檸檬酸緩釋膜與質(zhì)構(gòu)量化凈水菌膠囊的制備及其性能研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-08 10:58
【摘要】：我國(guó)環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題凸顯,水資源的保護(hù)和合理利用迫在眉睫,江浙地區(qū)由于地表水占比較大,其治理的需求也更為迫切。氮素污染會(huì)導(dǎo)致水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化,對(duì)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖、工業(yè)發(fā)展和生活用水造成嚴(yán)重危害,水體中氨態(tài)氮的治理難度最大。本研究采用微生物對(duì)水體污染進(jìn)行修復(fù),主要目的為降低水體中氨氮。研究從微生物固定化技術(shù)入手,以載凈水菌膠囊的體系研究為主體,利用海藻酸鈉、聚乙烯醇為壁材,結(jié)合質(zhì)構(gòu)量化分析探究出合理的微生物固定化體系,同時(shí)利用殼聚糖、聚乙烯醇等高聚物制備檸檬酸緩釋膜,并進(jìn)行凈水效果的評(píng)估。主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)果如下:(1)檸檬酸檢測(cè)體系的建立和優(yōu)化。Fe3+和檸檬酸根離子于酸性條件下在紫外照射下會(huì)形成紫色絡(luò)合物,試驗(yàn)采用分光光度法構(gòu)建檢測(cè)體系,對(duì)檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)、Fe3+濃度、光照和靜置時(shí)長(zhǎng)等條件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,最終確立最適的檢測(cè)體系為:混合體系總體積200μL,其中Fe3+和硝酸混合體系50μL(Fe3+濃度0.5 mol/L、HNO3濃度0.5mol/L),檸檬酸和dd H2O混合體積150μL。檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)為440 nm,檸檬酸的檢測(cè)范圍為:0.5×10-3 mol/L~0.5×10-1 mol/L。經(jīng)HPLC法檸檬酸檢測(cè)結(jié)果對(duì)比顯示,該檢測(cè)方法穩(wěn)定有效,可用于檸檬酸的檢測(cè)。(2)對(duì)殼聚糖-檸檬酸交聯(lián)體系的研究。通過(guò)對(duì)交聯(lián)體系包封率和檸檬酸載藥量的分析,確立了較優(yōu)殼聚糖-檸檬酸交聯(lián)體系為:0.1 mol/L檸檬酸鈉40 m L+20mg/m L殼聚糖溶液50 m L。將該交聯(lián)體系用不同體積的10%聚乙烯醇溶液進(jìn)行包覆,經(jīng)烘干后制備出聚乙烯醇包覆的檸檬酸緩釋膜。對(duì)緩釋膜體進(jìn)行水體釋放實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:檸檬酸的釋放速率會(huì)隨著膜體中聚乙烯醇使用比例的減少而增加,各實(shí)驗(yàn)組中檸檬酸陸續(xù)在16 h~3 d內(nèi)釋放率均達(dá)到90%以上,研究表明聚乙烯醇在一定程度上能延緩檸檬酸的釋放。(3)基于質(zhì)構(gòu)量化的凈水菌膠囊制備。通過(guò)質(zhì)構(gòu)量化指標(biāo)的引入,對(duì)固定化壁材、輔料添加量、固化液濃度、固化時(shí)長(zhǎng)等因素進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析,確立較優(yōu)的微生物固定化體系為:微膠囊壁材配方為V(4%海藻酸鈉):V(10%聚乙烯醇)=1:9;較佳固化液配方為4%Ca Cl2和4%H3BO3的混合溶液;輔料竹炭、硅藻土和沸石的適宜添加量(w/v)分別為20%~60%、20%~30%和20%~60%。對(duì)較優(yōu)配方下的微膠囊進(jìn)行空隙率分析和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)掃描電子顯微鏡觀察表明:在微膠囊內(nèi)部存在大量的孔隙,這利于膠囊內(nèi)部和外界的物質(zhì)交換。同時(shí)水體釋放實(shí)驗(yàn)表明該微膠囊內(nèi)有部分微生物能釋放到水體環(huán)境中。(4)實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬凈水實(shí)驗(yàn)。搖瓶?jī)羲畬?shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:該載菌微膠囊能去除水體中的氨氮,20 h后各實(shí)驗(yàn)組中NH4+-N濃度從1 h時(shí)39.3 mg/L~44.7 mg/L均降低到0.1 mg/L以下,氨氮去除率99%以上。24 h后各實(shí)驗(yàn)組中的總氮值也出現(xiàn)不同程度的下降;微膠囊片狀膜于自制模擬河道,進(jìn)行開(kāi)放水體凈水實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:各實(shí)驗(yàn)組中氨氮值隨著水力停留時(shí)間(HRT)增加而降低,當(dāng)HRT為30 h時(shí)氨氮值由進(jìn)水的6.2 mg/L~6.4 mg/L下降到1.2 mg/L~1.7 mg/L、總氮值由11.4 mg/L下降到2.1mg/L~2.6 mg/L;投加檸檬酸緩釋膜實(shí)驗(yàn)組的凈水效果略好于未投加組。適宜碳源的投加有利于增強(qiáng)微生物水體修復(fù)的效果。
[Abstract]:The problem of environmental pollution in China is prominent, the protection and rational utilization of water resources is imminent. In Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas, because of the large amount of surface water, the demand for its treatment is more urgent. Nitrogen pollution will lead to eutrophication of water body, cause severe harm to aquaculture, industrial development and living water, and the difficulty of treatment of ammonia nitrogen in water body is the most difficult. The main purpose of remediation of water pollution by microorganism is to reduce the ammonia nitrogen in water. From the technology of microbial immobilization, the main body of the study is to study the system of the capsule of water carrying bacteria, using sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol as the wall material, and combining the qualitative and quantitative analysis to explore the rational microbial immobilization system, and the use of chitosan, Citric acid sustained-release membranes were prepared by polyvinyl alcohol and other polymers. The main contents and results were as follows: (1) the establishment and optimization of citric acid detection system and optimization of.Fe3+ and citrate ions under acidic conditions would form purple complexes under UV irradiation, and the test system was constructed by spectrophotometry. The measurement wavelength, Fe3+ concentration, light and static time length were