南京城市林業(yè)土壤黑碳空間分布及與多環(huán)芳烴的相關(guān)分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-29 20:05
【摘要】：黑碳是由煤和石油等化石燃料不完全燃燒和秸稈等生物質(zhì)燃燒所產(chǎn)生的具有高度熱穩(wěn)定性的含碳物質(zhì),廣泛分布于大氣、土壤、冰雪和水以及沉積物中,對(duì)全球變暖、區(qū)域氣候、環(huán)境與健康等方面有重要影響。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中在南京市主城區(qū)采用10km*10km網(wǎng)格取樣法采集土壤樣本162個(gè)以及選取南京市8個(gè)典型功能區(qū)(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)區(qū)、工廠區(qū)、道路綠化帶區(qū)、交通樞紐區(qū)、教學(xué)區(qū)、居民區(qū)、城區(qū)天然林、郊區(qū)天然林),每個(gè)功能區(qū)采樣2km*2km網(wǎng)格采集3個(gè)樣點(diǎn),每個(gè)樣點(diǎn)采集三0~20cm;20~40cm;40~60cm三個(gè)層次的樣品,用熱化學(xué)法測(cè)定土壤中黑碳的含量,并基于ArcGIS地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析和SPSS相關(guān)性分析,分析城市林業(yè)土壤中黑碳含量的總體空間分布、不同功能區(qū)黑碳含量以及城市林業(yè)土壤中黑碳含量與總有機(jī)碳含量、多環(huán)芳烴(PAHs)含量的相關(guān)關(guān)系,進(jìn)而探討黑碳的來源與影響黑碳分布的影響因素。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、南京主城區(qū)城市林業(yè)土壤中黑碳的濃度范圍為0.7245g/kg~13.9340g/kg,平均值為4.429g/kg,呈現(xiàn)出比較明顯的空間差異。南京市主城區(qū)林業(yè)土壤的黑碳含量分布具有一定的連續(xù)性,高值出現(xiàn)集中,由中間向南北兩側(cè)呈現(xiàn)遞減趨勢(shì),即由市中心向兩側(cè)郊區(qū)呈遞減趨勢(shì)。從空間上看,黑碳含量的高值出現(xiàn)在市中心交通樞紐處如汽車東站、新莊交通樞紐、鼓樓新街口等交通繁華地段。說明黑碳含量受機(jī)動(dòng)車燃油不完全燃燒影響大�？臻g插值圖也反映出城市林土壤中黑碳的含量除受汽車尾氣的影響還受人類活動(dòng)擾動(dòng)的影響。2、南京市主城區(qū)城市林業(yè)土壤中總有機(jī)碳含量和黑碳含量的插值預(yù)測(cè)圖上高值部分有重疊部分,整個(gè)圖形斑塊分布也有相似性。黑碳含量與總有機(jī)碳含量具有顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系,(p0.01),其Pearson相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.876。說明黑碳對(duì)在城市林業(yè)土壤有機(jī)碳的固定具有重要的作用,有利于穩(wěn)定土壤結(jié)構(gòu),維持土壤肥力,防止土壤退化。3、南京市主城區(qū)城市林業(yè)土壤中大部分黑碳與有機(jī)碳含量的比值(BC/TOC)為0.5~0.7左右,認(rèn)為黑碳主要來源于化石燃料的燃燒。郊區(qū)天然林BC/TOC為0.13,認(rèn)為該地區(qū)黑碳主要來源生物質(zhì)燃燒。不同功能區(qū)土壤的黑碳含量具有差異性,交通樞紐區(qū)和道路綠化帶的含量較高主要源于汽車燃油不完全燃燒。而且隨著城市不斷的發(fā)展,各功能區(qū)的界限也日漸模糊,環(huán)境互相滲透,互相交雜,黑碳含量在各功能區(qū)的差異也漸縮小。4、南京市主城區(qū)城市林業(yè)土壤中PAHs主要來源為燃燒源。幾乎所有功能區(qū)土壤黑碳含量、總有機(jī)碳含量均與ΣPAHs有顯著相關(guān)性,部分相關(guān)系數(shù)達(dá)到0.8~0.9左右,主要原因?yàn)樵谙嗤墓δ軈^(qū)它們有著相同的來源。雖然PAHs的分布同時(shí)受到有機(jī)碳和黑碳的顯著影響,但是受黑碳的影響更為顯著。而且相比于低環(huán)數(shù)PAHs,高環(huán)數(shù)的PAHs更能受到有機(jī)碳、黑碳的影響,這是由于高環(huán)數(shù)PAHs分子量比較高,它的化學(xué)性質(zhì)更加穩(wěn)定,不易揮發(fā)。
[Abstract]:Black carbon is a highly thermal stable carbon-containing substance produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum and biomass such as straw, and is widely distributed in the atmosphere, soil, snow, ice and water, as well as in sediments, contributing to global warming. Regional climate, environment and health have important effects. In this experiment, 162 soil samples were collected by 10km*10km grid sampling method in the main urban area of Nanjing, and 8 typical functional areas (landfill, factory, road green belt, transportation hub, teaching area, residential area) were selected in Nanjing. Natural forest in urban area and natural forest in suburb). Three samples were collected from 2km*2km grid in each functional area, and 30 ~ 20 cm ~ (20) ~ (20) ~ (40) cm ~ (40) cm ~ (60 cm) samples were collected from each sampling spot. The content of black carbon in soil was determined by thermochemical method. Based on ArcGIS geostatistics analysis and SPSS correlation analysis, the total spatial distribution of black carbon content in urban forestry soil, black carbon content in different functional areas, black carbon content and total organic carbon content in urban forestry soil were analyzed. The relationship between the (PAHs) content of PAHs and the sources of black carbon and the factors affecting the distribution of black carbon were discussed. The main results are as follows: 1. The concentration range of black carbon in urban forestry soil is 0.7245g / kg ~ 13.9340g 路kg ~ (-1), the average value is 4.429g / kg ~ (-1), showing obvious spatial difference. The distribution of black carbon in forestry soil of Nanjing city has a certain continuity, the high value is concentrated, and the trend is