鉛鋅多金屬尾礦砂的淋洗處理技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-18 14:00
【摘要】：我國是一個礦業(yè)生產(chǎn)大國,礦產(chǎn)的開采利用在極大地促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時也帶來很大的環(huán)境污染問題,這些問題主要是由于尾礦渣中含有大量的重金屬污染物造成的。尾礦是礦業(yè)冶煉的廢棄物之一,它的堆放不僅占用土地資源,還會對周圍環(huán)境造成極大污染破壞,導(dǎo)致礦區(qū)及周邊土壤質(zhì)量下降,破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的正常功能,危害人類健康。本論文以陜西省商洛市某鉛鋅礦多金屬尾砂為研究對象,對尾砂的化學(xué)淋洗修復(fù)技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究,主要包含以下兩個方面的內(nèi)容：一是重金屬去除率隨淋洗條件改變的變化規(guī)律及不同淋洗劑淋洗的最適條件；二是復(fù)合淋洗劑對尾砂重金屬的淋洗效率研究。本論文選用多種淋洗劑采用震蕩淋洗法研究了單一淋洗劑對重金屬的淋洗效果；探明了幾種淋洗效果較好的淋洗劑的最佳淋洗條件；探究了復(fù)合淋洗劑對重金屬的淋洗效率,得出各復(fù)合淋洗劑的最佳濃度配比,旨在為各淋洗劑去除多金屬尾砂的實(shí)際處理提供參考和借鑒。實(shí)驗結(jié)果表明,實(shí)驗所取鉛鋅尾砂重金屬含量很高,總Pb、總Zn、和總Cd、總As的含量均超過土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),研究的As、Zn、Co、Mo、Pb、 Cd、Cu這7種重金屬均超過采樣點(diǎn)當(dāng)?shù)氐耐寥乐亟饘俸勘尘爸怠Ｍㄟ^BCR形態(tài)分析法可知,Co、Pb的生物可利用性高,易遷移轉(zhuǎn)化；As和Zn的殘渣態(tài)含量很高,活性弱,較為穩(wěn)定。不同淋洗劑對重金屬的去除效率差距較大,在六種淋洗劑中,鹽酸、硝酸和EDTA處理效果最好,其對重金屬的淋洗量都明顯高于其他淋洗劑,其次是FeCl3,(NH4SO4)2溶液和CaCl2溶液對所研究的幾種重金屬的去除率均較低。對于本次淋洗實(shí)驗,淋洗劑濃度對各金屬淋洗效率的影響最大,其次是固液比和時間,相對來說淋洗次數(shù)的影響較小。實(shí)驗對HCl、HNO3、EDTA、FeCl3幾種淋洗效果較好單一淋洗劑進(jìn)行條件優(yōu)化,綜合成本,淋洗劑用量,實(shí)際操作量等因素,得出濃度為0.05tmol·L-1的HCl,在固液比為1：10,淋洗時間為6小時,對尾砂進(jìn)行一次淋洗可得到較好的淋洗率；0.1mol·L-1的HNO3,在固液比為1：10,淋洗時間為12h,對尾砂進(jìn)行一次淋洗可得到較好的淋洗率；0.05mol·L-1的EDTA,在固液比1：10,淋洗時間為18h,對尾砂進(jìn)行一次淋洗可得到較好的淋洗率；1.0mol·L-1為FeCl3,在固液比1：15,淋洗時間為12h,對尾砂進(jìn)行兩次淋洗可得到較好的淋洗率與單一淋洗劑相比,復(fù)合淋洗淋洗劑的淋洗效率均有提升。較高濃度EDTA、FeCl3與HCl、HNO3復(fù)配后,其協(xié)同作用減弱甚至呈現(xiàn)拮抗作用,表明在復(fù)合淋洗劑淋洗時并不是淋洗劑濃度越大就會又越好的淋洗效果。綜合各復(fù)合淋洗劑對各重金屬的去除效率,HNO3-FeCl3對各重金屬的處理效果最好�？傮w來看,復(fù)合淋洗劑對尾砂中重金屬有較好的去除效果。尾砂相比土壤來說,重金屬含量更多,形態(tài)更為穩(wěn)定,對于理化性質(zhì)改變的條件不太苛刻,因而用淋洗法修復(fù)尾砂重金屬有較好的前景。
[Abstract]:China is a big mining country, the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources not only greatly promote the economic development, but also bring a lot of environmental pollution problems. These problems are mainly caused by a large number of heavy metal pollutants in the tailings. Tailings is one of the wastes of mining smelting. Its stacking not only occupies the land resources, but also pollutes the surrounding environment, which results in the deterioration of soil quality in the mining area and surrounding areas, the destruction of the normal function of the ecosystem and the harm to human health. In this paper, the chemical leaching and remediation technology of the tailings from a lead and zinc mine in Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province, was studied. It mainly includes the following two aspects: first, the change of heavy metal removal rate with leaching conditions and the optimum conditions of different eluents; second, the study on the leaching efficiency of heavy metals in tailings. In this paper, the effects of single eluent on heavy metals were studied by means of shock elution, the optimum conditions of several eluents with better elution effect were found out, and the elution efficiency of complex eluents for heavy metals was investigated. The optimum concentration ratio of each compound eluant is obtained to provide reference for the practical treatment of polymetallic tailings. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in lead-zinc tailings was very high, and the contents of total Pb, Zn, CD and as exceeded the standard of soil environmental quality. The contents of seven heavy metals, such as Pb and CD, Cu in the soil, exceeded the background values of the soil heavy metals in the sampling sites. By BCR speciation analysis, it was found that the bioavailability of Cochon Pb was high, the residual state content of as and Zn was very high, the activity was weak, and the activity was relatively stable. Among the six eluents, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and EDTA had the best effect, and the amount of heavy metals eluted was significantly higher than that of other eluents. The removal efficiency of several heavy metals in FeCl _ 3, (NH _ 4SO _ 4) _ 2 and CaCl _ 2 solutions was lower. For this elution experiment, the concentration of eluant has the greatest influence on the leaching efficiency of metals, followed by the ratio of solid to liquid and the time, and the relative number of times of leaching has little effect. By optimizing the conditions, synthesizing the cost, the amount of the eluent and the actual operating quantity of several kinds of eluent such as HCl HNO3 / EDTAFeCl3, the results show that the concentration of HCl-1 is 1: 10 and the elution time is 6 hours at the solid-liquid ratio of 1: 10, and the eluent time is 6 hours at the ratio of solid to liquid. A better leaching rate of HNO _ 3 of 0.1 mol L ~ (-1) can be obtained by one elution of tailings, and the better leaching rate can be obtained when the solid-liquid ratio is 1: 10 and the elution time is 12 h. When the ratio of solid to liquid is 1: 10 and the elution time is 18 h, the better elution rate can be obtained by once eluting the tailings. 