外源一氧化氮與水楊酸對黑麥草鎘、銅脅迫的緩解效應(yīng)及其機(jī)理研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-03 16:35
【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)生產(chǎn)進(jìn)程的加速,重金屬污染問題已引起全球的廣泛關(guān)注,特別是土壤的重金屬污染。重金屬可通過食物鏈的富集作用對人類產(chǎn)生危害,而鎘和銅是常見的重金屬污染物,經(jīng)常以復(fù)合污染形式存在于自然界中,其治理難度較大。黑麥草是重要的草坪草和牧草,應(yīng)用十分廣泛。本文以黑麥草(Lolium perenne L.)為材料,通過盆栽與液培試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法,研究了鎘、銅及其復(fù)合污染對黑麥草的毒害機(jī)理,并探討了添加外源NO與SA對黑麥草鎘銅復(fù)合脅迫的緩解效應(yīng)及機(jī)制。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.液培試驗(yàn)中,100和150μM Cd對黑麥草產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的毒害作用,尤其是150μM Cd。鎘脅迫通過顯著降低葉綠素含量,抑制了Fe,Cu和Zn的吸收,影響抗氧化酶的活性和增加活性氧的積累而對黑麥草產(chǎn)生毒害。添加外源NO能夠顯著緩解鎘脅迫對黑麥草的毒害作用,在150μM Cd脅迫下緩解作用較好。外源NO促進(jìn)了黑麥草的生長。增加了葉綠素含量,促進(jìn)了黑麥草的光合作用;促進(jìn)了礦質(zhì)元素的吸收,明顯改善了細(xì)胞內(nèi)離子平衡。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果還發(fā)現(xiàn):外源NO通過增加抗氧化酶的活性,減少O2?-、H2O2和MDA的積累而減輕氧化壓力;NO還抑制了鎘從地下部向地上部的運(yùn)輸。這些研究結(jié)果表明,外源NO通過抑制鎘的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)和改善抗氧化系統(tǒng)來減輕氧化壓力,緩解鎘對黑麥草的毒害作用。2.液培條件下,不同濃度的SA對鎘脅迫下黑麥草的緩解效應(yīng)不同。添加100,200,300μM的SA增加了葉綠素含量和抗氧化酶活性,增加了礦質(zhì)元素的吸收和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),減少了H2O2和MDA的累積。添加200μM的SA的緩解效果最好,不僅減少了黑麥草對鎘的吸收,還抑制了鎘從地下部向地上部的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。研究黑麥草地下部和地上部的亞細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn),添加200μM的SA增加了鎘在液泡和細(xì)胞壁中的累積使大部分的鎘在液泡和細(xì)胞壁中,而很小一部分在細(xì)胞器中。這些結(jié)果表明適宜濃度的SA能夠緩解鎘對黑麥草的毒害作用,促進(jìn)黑麥草的生長。3.液培條件下,鎘、銅、尤其是鎘銅復(fù)合脅迫使黑麥草產(chǎn)生黃化,抑制了黑麥草的生長,增加了黑麥草體內(nèi)的鎘、銅或者鎘和銅含量。100μM SNP顯著緩解了鎘脅迫、銅脅迫,尤其是鎘銅復(fù)合脅迫。表現(xiàn)在:增加黑麥草的葉綠素含量和抗氧化酶活性,促進(jìn)植株生長。通過促進(jìn)礦質(zhì)元素的吸收改善細(xì)胞內(nèi)離子平衡。另外,外源NO抑制了鎘和銅的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。這些結(jié)果表明,在復(fù)合脅迫下NO的緩解作用可能比同濃度的單一脅迫好。4.盆栽試驗(yàn)中,向生長在鎘脅迫土壤中的黑麥草根部供應(yīng)不同濃度的外源NO,并通過連續(xù)割茬的方式研究鎘對重金屬對不同茬次黑麥草的毒害作用及外源NO的緩解效應(yīng)及機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明,不同濃度的SNP對土壤鎘脅迫下黑麥草植株的緩解效果不同,SNP的緩解效應(yīng)需要適宜的濃度,50-300μM SNP處理,尤其是300μM的SNP,可提高黑麥草葉綠素含量,改善抗氧化酶活性,促進(jìn)礦質(zhì)元素的吸收,減輕鎘引起的氧化傷害,抑制鎘從地下部向地上部轉(zhuǎn)移。隨著NO濃度的增大,NO的緩解作用降低,在500μM時(shí),緩解效果減弱甚至與鎘脅迫一起抑制黑麥草的生長。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of industrial production process, the problem of heavy metal pollution has attracted worldwide attention, especially the heavy metal pollution of soil. Heavy metals can be harmful to human beings through the enrichment of food chain. Cadmium and copper are common heavy metals pollutants, often in the form of compound pollution in nature, which is difficult to control. Ryegrass is an important turf grass and herbage, which is widely used. In this paper, Lolium perenne L. (ryegrass) was used as a material. The toxicity mechanism of cadmium, copper and its compound pollution on ryegrass was studied through a combination of pot culture and liquid culture test. The effect and mechanism of adding exogenous NO and SA to the compound stress of CD and Cu in ryegrass was discussed. The main results are as follows: 1. in 1. liquid culture, 100 and 150 mu Cd have a serious toxic effect on ryegrass, especially 150 mu M Cd. cadmium stress by significantly reducing the content of chlorophyll, inhibiting the absorption of Fe, Cu and Zn, affecting the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and toxic to ryegrass. Adding exogenous NO can show the toxicity. The effect of cadmium stress on ryegrass was alleviated and the effect of remission was better under 150 M Cd stress. Exogenous NO promoted the growth of ryegrass, increased the content of chlorophyll, promoted the photosynthesis of ryegrass, promoted the absorption of mineral elements and improved the ion balance in cells. The experimental results also found that exogenous NO increased oxygen resistance by increasing oxygen. Enzyme activity, reducing the accumulation of O2? - H2O2 and MDA and reducing the oxidative stress; NO also inhibited the transport of cadmium