prediction assessment to provide scientific and technological support for groundwater environmental impact prediction assessment and regulatory management. The guidelines explicitly require two-level evaluation to be analytical or numerical. For numerical method, although there are some mature visualization software, such as GMS Visual Modflow and Feflow, they belong to commercial software and the price of software is relatively high. In addition, the establishment of numerical model is based on a large number of basic data support, the whole simulation process needs to go through three stages: model establishment, model recognition, model verification, the period is longer and error is easy to occur. For non-groundwater numerical simulation, it is more difficult to apply numerical method to secondary groundwater assessment. In order to overcome the limitation of numerical method in the application of secondary evaluation, this paper takes Excel as the development platform to study the concentration change of pollutants from aeration to aquifer and the whole process of moving along the aquifer under different boundary conditions. The visual operation interface of solute transport analytical model is realized by Excel VBA programming. The purpose of this paper is to provide a simple and effective method for groundwater environmental impact assessment in areas with single hydrogeological conditions and stable groundwater flow, in order to serve the implementation of the Technical guidelines for Environmental impact Assessment (EIA). At the same time, it provides support for the regulation model in the fields of groundwater drinking water source protection, groundwater pollution prevention planning and so on. The analytical solution can also be used to verify the reliability of the numerical solution. In complex hydrogeological systems, analytical solutions are also very useful, which can estimate the diffusion velocity of solutes and play an important role in data collection and water quality monitoring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X523;X824

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本文編號：2173807