微生物復(fù)合及固定化處理景觀水體污染的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-18 13:01
【摘要】：景觀水在城市建設(shè)中起著畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用,但由于其水域面積小、流動(dòng)性差和自凈能力不足等特點(diǎn),更易產(chǎn)生富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化等污染。目前普遍使用的景觀水處理方法是生物法,而微生物處理方法是當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外迅速興起的一種高效率、低成本的景觀水處理方法。已知枯草芽孢桿菌在好氧條件下可以將大分子有機(jī)物分解為簡(jiǎn)單有機(jī)物為好氧反硝化細(xì)菌提供還原硝酸鹽所需的碳源和氮源,而光合細(xì)菌在厭氧條件下又可以將水中剩余的氨氮去除,所以本研究首先利用三種高效微生物進(jìn)行了分階段順序處理,為進(jìn)一步提高污染物去除率,又將這三種菌復(fù)合固定化,從而探索了一種能有效用于微污染景觀水處理的方法。本研究從自然環(huán)境中分離并篩選出能夠有效和針對(duì)性去除水體污染物的微生物,根據(jù)不同環(huán)境因素對(duì)去除能力的影響,確定了最優(yōu)環(huán)境條件；為了進(jìn)一步提高凈化效果,在好氧條件下接種枯草芽孢桿菌和好氧反硝化細(xì)菌,待水體中的大分子物質(zhì)降解后再于厭氧條件下加入光合細(xì)菌去除氨氮；然后將三種不同微生物進(jìn)行兩菌株和三菌株的組合,以探索復(fù)合微生物對(duì)實(shí)際景觀水體污染物的去除效果。同時(shí),為了延長(zhǎng)微生物在污染物去除過(guò)程中的作用時(shí)間,并保持較高的降解活性,利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸鈉(SA)對(duì)微生物進(jìn)行了包埋固定化,將固定化后的好氧微生物小球投入采集的實(shí)際景觀水體中,振蕩培養(yǎng)一段時(shí)間后加入?yún)捬跷⑸镄∏蜢o置培養(yǎng),以研究固定化微生物小球?qū)?shí)際污染水體中污染物的去除作用。全文的主要結(jié)論如下：1、三種高效優(yōu)勢(shì)菌的篩選與菌種鑒定從自然界中分離、篩選并經(jīng)分子生物學(xué)鑒定分析,確定三種高效優(yōu)勢(shì)菌分別為：沼澤紅假單胞菌(Psb2),施氏假單胞菌(D-3)和枯草芽孢桿菌(K-9)。2、三種高效優(yōu)勢(shì)菌對(duì)模擬水體污染物的去除效果菌株P(guān)sb2對(duì)五種不同景觀水體中氨氮的去除率在35%-95.88%之間,說(shuō)明Psb2能夠高效去除景觀水體中的氨氮。菌株D-3接種至反硝化性能測(cè)定培養(yǎng)基中,培養(yǎng)5天后,總氮濃度由12415 mg·L-1降至55.39mg·L-1,去除率為55.4%；而硝酸鹽濃度由120.15mg ·L-1降至2.67mg·L-1去除率達(dá)97.78%；亞硝酸鹽濃度呈現(xiàn)“先升高,后降低”的趨勢(shì),但始終處在較低水平。菌株K-9接種至模擬微污染水體,培養(yǎng)7d后,有機(jī)物濃度由30021mg·L-1降至32.0mg·L-1,去除率達(dá)89.3%；總氮濃度由1504mg·L-1降至1242mg·L-1;而硝酸鹽濃度由5.11mgL-1降低到299mg·L-1,去除率為41.5%；亞硝酸鹽濃度始終維持在較低水平。3、不同環(huán)境因素對(duì)好氧反硝化作用的影響不同碳源、接種量、初始pH、碳氮比(C/N)、轉(zhuǎn)速以及溫度等對(duì)菌株D-3的生長(zhǎng)和反硝化能力均有顯著影響。結(jié)果表明：菌株D-3反硝化能力最強(qiáng)時(shí)的接種量為1%(V/V),最佳初始pH值為7.0,最佳碳源為丁二酸鈉,最佳C/N為12,總氮和硝酸鹽去除率最大時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)速為120rpm,最佳溫度為30。C。4、復(fù)合微生物對(duì)實(shí)際景觀水體污染物的去除效果將三株優(yōu)勢(shì)菌進(jìn)行單菌株(Psb2, D-3, K-9)、兩菌株(P+K, D+K, D+P)、三菌株(P+D+K)組合,先將D-3、K-9以及不含Psb2的組合投加到采集的實(shí)際水樣中振蕩培養(yǎng),Psb2靜止光照培養(yǎng),三天后在上述組合中加入Psb2,繼續(xù)光照靜止培養(yǎng)3天后測(cè)定污染物含量,結(jié)果表明：復(fù)合菌株處理后的總氮(TN)濃度低于單菌株處理且顯著低于對(duì)照濃度,單菌株對(duì)實(shí)際水體中總磷(TP)和硝酸鹽(N03-)的去除無(wú)顯著影響,但經(jīng)復(fù)合后對(duì)TP的去除率顯著增加；菌株K-9對(duì)亞硝酸鹽(N02-)幾乎無(wú)去除,而組合P+D+K的去除率明顯高于其它組合；無(wú)論是單菌株還是組合菌株對(duì)氨氮(NH4+)的去除效果都較好,而對(duì)有機(jī)物(COD)的降解都不高,總之,組合后的菌株對(duì)水體六種污染物的去除效果顯著優(yōu)于單菌株。5、固定化微生物對(duì)實(shí)際景觀水體污染物的去除效果實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明固定化小球最佳成分配比為：聚乙烯醇(PVA)濃度10%(m/v),海藻酸鈉(SA)濃度3%(m/v),CaCl2濃度2%(m/v)。取1mL(1×108cfu.mL-1)濕菌體制備包埋小球,先將好氧微生物小球放入采集的實(shí)際水樣中進(jìn)行振蕩處理,三天后加入?yún)捬跷⑸镄∏蚶^續(xù)光照靜止培養(yǎng)三天,測(cè)定水體污染物含量。結(jié)果表明：無(wú)論是單菌株還是復(fù)合菌株經(jīng)固定化后對(duì)六種污染物的去除率都顯著高于游離菌株,組合P+D+K對(duì)TN的去除效果最好,其去除率為60.6%,七種固定化微生物小球?qū)P的去除效果相差不大,但復(fù)合后的小球其去除率比單菌株稍高；菌株P(guān)sb2與K-9對(duì)N03-的去除率較低,其余小球相差不大,其中組合P+D+K去除率高達(dá)60.1%；七種小球能有效降低NO2和NH4+濃度,而對(duì)COD的降解較差,但與游離微生物相比,其COD降解率顯著增加。
[Abstract]:Landscape water plays a very important role in urban construction, but because of its small area, poor fluidity and lack of self purification ability, it is easier to produce eutrophication and other pollution. At present, the commonly used method of landscape water treatment is biological method, and the method of microbial treatment is a kind of high efficiency and low cost which is rapidly rising in the former country and abroad. It is known that Bacillus subtilis can decompose macromolecule organic matter into simple organic matter under aerobic conditions for aerobic denitrifying bacteria to provide carbon source and nitrogen source