發(fā)布時間：2018-08-03 15:54

【摘要】：針對有機質(zhì)、總氮及總磷的過度排放而導(dǎo)致的水污染問題,本研究以貝殼粉為主要原料制備鈣硅濾料,考察其磷吸附特性,并將其應(yīng)用于生物濾池中處理生活污水,研究反應(yīng)器對COD、NH3-N、TP、TN的去除效能、空間去除特性及反應(yīng)器內(nèi)微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu),主要內(nèi)容包括:(1)以貝殼粉為主要原料,添加不同的輔料,分別進(jìn)行燒結(jié)濾料和免燒濾料的制備,對兩種濾料進(jìn)行品質(zhì)鑒定,選擇免燒濾料進(jìn)行后續(xù)試驗研究,并對免燒濾料的成分、形態(tài)以及微觀結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表征,得知免燒濾料的主要成分是CaCO3和SiO2,由此命名為鈣硅濾料,簡稱CSFM。通過靜態(tài)單因素試驗,探究鈣硅濾料磷吸附性能與pH值、磷溶液濃度、吸附時間的關(guān)系,應(yīng)用響應(yīng)面分析法考察pH值、磷溶液濃度、吸附時間三因素對吸附除磷率的交互影響。結(jié)果表明,鈣硅濾料在吸附時間3.24h,吸附溶液pH7條件下,對30mg/L濃度以內(nèi)的磷溶液有良好的吸附效能,吸附除磷率達(dá)90%以上。(2)構(gòu)建CSFM-BF反應(yīng)器,包括以CSFM為載體的1#A/O單級生物濾池和2#單級普通曝氣生物濾池反應(yīng)器,考察氨氮負(fù)荷、磷負(fù)荷對各污染物處理效能的影響,并研究兩反應(yīng)器對污染物的空間去除特性。結(jié)果表明:不同的氨氮負(fù)荷及磷負(fù)荷下A/O單級生物濾池對COD、氨氮、磷的去除效能不及普通曝氣生物濾池,但對TN的去除效能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于普通曝氣生物濾池。(3)實際生活污水試驗階段,將上述反應(yīng)器聯(lián)用,構(gòu)成A/O-CSFM兩級生物濾池,平均出水COD濃度為13.00mg/L,氨氮濃度為2.99mg/L,磷濃度為2.67mg/L,TN濃度為55.29mg/L,平均出水去除率分別為95.61%、96.27%、69.51%、48.43%。A/O-CSFM兩級生物濾池對COD、TOC的去除主要依靠缺氧柱內(nèi)厭氧異養(yǎng)微生物的的降解作用;對磷的去除主要是缺氧柱的反硝化除磷作用和濾料及生物膜的吸附作用;對TN的去除主要是缺氧柱的反硝化作用和好氧柱的硝化作用;對氨氮和IC的去除分別是好氧柱的硝化作用和同化作用。(4)利用高通量測序手段,考察反應(yīng)器在不同運行階段內(nèi)微生物種群多樣性及群落結(jié)構(gòu),14個樣品經(jīng)高通量分析共獲得原始序列共計361112條,34個菌門,鑒定出的主要優(yōu)勢菌主要為變形菌門(Proteobacteria)、擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes),其OTU占有比例分別為60.59%、24.13%。隨著磷負(fù)荷的增大,A/O生物濾池好氧段和缺氧段內(nèi)的微生物多樣性都降低;氨氮負(fù)荷的改變對A/O生物濾池的好氧段的微生物多樣性影響較大,對缺氧段微生物多樣性的影響較小。A/O-CSFM兩級生物濾池好氧段最大優(yōu)勢菌群是硝化螺旋菌屬等硝化細(xì)菌,其豐度是17.09%,優(yōu)勢地位明顯,保證兩級生物濾池良好的硝化效能。缺氧段的主要優(yōu)勢菌群有Rhodocyclaceae_uncultured、弓形桿菌屬(Arcobacter),其豐度分別是13.65%、13.27%。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the water pollution caused by the excessive discharge of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, the calcium silicon filter material was prepared from shell powder, and its phosphorus adsorption characteristics were investigated and applied to the treatment of domestic sewage in biofilter. The removal efficiency, spatial removal characteristics and microbial community structure of CODN NH 3-NN TPN TN in the reactor were studied. The main contents were as follows: (1) sinter filter media and non-burning filter media were prepared by adding different auxiliary materials with shell powder as main raw material. The quality of the two kinds of filter media was evaluated, and the non-fired filter media was selected for follow-up test. The composition, morphology and microstructure of the non-fired filter media were characterized. It was found that the main components of the non-fired filter media were CaCO3 and SiO2, which was named calcium silicon filter material. Short for CSFM. The relationship between phosphorus adsorption performance and pH value, phosphorus solution concentration and adsorption time was investigated by static single factor test. The interaction of pH value, phosphorus solution concentration and adsorption time on phosphorus removal rate was investigated by response surface analysis. The results showed that under the conditions of adsorption time 3.24 h and adsorption solution pH7, the calcium silicon filter media had good adsorption efficiency for phosphorus solution within 30mg/L concentration, and the adsorption phosphorus removal rate was more than 90%. (2) A CSFM-BF reactor was constructed. The effects of ammonia nitrogen loading and phosphorus load on the treatment efficiency of pollutants were investigated in 1#A/O single stage biofilter and 2# single stage aerated biofilter with CSFM as carrier, and the spatial removal characteristics of pollutants were studied. The results showed that the removal efficiency of COD, NH _ 3-N and P by single stage A / O biofilter was lower than that of ordinary aerated biofilter under different ammonia-nitrogen loading and phosphorus loading. However, the removal efficiency of TN is much better than that of ordinary biological aerated filter. (3) in the experimental stage of actual domestic sewage, the A/O-CSFM two-stage biofilter is formed by combining the above reactors. The average effluent COD concentration was 13.00 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen concentration was 2.99 mg / L, phosphorus concentration was 2.67 mg / L, and the average effluent removal rate was 95.61g / L, 96.270.27 mg / L, respectively. The removal rate of COD _ (TOC) was mainly dependent on the degradation of anaerobic heterotrophic microorganisms in anoxic column. The removal of phosphorus is mainly caused by denitrification of anoxic column and adsorption of filter media and biofilm, and the removal of TN is mainly caused by denitrification of anoxic column and nitrification of aerobic column. The removal of ammonia nitrogen and IC were nitrification and assimilation of aerobic column respectively. (4) High throughput sequencing was used. The microbial population diversity and community structure in the reactor were investigated in different operating stages. A total of 361112 original sequences and 34 phylum were obtained from 14 samples by high-throughput analysis. The main dominant bacteria identified was Proteus (Proteobacteria), (Bacteroidetes), and the percentage of OTU occupied was 60.59 and 24.13 respectively. With the increase of phosphorus load, the microbial diversity in aerobic stage and anoxic stage of A / O biofilter decreased, and the microbial diversity in aerobic stage of A / O biofilter was greatly affected by the change of ammonia nitrogen load. The maximum dominant bacteria in aerobic stage of aerobic biofilter of anoxic stage were nitrifying helicobacterium and isonitrifying bacteria, the abundance of which was 17.09, and the dominant position was obvious, which ensured the good nitrification efficiency of two-stage biofilter. The main dominant flora in anoxic region is RhodocyclaceaeS uncultured.The abundance of Toxoplasma (Arcobacter), is 13.65% and 13.27% respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

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本文編號：2162230