from the underground to the ground. These results showed that exogenous NO alleviated the oxidative stress by inhibiting the transport of cadmium and improving the antioxidant system and alleviated the toxicity of cadmium to ryegrass by.2. liquid culture and SA pairs of different concentrations. The remission effect of ryegrass was different under cadmium stress. The addition of 100200300 M SA increased the content of chlorophyll and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased the absorption and transport of mineral elements, reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA. The addition of 200 mu M was the best, which not only reduced the absorption of Ryegrass to cadmium, but also inhibited the cadmium from the ground to the ground. The study of subcellular structure in the lower and upper part of the rye grassland found that the addition of 200 M SA increased the accumulation of cadmium in the vacuoles and cell walls and made most of the cadmium in the vacuoles and cell walls, and a small fraction of the cadmium in the organelles. These results showed that the suitable concentration of SA could alleviate the toxicity of cadmium to ryegrass and promote the toxicity of cadmium to ryegrass. Under the conditions of.3. liquid culture of ryegrass, CD, Cu, and especially cadmium copper compound stress made ryegrass yellowing, inhibit the growth of ryegrass, increase the cadmium, copper or cadmium and copper content of Ryegrass in the body of ryegrass,.100 M SNP significantly alleviated cadmium stress, copper stress, especially cadmium copper compound stress. And the activity of antioxidant enzymes promoted plant growth. By promoting the absorption of mineral elements to improve the intracellular ion balance. Additionally, exogenous NO inhibited the transport of cadmium and copper. These results suggest that the remission of NO under compound stress may be better than the same concentration of single stress.4. pot test, to the Rye roots in the soil under cadmium stress. Different concentrations of exogenous NO were supplied, and the effects of cadmium on the toxicity of heavy metals to different stubble ryegrass and the mitigating effect and mechanism of exogenous NO were studied through continuous cutting. The results showed that different concentrations of SNP had different remission effects on the plant of ryegrass under cadmium stress, and the alleviating effect of SNP needed a suitable concentration, 50-300 mu M S. NP treatment, especially the SNP of 300 mu M, can improve the chlorophyll content of ryegrass, improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes, promote the absorption of mineral elements, reduce the oxidative damage caused by cadmium and inhibit the transfer of cadmium from the underground to the ground. As the concentration of NO increases, the alleviating effect of NO is reduced, and the mitigation effect is weakened even with cadmium stress at the time of 500 mu M. The growth of ryegrass.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;S543.6
本文編號：2162338
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of industrial production process, the problem of heavy metal pollution has attracted worldwide attention, especially the heavy metal pollution of soil. Heavy metals can be harmful to human beings through the enrichment of food chain. Cadmium and copper are common heavy metals pollutants, often in the form of compound pollution in nature, which is difficult to control. Ryegrass is an important turf grass and herbage, which is widely used. In this paper, Lolium perenne L. (ryegrass) was used as a material. The toxicity mechanism of cadmium, copper and its compound pollution on ryegrass was studied through a combination of pot culture and liquid culture test. The effect and mechanism of adding exogenous NO and SA to the compound stress of CD and Cu in ryegrass was discussed. The main results are as follows: 1. in 1. liquid culture, 100 and 150 mu Cd have a