for reducing nitrate, while photosynthetic bacteria can remove the remaining ammonia and nitrogen in water under anaerobic conditions, so this study first uses three kinds of high levels. In order to further improve the removal rate of pollutants, the three kinds of bacteria were immobilized in order to further improve the removal rate of the contaminants. Thus, a method which can effectively be used in the treatment of micro polluted landscape water was explored. In order to further improve the purification effect, we inoculate Bacillus subtilis and aerobic denitrifying bacteria under aerobic conditions, and then add photosynthetic bacteria to remove ammonia nitrogen under anaerobic conditions after the degradation of the macromolecular substance in the water body, and then carry out the three different microbes in order to further improve the purification effect. The combination of two strains and three strains to explore the effect of Compound Microorganism on the removal of pollutants in the actual landscape water. At the same time, in order to prolong the action time of microorganism in the process of pollutant removal and maintain high degradation activity, the microorganism was immobilized and immobilized by PVA and SA. The aerobic microorganism pellets were put into the actual landscape water body, and after a period of time, the anaerobic microorganism pellets were cultured in order to study the removal effect of the immobilized microorganism pellets on the pollutants in the actual polluted water. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, the screening of three kinds of highly effective bacteria and the identification of the bacteria from the natural world Separation, screening and molecular biological identification, three highly effective bacteria were identified as Psb2, Pseudomonas sp. (D-3) and Bacillus subtilis (K-9).2, and three highly effective bacteria were used to remove pollutants from simulated water pollutants, Psb2, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in five different landscape water bodies was 35%-95.88 Between%, Psb2 can effectively remove ammonia nitrogen in the landscape water. Strain D-3 inoculated to the denitrification performance culture medium. After 5 days, the total nitrogen concentration decreased from 12415 mg. L-1 to 55.39mg. L-1, the removal rate was 55.4%, while the nitrate concentration from 120.15mg L-1 to 2.67mg L-1 removal rate was 97.78%; the nitrite concentration showed "first". When the strain K-9 was inoculated to the simulated micro polluted water, the concentration of organic matter decreased from 30021mg to L-1 to 32.0mg. L-1, the removal rate was 89.3%, and the concentration of total nitrogen was reduced from 1504mg. L-1 to 1242mg L-1, while the concentration of nitrate decreased from 5.11mgL-1 to 299mg. The removal rate was 41.5%; nitrite was 41.5%. The concentration of acid salt remained at a lower level of.3, and the effects of different environmental factors on aerobic denitrification were different from carbon sources. The inoculation amount, initial pH, carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N), rotational speed and temperature had significant influence on the growth and denitrification ability of strain D-3. The results showed that the inoculation amount of the strain D-3 denitrification was 1% (V/V), the best initial stage. The initial pH value is 7, the best carbon source is sodium succinate, the best C/N is 12, the speed of the total nitrogen and nitrate removal rate is 120rpm, the optimum temperature is 30.C.4. The removal effect of the compound