optimized. Finally, the optimum detection system was established as follows: the total volume of the mixed system was 200 mu L, of which the mixture of Fe3+ and nitric acid was 50 L (Fe3+ concentration 0.5 mol/L, HNO3 concentration 0.5mol/L), and the mixed volume of citric acid and DD H2O was 440 nm, and the detection range of citric acid was 0.5 x 1. The comparison of 0-3 mol/L~0.5 x 10-1 mol/L. by HPLC method of citric acid detection shows that the method is stable and effective and can be used for the detection of citric acid. (2) the study of chitosan citric acid crosslinking system. Through the analysis of the encapsulation efficiency of the crosslinking system and the drug loading of citric acid, a better chitosan citric acid crosslinking system is established as: 0.1 mol/L lemon Sodium acid 40 m L+20mg/m L chitosan solution 50 m L. coated the crosslinking system with different volume 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and prepared the citric acid sustained-release membrane coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The release experiment of the slow-release membrane body showed that the release rate of citric acid decreased with the use of polyvinyl alcohol in the membrane body. The release rate of citric acid in 16 h~3 D was up to 90% in each experiment group. The study showed that polyvinyl alcohol could delay the release of citric acid to a certain extent. (3) preparation of water purification capsule based on quantitative texture. The optimum microorganism immobilization system is as follows: the microcapsule wall material is V (4% sodium alginate): V (10% polyvinyl alcohol) =1:9, and the better cure solution is a mixed solution of 4%Ca Cl2 and 4%H3BO3; the suitable addition amount of the auxiliary bamboo charcoal, diatomite and zeolite (w/v) is 20%~60%, 20%~30% and 20%~60%. to the better formula. The gap rate analysis and the internal structure scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that there are plenty of pores inside the microcapsule, which is beneficial to the exchange of material inside and outside of the capsule. At the same time, the release experiment of water body shows that some microbes in the microcapsule can be released into the environment of the water body. (4) the laboratory simulated water purification experiment in the laboratory. The experimental results showed that the microcapsule was able to remove ammonia nitrogen in water. After 20 h, the concentration of NH4+-N decreased to less than 0.1 mg/L from 39.3 mg/L~44.7 mg/L from 1 h, and the total nitrogen value in the experimental groups decreased with the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen above 99%.24 H. The experimental results showed that the ammonia nitrogen value in the experimental group decreased with the increase of hydraulic retention time (HRT). When HRT was 30 h, the value of ammonia nitrogen decreased from 6.2 mg/L~6.4 mg/L to 1.2 mg/L~1.7 mg/L, the total nitrogen value decreased from 11.4 mg/L to 2.1mg/L~2.6 mg/L, and the water purification effect of the experimental group adding citric acid slow release membrane was better than that of the unadded group. The addition of suitable carbon sources is conducive to enhancing the effect of microbial water restoration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52;X172
本文編號(hào)：2171580
[Abstract]:The problem of environmental pollution in China is prominent, the protection and rational utilization of water resources is imminent. In Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas, because of the large amount of surface water, the demand for its treatment is more urgent. Nitrogen pollution will lead to eutrophication of water body, cause severe harm to aquaculture, industrial development and living water, and the difficulty of treatment of ammonia nitrogen in water body is the most difficult. The main purpose of remediation of water pollution by microorganism is to reduce the ammonia nitrogen in water. From the technology of microbial immobilization, the main body of the study is to study the system of the capsule of water