serious toxic effect on ryegrass, especially 150 mu M Cd. cadmium stress by significantly reducing the content of chlorophyll, inhibiting the absorption of Fe, Cu and Zn, affecting the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and toxic to ryegrass. Adding exogenous NO can show the toxicity. The effect of cadmium stress on ryegrass was alleviated and the effect of remission was better under 150 M Cd stress. Exogenous NO promoted the growth of ryegrass, increased the content of chlorophyll, promoted the photosynthesis of ryegrass, promoted the absorption of mineral elements and improved the ion balance in cells. The experimental results also found that exogenous NO increased oxygen resistance by increasing oxygen. Enzyme activity, reducing the accumulation of O2? - H2O2 and MDA and reducing the oxidative stress; NO also inhibited the transport of cadmium from the underground to the ground. These results showed that exogenous NO alleviated the oxidative stress by inhibiting the transport of cadmium and improving the antioxidant system and alleviated the toxicity of cadmium to ryegrass by.2. liquid culture and SA pairs of different concentrations. The remission effect of ryegrass was different under cadmium stress. The addition of 100200300 M SA increased the content of chlorophyll and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased the absorption and transport of mineral elements, reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA. The addition of 200 mu M was the best, which not only reduced the absorption of Ryegrass to cadmium, but also inhibited the cadmium from the ground to the ground. The study of subcellular structure in the lower and upper part of the rye grassland found that the addition of 200 M SA increased the accumulation of cadmium in the vacuoles and cell walls and made most of the cadmium in the vacuoles and cell walls, and a small fraction of the cadmium in the organelles. These results showed that the suitable concentration of SA could alleviate the toxicity of cadmium to ryegrass and promote the toxicity of cadmium to ryegrass. Under the conditions of.3. liquid culture of ryegrass, CD, Cu, and especially cadmium copper compound stress made ryegrass yellowing, inhibit the growth of ryegrass, increase the cadmium, copper or cadmium and copper content of Ryegrass in the body of ryegrass,.100 M SNP significantly alleviated cadmium stress, copper stress, especially cadmium copper compound stress. And the activity of antioxidant enzymes promoted plant growth. By promoting the absorption of mineral elements to improve the intracellular ion balance. Additionally, exogenous NO inhibited the transport of cadmium and copper. These results suggest that the remission of NO under compound stress may be better than the same concentration of single stress.4. pot test, to the Rye roots in the soil under cadmium stress. Different concentrations of exogenous NO were supplied, and the effects of cadmium on the toxicity of heavy metals to different stubble ryegrass and the mitigating effect and mechanism of exogenous NO were studied through continuous cutting. The results showed that different concentrations of SNP had different remission effects on the plant of ryegrass under cadmium stress, and the alleviating effect of SNP needed a suitable concentration, 50-300 mu M S. NP treatment, especially the SNP of 300 mu M, can improve the chlorophyll content of ryegrass, improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes, promote the absorption of mineral elements, reduce the oxidative damage caused by cadmium and inhibit the transfer of cadmium from the underground to the ground. As the concentration of NO increases, the alleviating effect of NO is reduced, and the mitigation effect is weakened even with cadmium stress at the time of 500 mu M. The growth of ryegrass.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;S543.6
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