microorganism on the actual landscape water pollutants will be three strains of bacteria (Psb2, D-3, K-9), two strains (P+K, D+K, D+P), three strains (P+D+K) combination, first will D-3, K-9 and non Psb2 combination were added to the actual water samples collected by oscillating culture, Psb2 still illumination was cultured. After three days, Psb2 was added to the above combination, and the content of pollutants was determined after 3 days of light still culture. The results showed that the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) after treatment of the compound strain was lower than that of single strain and significantly lower than the control concentration. The strain had no significant effect on the removal of total phosphorus (TP) and nitrate (N03-) in the actual water body, but the removal rate of TP was significantly increased after the combination, and the strain K-9 had almost no removal of nitrite (N02-), while the removal rate of combined P+D+K was significantly higher than that of other combinations, and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) was better than that of single strain or combination strain. The degradation of organic matter (COD) was not high. In a word, the effect of the combined strain on the removal of six pollutants was significantly better than that of single strain.5. The experimental results of the removal effect of immobilized microorganisms on the actual landscape water pollutants showed that the optimum composition of the immobilized microspheres was as follows: the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was 10% (m/v), and the concentration of sodium alginate (SA) was strong. Degree 3% (m/v), CaCl2 concentration 2% (m/v). Take 1mL (1 x 108cfu.mL-1) wet bacteria system to prepare the pellet. First, the aerobic microorganism ball is put into the actual water sample to be oscillated. After three days, the anaerobic microorganism ball is added to the light still for three days to determine the content of the water pollutants. The results show that the single strain or the compound bacteria is a single strain. The removal rate of six kinds of pollutants was significantly higher than that of the free strain. The removal efficiency of TN was best by combination P+D+K, and the removal rate was 60.6%. The removal efficiency of seven immobilized microorganism pellets had little difference, but the removal rate of the pellets was slightly higher than that of the single strain, and the removal rate of N03- was lower than that of the strain Psb2 and K-9. Yu Xiaoqiu has little difference, of which the removal rate of combination P+D+K is as high as 60.1%, and seven kinds of pellets can effectively reduce the concentration of NO2 and NH4+, but the degradation of COD is poor, but the degradation rate of COD is significantly increased compared with the free microorganism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52;X172
本文編號(hào)：2131978
[Abstract]:Landscape water plays a very important role in urban construction, but because of its small area, poor fluidity and lack of self purification ability, it is easier to produce eutrophication and other pollution. At present, the commonly used method of landscape water treatment is biological method, and the method of microbial treatment is a kind of high efficiency and low cost which is rapidly rising in the former country and abroad. It is known that Bacillus subtilis can decompose macromolecule organic matter into simple organic matter under aerobic conditions for aerobic denitrifying bacteria to provide carbon source and nitrogen source for