decreasing from the middle to the north and south, that is, from the city center to the suburbs of both sides. From the space point of view, the high value of black carbon content appears in the downtown transportation hub such as the east station of automobile, Xinzhuang traffic hub, Gulou Xinjiakou and other traffic bustling areas. It shows that the black carbon content is greatly affected by incomplete combustion of motor vehicle fuel. The spatial interpolation map also shows that the black carbon content in urban forest soil is affected not only by the automobile exhaust but also by the disturbance of human activities. The interpolation prediction of total organic carbon content and black carbon content in the urban forestry soil of the main urban area of Nanjing city is also shown. The high-value part of the graph has overlaps, The pattern distribution of patches is also similar. There was a significant correlation between black carbon content and total organic carbon content (p0.01), and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.876. The results show that black carbon plays an important role in the fixation of organic carbon in urban forestry soil, which is helpful to stabilize soil structure and maintain soil fertility. To prevent soil degradation, the ratio of black carbon to organic carbon content (BC/TOC) in the urban forestry soil of the main urban area of Nanjing is about 0.50.7.It is considered that the black carbon mainly comes from the burning of fossil fuels. The BC/TOC of natural forest in suburban area is 0.13, which is considered to be the main source of biomass combustion. The black carbon content of soil in different functional areas is different, and the high content of traffic hub and road green belt is mainly due to incomplete combustion of automobile fuel. With the continuous development of the city, the boundary of each functional area is increasingly blurred, the environment infiltrates and intermingles with each other, and the difference of black carbon content in each functional area is reduced gradually. The main source of PAHs in the urban forestry soil of the main urban area of Nanjing is the combustion source. Soil black carbon content and total organic carbon content in almost all functional areas were significantly correlated with 危 PAHs, and the partial correlation coefficient was about 0.80.9.The main reason was that they had the same sources in the same functional areas. Although the distribution of PAHs is significantly affected by both organic carbon and black carbon, the distribution of PAHs is more significantly affected by black carbon. Compared with the low ring number, PAHs with high ring number is more affected by organic carbon and black carbon, which is due to the high molecular weight of high ring number PAHs, its chemical property is more stable, and it is not easy to volatilize.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53
本文編號(hào)：2153847
[Abstract]:Black carbon is a highly thermal stable carbon-containing substance produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum and biomass such as straw, and is widely distributed in the atmosphere, soil, snow, ice and water, as well as in sediments, contributing to global warming. Regional climate, environment and health have important effects. In this experiment, 162 soil samples were collected by 10km*10km grid sampling method in the main urban area of Nanjing, and 8 typical functional areas (landfill, factory, road green belt, transportation hub, teaching area, residential area) were selected in Nanjing. Natural forest in urban area and natural forest in suburb). Three samples were collected from 2km*2km grid in each functional area, and 30 ~ 20 cm ~ (20) ~ (20) ~ (40) cm ~ (40) cm ~ (60 cm) samples were collected from each sampling spot. The content of black carbon