【摘要】：隨著呼和浩特市地區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和城市化進程的加快,工農(nóng)業(yè)、生活用水量和廢污水排放量不斷增加,部分流域水體污染問題突出,水環(huán)境保護壓力沉重,水質(zhì)型缺水問題日益凸顯,種種問題已成為嚴重制約社會經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展和影響人民身體健康的重要因素。科學的估算水環(huán)境容量不僅可為區(qū)域項目環(huán)評和環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)提供參考數(shù)據(jù),為地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化布局提供環(huán)境支持,還可以為流域上下游間實施污染物排放總量控制、排污許可證制度和排污權(quán)交易等現(xiàn)代環(huán)境管理制度提供重要的科學依據(jù)。本文結(jié)合呼和浩特市境內(nèi)近年來水體水質(zhì)監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)及2010年污染源普查動態(tài)更新數(shù)據(jù),分析主要水污染物排放現(xiàn)狀和總量控制現(xiàn)狀；評估區(qū)域水環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀和水環(huán)境功能區(qū)達標情況；結(jié)合水功能區(qū)水文水資源情況,獲得工業(yè)、生活點源和農(nóng)業(yè)、畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)面源污染源分布及對應(yīng)到水環(huán)境功能區(qū)的排污量,依據(jù)水功能區(qū)水質(zhì)目標和計算水文條件下水功能區(qū)設(shè)計流量(流速)及功能區(qū)長度等特征資料,以行政區(qū)邊界為依據(jù),劃分計算單元不跨越行政區(qū),應(yīng)用一維水質(zhì)模型分析計算水環(huán)境功能區(qū)水體的水環(huán)境容量,進而得到呼和浩特市行政區(qū)剩余水環(huán)境容量。計算結(jié)果表面,呼和浩特市行政區(qū)內(nèi)的化學需氧量和氨氮環(huán)境容量分別為7902噸和237噸,但由于呼和浩特市總化學需氧量和氨氮入河量分別為8420噸和508噸,因此剩余環(huán)境容量均已超載,化學需氧量剩余容量超載量為518噸；氨氮剩余容量超載量為271噸。計算結(jié)果對于實現(xiàn)呼和浩特市從濃度總量控制向容量總量控制的轉(zhuǎn)變,統(tǒng)籌產(chǎn)業(yè)集群科學分工,推進城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和區(qū)域水環(huán)境質(zhì)量保護具有積極的意義。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of social and economic development and urbanization in Hohhot, the amount of water used in industry and agriculture, domestic water consumption and waste water discharge are increasing, and the water pollution problem is prominent in some watersheds, and the pressure of water environment protection is heavy. The problem of water quality and water shortage is becoming more and more prominent, which has become an important factor that restricts the sustainable development of social economy and affects the health of people. Scientific estimation of water environmental capacity can not only provide reference data for regional environmental impact assessment and environmental infrastructure construction, but also provide environmental support for the adjustment of regional industrial structure and optimization of layout. It can also provide important scientific basis for the implementation of total pollutant emission control, emission permit system, emission trading and other modern environmental management systems between the upper and lower reaches of the river basin. Based on the monitoring data of water quality in Hohhot city in recent years and the dynamic update data of pollution source survey in 2010, the present situation of discharge and total quantity control of main water pollutants are analyzed in this paper. To assess the current situation of regional water environment and the status of water environment functional areas to meet the standards; to obtain the distribution of non-point source pollution sources of industry, daily life, agriculture, livestock and poultry breeding and the amount of sewage corresponding to the functional areas of water environment in combination with the hydrological and water resources situation of water function areas, According to the characteristic data of water quality target and hydrological conditions, such as design discharge (velocity) and length of water function area, and based on the boundary of administrative region, the calculation unit is not divided across the administrative region. Using one-dimensional water quality model, the water environmental capacity of the water body in the water environment functional area is analyzed and calculated, and the residual water environmental capacity of the Hohhot administrative region is obtained. On the surface of the calculated results, the environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen in Hohhot administrative region are 7902 tons and 237 tons respectively, but the total chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen flow into the river of Hohhot are 8420 tons and 508 tons respectively. Therefore, the residual environmental capacity has been overloaded, the residual capacity of chemical oxygen demand is 518 tons, and the residual capacity of ammonia nitrogen is 271 tons. The calculation results have positive significance for realizing the transformation from total concentration control to capacity total control, coordinating the scientific division of labor among industrial clusters, and promoting the sustainable development of the city and the protection of regional water environment quality in Hohhot.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X143;X26

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