carrying bacteria, using sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol as the wall material, and combining the qualitative and quantitative analysis to explore the rational microbial immobilization system, and the use of chitosan, Citric acid sustained-release membranes were prepared by polyvinyl alcohol and other polymers. The main contents and results were as follows: (1) the establishment and optimization of citric acid detection system and optimization of.Fe3+ and citrate ions under acidic conditions would form purple complexes under UV irradiation, and the test system was constructed by spectrophotometry. The measurement wavelength, Fe3+ concentration, light and static time length were optimized. Finally, the optimum detection system was established as follows: the total volume of the mixed system was 200 mu L, of which the mixture of Fe3+ and nitric acid was 50 L (Fe3+ concentration 0.5 mol/L, HNO3 concentration 0.5mol/L), and the mixed volume of citric acid and DD H2O was 440 nm, and the detection range of citric acid was 0.5 x 1. The comparison of 0-3 mol/L~0.5 x 10-1 mol/L. by HPLC method of citric acid detection shows that the method is stable and effective and can be used for the detection of citric acid. (2) the study of chitosan citric acid crosslinking system. Through the analysis of the encapsulation efficiency of the crosslinking system and the drug loading of citric acid, a better chitosan citric acid crosslinking system is established as: 0.1 mol/L lemon Sodium acid 40 m L+20mg/m L chitosan solution 50 m L. coated the crosslinking system with different volume 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and prepared the citric acid sustained-release membrane coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The release experiment of the slow-release membrane body showed that the release rate of citric acid decreased with the use of polyvinyl alcohol in the membrane body. The release rate of citric acid in 16 h~3 D was up to 90% in each experiment group. The study showed that polyvinyl alcohol could delay the release of citric acid to a certain extent. (3) preparation of water purification capsule based on quantitative texture. The optimum microorganism immobilization system is as follows: the microcapsule wall material is V (4% sodium alginate): V (10% polyvinyl alcohol) =1:9, and the better cure solution is a mixed solution of 4%Ca Cl2 and 4%H3BO3; the suitable addition amount of the auxiliary bamboo charcoal, diatomite and zeolite (w/v) is 20%~60%, 20%~30% and 20%~60%. to the better formula. The gap rate analysis and the internal structure scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that there are plenty of pores inside the microcapsule, which is beneficial to the exchange of material inside and outside of the capsule. At the same time, the release experiment of water body shows that some microbes in the microcapsule can be released into the environment of the water body. (4) the laboratory simulated water purification experiment in the laboratory. The experimental results showed that the microcapsule was able to remove ammonia nitrogen in water. After 20 h, the concentration of NH4+-N decreased to less than 0.1 mg/L from 39.3 mg/L~44.7 mg/L from 1 h, and the total nitrogen value in the experimental groups decreased with the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen above 99%.24 H. The experimental results showed that the ammonia nitrogen value in the experimental group decreased with the increase of hydraulic retention time (HRT). When HRT was 30 h, the value of ammonia nitrogen decreased from 6.2 mg/L~6.4 mg/L to 1.2 mg/L~1.7 mg/L, the total nitrogen value decreased from 11.4 mg/L to 2.1mg/L~2.6 mg/L, and the water purification effect of the experimental group adding citric acid slow release membrane was better than that of the unadded group. The addition of suitable carbon sources is conducive to enhancing the effect of microbial water restoration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52;X172
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