三株細(xì)菌胞外聚合物（EPS）對(duì)礦物細(xì)顆粒表面性質(zhì)的影響及改性作用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-03 19:24
【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展、城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程加快,大氣可吸入顆粒物污染日趨嚴(yán)重,嚴(yán)重影響著人類(lèi)的身體健康。礦物細(xì)顆粒和微生物同時(shí)作為大氣污染物的主要組成成分,目前,微生物活體細(xì)胞對(duì)礦物細(xì)顆粒的毒性研究、表面性質(zhì)的相關(guān)研究還很有限。胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)在微生物對(duì)礦物作用過(guò)程中起著重要作用。因此,細(xì)菌EPS對(duì)大氣礦物細(xì)顆粒作用的相關(guān)研究顯得非常必要。本文以大氣顆粒物中典型的礦物方解石、納米碳酸鈣、石英、納米二氧化硅和鈉長(zhǎng)石為研究對(duì)象。選取土壤常駐菌(即硅酸鹽細(xì)菌)、空氣常見(jiàn)致病菌(即金黃色葡萄球菌)和人體正常菌(即大腸桿菌)為實(shí)驗(yàn)菌株,目的是分析礦物細(xì)顆粒從土壤—空氣—人體過(guò)程中與不同常見(jiàn)菌之間的作用過(guò)程。通過(guò)高效液相色譜法定性、定量分析了三株常見(jiàn)細(xì)菌EPS主要成分(即胞外低分子有機(jī)酸、氨基酸及多糖中的單糖成分)。利用等離子發(fā)射光譜儀(ICP)、X射線熒光光譜儀(XRF)、X射線衍射儀(XRD)、傅里葉紅外光譜儀(FTIR)、掃描電鏡(SEM)、Zeta電位分析儀等分析測(cè)試手段,考察了三株細(xì)菌及其EPS和EPS主要成分對(duì)礦物細(xì)顆粒溶出離子、表面電性、表面基團(tuán)和表面形貌的影響。結(jié)果如下:(1)三株常見(jiàn)細(xì)菌EPS主要成分特征表現(xiàn):有機(jī)酸主要組分包括草酸、乳酸、琥珀酸和檸檬酸;氨基酸主要組分包括組氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸和胱氨酸;多糖水解液中的單糖主要組分包括甘露糖、核糖和葡萄糖醛酸。(2)三株細(xì)菌EPS均能使五種礦物表面性質(zhì)(溶出離子、表面電性、表面基團(tuán)和表面形貌)發(fā)生明顯變化,其中對(duì)碳酸鹽礦物的影響大于硅鋁酸鹽礦物大于硅酸鹽礦物,即幾種礦物表面性質(zhì)的變化程度為方解石鈉長(zhǎng)石石英,納米碳酸鈣納米二氧化硅。(3)三株細(xì)菌EPS對(duì)微米級(jí)礦物和納米級(jí)礦物影響差異較大,納米級(jí)礦物表面具有高的化學(xué)活性和吸附能力,使其更容易與有機(jī)物發(fā)生反應(yīng)。溶出離子結(jié)果表明,有機(jī)酸、氨基酸和單糖對(duì)納米級(jí)礦物的溶出離子明顯高于微米級(jí)礦物,FTIR結(jié)果表明,納米級(jí)礦物表面能吸附更多的有機(jī)物或有機(jī)物基團(tuán),其吸附能力明顯高于微米級(jí)礦物,而納米顆粒的表面能高使有機(jī)酸、氨基酸和單糖對(duì)其表面電性的影響明顯小于微米級(jí)礦物。細(xì)菌EPS對(duì)礦物顆粒表面性質(zhì)的影響明顯大于EPS主要成分,當(dāng)細(xì)菌或者細(xì)菌EPS對(duì)納米級(jí)礦物作用時(shí),納米顆粒表面的這種特性被打破,由Zeta電位結(jié)果可知,細(xì)菌及其細(xì)菌EPS能明顯使納米級(jí)礦物表面Zeta電位向負(fù)電荷方向發(fā)生明顯移動(dòng)。(4)細(xì)菌EPS對(duì)礦物細(xì)顆粒表面性質(zhì)的影響過(guò)程中,對(duì)礦物表面性質(zhì)的影響順序?yàn)榧?xì)菌大于細(xì)菌的EPS大于去EPS后菌體。SEM圖結(jié)果表明,在細(xì)菌對(duì)礦物表面形貌的影響過(guò)程中,EPS起主要貢獻(xiàn)作用。綜上所述,三株細(xì)菌EPS對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)所選五種礦物表面性質(zhì)均有顯著影響,不同細(xì)菌EPS對(duì)同一礦物影響不同,同一細(xì)菌EPS對(duì)不同礦物表面性質(zhì)影響不同,同一細(xì)菌EPS對(duì)微米級(jí)礦物和納米級(jí)礦物影響有明顯差異,這與細(xì)菌EPS的組分和礦物表面的性質(zhì)密切相關(guān)。以上結(jié)果表明,礦物細(xì)顆粒在整個(gè)遷移過(guò)程中表面性質(zhì)發(fā)生著不斷的變化,特別是有毒有害的Si離子的溶出,從而達(dá)到了對(duì)礦物細(xì)顆粒改性的效果,使其最終到達(dá)人體時(shí),對(duì)人體的危害減弱,對(duì)可吸入礦物細(xì)顆粒的健康影響等綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系研究具有重要的科學(xué)意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the accelerated process of urbanization, the pollution of inhalable particulate matter in the atmosphere is becoming more and more serious, which seriously affects human health. Mineral fine particles and microbes are the main components of the air pollutants at the same time. At present, the study on the toxicity of microbiological cells to mineral fine particles and the related research on the surface properties It is very limited. Extracellular polymers (extracellular polymeric substances, EPS) play an important role in the action of microbes on mineral action. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of bacterial EPS on the fine particles of atmospheric minerals. This paper is based on the typical mineral quartzite, nano calcium carbonate, quartz, nano silica and sodium in atmospheric particles. The objective of this study is to select the soil permanent bacteria (silicate bacteria), the common pathogenic bacteria in the air (Staphylococcus aureus) and human normal bacteria (E. coli) as experimental strains. The purpose is to analyze the process of the action of mineral fine particles from the soil to the human body in the course of the soil air human process. Sex, quantitative analysis of the main components of three common bacteria EPS (namely, extracellular low molecular organic acids, amino acids and monosaccharides in polysaccharides). Using plasma emission spectrometer (ICP), X ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Zeta potential analyzer and other analytical testing means The effects of three strains of bacteria and their main components of EPS and EPS on the dissolution of mineral particles, surface electricity, surface groups and surface morphology were investigated. The results were as follows: (1) the main components of three common bacteria EPS: the main components of organic acids include oxalic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid and citric acid; the main components of amino acids include histidine, arginine, The main components of monosaccharide in the polysaccharide aqueous solution include mannose, ribose and glucuronic acid. (2) three bacterial EPS can make the surface properties of five minerals (dissolved ions, surface electricity, surface groups and surface morphology) obviously change, and the effect on carbonate minerals is greater than that of silicates than silicate minerals. The surface properties of mineral, that is, the surface properties of several minerals are calcite sodium feldspar quartz, nano calcium carbonate nanoscale silica. (3) three strains of bacteria EPS have great influence on micron and nanoscale minerals. The surface of nanoscale minerals has high chemical activity and adsorption capacity, which makes it easier to react with organic matter. The results show that the dissolved ions of organic acids, amino acids and monosaccharides are significantly higher than those of micron grade minerals. The results of FTIR show that the surface of nanoscale minerals can adsorb more organic or organic groups, and their adsorption capacity is higher than that of micron grade minerals, while the surface of nanoscale particles can make organic acids, amino acids and monosaccharides on their surface. The effect of surface electricity is obviously smaller than that of micron grade minerals. The effect of bacterial EPS on the surface properties of mineral particles is obviously greater than that of EPS. When bacteria or bacterial EPS acts on nanoscale minerals, the properties of the nanoparticles are broken. From the Zeta potential results, the bacteria and their bacterial EPS can obviously make the nanoscale mineral surface Zeta (4) the effect of EPS on the surface properties of mineral particles in the process of the effect of bacteria on the surface properties of mineral particles, the order of the effect of the surface properties of the mineral on the surface properties of the bacteria is that the EPS of bacteria is greater than that of the EPS, and the result of the.SEM map of the bacteria shows that in the process of the effect of the bacteria on the surface morphology of the minerals, EPS plays the main role. In summary, three Bacterial EPS has significant influence on the surface properties of the five minerals selected by the experiment. The influence of different bacteria EPS on the same mineral is different. The effect of the same bacteria EPS on the surface properties of different minerals is different. The influence of the same bacteria EPS on the micron and nanoscale minerals is obviously different, which is closely related to the composition of the bacterial EPS and the properties of the mineral surface. The above results show that the surface properties of mineral fine particles are constantly changed during the whole process of migration, especially the dissolution of toxic and harmful Si ions, thus reaching the effect on the modification of mineral fine particles, and the harm to the human body is weakened and the health effect on the fine particles of the minerals can be evaluated. The study of price system is of great scientific significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X513;X172;O631.3
本文編號(hào)：2162766
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the accelerated process of urbanization, the pollution of inhalable particulate matter in the atmosphere is becoming more and more serious, which seriously affects human health. Mineral fine particles and microbes are the main components of the air pollutants at the same time. At present, the study on the toxicity of microbiological cells to mineral fine particles and the related research on the surface properties It is very limited. Extracellular polymers (extracellular polymeric substances, EPS) play an important role in the action of microbes on mineral action. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of bacterial EPS on the fine particles of atmospheric minerals. This paper is based on the typical mineral quartzite, nano calcium carbonate, quartz, nano silica and sodium in atmospheric particles. The objective of this study is to select the soil permanent bacteria (silicate bacteria), the common pathogenic bacteria in the air (Staphylococcus aureus) and human normal bacteria (E. coli) as experimental strains. The purpose is to analyze the process of the action of mineral fine particles from the soil to the human body in the course of the soil air human process. Sex, quantitative analysis of the main components of three common bacteria EPS (namely, extracellular low molecular organic acids, amino acids and monosaccharides in polysaccharides). Using plasma emission spectrometer (ICP), X ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Zeta potential analyzer and other analytical testing means The effects of three strains of bacteria and their main components of EPS and EPS on the dissolution of mineral particles, surface electricity, surface groups and surface morphology were investigated. The results were as follows: (1) the main components of three common bacteria EPS: the main components of organic acids include oxalic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid and citric acid; the main components of amino acids include histidine, arginine, The main components of monosaccharide in the polysaccharide aqueous solution include mannose, ribose and glucuronic acid. (2) three bacterial EPS can make the surface properties of five minerals (dissolved ions, surface electricity, surface groups and surface morphology) obviously change, and the effect on carbonate minerals is greater than that of silicates than silicate minerals. The surface properties of mineral, that is, the surface properties of several minerals are calcite sodium feldspar quartz, nano calcium carbonate nanoscale silica. (3) three strains of bacteria EPS have great influence on micron and nanoscale minerals. The surface of nanoscale minerals has high chemical activity and adsorption capacity, which makes it easier to react with organic matter. The results show that the dissolved ions of organic acids, amino acids and monosaccharides are significantly higher than those of micron grade minerals. The results of FTIR show that the surface of nanoscale minerals can adsorb more organic or organic groups, and their adsorption capacity is higher than that of micron grade minerals, while the surface of nanoscale particles can make organic acids, amino acids and monosaccharides on their surface. The effect of surface electricity is obviously smaller than that of micron grade minerals. The effect of bacterial EPS on the surface properties of mineral particles is obviously greater than that of EPS. When bacteria or bacterial EPS acts on nanoscale minerals, the properties of the nanoparticles are broken. From the Zeta potential results, the bacteria and their bacterial EPS can obviously make the nanoscale mineral surface Zeta (4) the effect of EPS on the surface properties of mineral particles in the process of the effect of bacteria on the surface properties of mineral particles, the order of the effect of the surface properties of the mineral on the surface properties of the bacteria is that the EPS of bacteria is greater than that of the EPS, and the result of the.SEM map of the bacteria shows that in the process of the effect of the bacteria on the surface morphology of the minerals, EPS plays the main role. In summary, three Bacterial EPS has significant influence on the surface properties of the five minerals selected by the experiment. The influence of different bacteria EPS on the same mineral is different. The effect of the same bacteria EPS on the surface properties of different minerals is different. The influence of the same bacteria EPS on the micron and nanoscale minerals is obviously different, which is closely related to the composition of the bacterial EPS and the properties of the mineral surface. The above results show that the surface properties of mineral fine particles are constantly changed during the whole process of migration, especially the dissolution of toxic and harmful Si ions, thus reaching the effect on the modification of mineral fine particles, and the harm to the human body is weakened and the health effect on the fine particles of the minerals can be evaluated. The study of price system is of great scientific significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X513;X172;O631.3
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