in soil was determined by thermochemical method. Based on ArcGIS geostatistics analysis and SPSS correlation analysis, the total spatial distribution of black carbon content in urban forestry soil, black carbon content in different functional areas, black carbon content and total organic carbon content in urban forestry soil were analyzed. The relationship between the (PAHs) content of PAHs and the sources of black carbon and the factors affecting the distribution of black carbon were discussed. The main results are as follows: 1. The concentration range of black carbon in urban forestry soil is 0.7245g / kg ~ 13.9340g 路kg ~ (-1), the average value is 4.429g / kg ~ (-1), showing obvious spatial difference. The distribution of black carbon in forestry soil of Nanjing city has a certain continuity, the high value is concentrated, and the trend is decreasing from the middle to the north and south, that is, from the city center to the suburbs of both sides. From the space point of view, the high value of black carbon content appears in the downtown transportation hub such as the east station of automobile, Xinzhuang traffic hub, Gulou Xinjiakou and other traffic bustling areas. It shows that the black carbon content is greatly affected by incomplete combustion of motor vehicle fuel. The spatial interpolation map also shows that the black carbon content in urban forest soil is affected not only by the automobile exhaust but also by the disturbance of human activities. The interpolation prediction of total organic carbon content and black carbon content in the urban forestry soil of the main urban area of Nanjing city is also shown. The high-value part of the graph has overlaps, The pattern distribution of patches is also similar. There was a significant correlation between black carbon content and total organic carbon content (p0.01), and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.876. The results show that black carbon plays an important role in the fixation of organic carbon in urban forestry soil, which is helpful to stabilize soil structure and maintain soil fertility. To prevent soil degradation, the ratio of black carbon to organic carbon content (BC/TOC) in the urban forestry soil of the main urban area of Nanjing is about 0.50.7.It is considered that the black carbon mainly comes from the burning of fossil fuels. The BC/TOC of natural forest in suburban area is 0.13, which is considered to be the main source of biomass combustion. The black carbon content of soil in different functional areas is different, and the high content of traffic hub and road green belt is mainly due to incomplete combustion of automobile fuel. With the continuous development of the city, the boundary of each functional area is increasingly blurred, the environment infiltrates and intermingles with each other, and the difference of black carbon content in each functional area is reduced gradually. The main source of PAHs in the urban forestry soil of the main urban area of Nanjing is the combustion source. Soil black carbon content and total organic carbon content in almost all functional areas were significantly correlated with 危 PAHs, and the partial correlation coefficient was about 0.80.9.The main reason was that they had the same sources in the same functional areas. Although the distribution of PAHs is significantly affected by both organic carbon and black carbon, the distribution of PAHs is more significantly affected by black carbon. Compared with the low ring number, PAHs with high ring number is more affected by organic carbon and black carbon, which is due to the high molecular weight of high ring number PAHs, its chemical property is more stable, and it is not easy to volatilize.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53
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