1.0mol L-1 is FeCl _ 3, the ratio of solid to liquid is 1: 15, and the elution time is 12 h. The better elution rate can be obtained by twice eluting the tailings, and the elution efficiency of the compound eluant is higher than that of the single eluant. The synergistic effect of high concentration EDTA-FeCl _ 3 and HClTa-HNO _ 3 was weakened or even antagonized, which indicated that the higher the concentration of eluent was, the better the elution effect was. The removal efficiency of each heavy metal by synthesizing the compound eluent is the best. HNO _ 3-FeCl _ 3 has the best effect on the treatment of each heavy metal. In general, the combined eluent has a better removal effect on heavy metals in tailings. Compared with soil, tailings contain more heavy metals and form more stable, which is not too harsh for the change of physical and chemical properties, so it has a good prospect to remediate heavy metals in tailings by leaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X75
本文編號：2132122
[Abstract]:China is a big mining country, the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources not only greatly promote the economic development, but also bring a lot of environmental pollution problems. These problems are mainly caused by a large number of heavy metal pollutants in the tailings. Tailings is one of the wastes of mining smelting. Its stacking not only occupies the land resources, but also pollutes the surrounding environment, which results in the deterioration of soil quality in the mining area and surrounding areas, the destruction of the normal function of the ecosystem and the harm to human health. In this paper, the chemical leaching and remediation technology of the tailings from a lead and zinc mine in Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province, was studied. It mainly includes the following two aspects: first, the change of heavy metal removal rate with leaching conditions and the optimum conditions of different eluents; second, the study on the leaching efficiency of heavy metals in tailings. In this paper, the effects of single eluent on heavy metals were studied by means of shock elution, the optimum conditions of several eluents with better elution effect were found out, and the elution efficiency of complex eluents for heavy metals was investigated. The optimum concentration ratio of each compound eluant is obtained to provide reference for the practical treatment of polymetallic tailings. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in lead-zinc tailings was very high, and the contents of total Pb, Zn, CD and as exceeded the standard of soil environmental quality. The contents of seven heavy metals, such as Pb and CD, Cu in the soil, exceeded the background values of the soil heavy metals in the sampling sites. By BCR speciation analysis, it was found that the bioavailability of Cochon Pb was high, the residual state content of as and Zn was very high, the activity was weak, and the activity was relatively stable. Among the six eluents, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and EDTA had the best effect, and the amount of heavy metals eluted was significantly higher than that of other eluents. The removal efficiency of several heavy metals in FeCl _ 3, (NH _ 4SO _ 4) _ 2 and CaCl _ 2 solutions was lower. For this elution experiment, the concentration of eluant has the greatest influence on the leaching efficiency of metals, followed by the ratio of solid to liquid and the time, and the relative number of times of leaching has little effect. By optimizing the conditions, synthesizing the cost, the amount of the eluent and the actual operating quantity of several kinds of eluent such as HCl HNO3 / EDTAFeCl3, the results show that the concentration of HCl-1 is 1: 10 and the elution time is 6 hours at the solid-liquid ratio of 1: 10, and the eluent time is 6 hours at the ratio of solid to liquid. A better leaching rate of HNO _ 3 of 0.1 mol L ~ (-1) can be obtained by one elution of tailings, and the better leaching rate can be obtained when the solid-liquid ratio is 1: 10 and the elution time is 12 h. When the ratio of solid to liquid is 1: 10 and the elution time is 18 h, the better elution rate can be obtained by once eluting the tailings. 1.0mol L-1 is FeCl _ 3, the ratio of solid to liquid is 1: 15, and the elution time is 12 h. The better elution rate can be obtained by twice eluting the tailings, and the elution efficiency of the compound eluant is higher than that of the single eluant. The synergistic effect of high concentration EDTA-FeCl _ 3 and HClTa-HNO _ 3 was weakened or even antagonized, which indicated that the higher the concentration of eluent was, the better the elution effect was. The removal efficiency of each heavy metal by synthesizing the compound eluent is the best. HNO _ 3-FeCl _ 3 has the best effect on the treatment of each heavy metal. In general, the combined eluent has a better removal effect on heavy metals in tailings. Compared with soil, tailings contain more heavy metals and form more stable, which is not too harsh for the change of physical and chemical properties, so it has a good prospect to remediate heavy metals in tailings by leaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X75
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，本文編號：2132122
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