reducing nitrate, while photosynthetic bacteria can remove the remaining ammonia and nitrogen in water under anaerobic conditions, so this study first uses three kinds of high levels. In order to further improve the removal rate of pollutants, the three kinds of bacteria were immobilized in order to further improve the removal rate of the contaminants. Thus, a method which can effectively be used in the treatment of micro polluted landscape water was explored. In order to further improve the purification effect, we inoculate Bacillus subtilis and aerobic denitrifying bacteria under aerobic conditions, and then add photosynthetic bacteria to remove ammonia nitrogen under anaerobic conditions after the degradation of the macromolecular substance in the water body, and then carry out the three different microbes in order to further improve the purification effect. The combination of two strains and three strains to explore the effect of Compound Microorganism on the removal of pollutants in the actual landscape water. At the same time, in order to prolong the action time of microorganism in the process of pollutant removal and maintain high degradation activity, the microorganism was immobilized and immobilized by PVA and SA. The aerobic microorganism pellets were put into the actual landscape water body, and after a period of time, the anaerobic microorganism pellets were cultured in order to study the removal effect of the immobilized microorganism pellets on the pollutants in the actual polluted water. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, the screening of three kinds of highly effective bacteria and the identification of the bacteria from the natural world Separation, screening and molecular biological identification, three highly effective bacteria were identified as Psb2, Pseudomonas sp. (D-3) and Bacillus subtilis (K-9).2, and three highly effective bacteria were used to remove pollutants from simulated water pollutants, Psb2, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in five different landscape water bodies was 35%-95.88 Between%, Psb2 can effectively remove ammonia nitrogen in the landscape water. Strain D-3 inoculated to the denitrification performance culture medium. After 5 days, the total nitrogen concentration decreased from 12415 mg. L-1 to 55.39mg. L-1, the removal rate was 55.4%, while the nitrate concentration from 120.15mg L-1 to 2.67mg L-1 removal rate was 97.78%; the nitrite concentration showed "first". When the strain K-9 was inoculated to the simulated micro polluted water, the concentration of organic matter decreased from 30021mg to L-1 to 32.0mg. L-1, the removal rate was 89.3%, and the concentration of total nitrogen was reduced from 1504mg. L-1 to 1242mg L-1, while the concentration of nitrate decreased from 5.11mgL-1 to 299mg. The removal rate was 41.5%; nitrite was 41.5%. The concentration of acid salt remained at a lower level of.3, and the effects of different environmental factors on aerobic denitrification were different from carbon sources. The inoculation amount, initial pH, carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N), rotational speed and temperature had significant influence on the growth and denitrification ability of strain D-3. The results showed that the inoculation amount of the strain D-3 denitrification was 1% (V/V), the best initial stage. The initial pH value is 7, the best carbon source is sodium succinate, the best C/N is 12, the speed of the total nitrogen and nitrate removal rate is 120rpm, the optimum temperature is 30.C.4. The removal effect of the compound microorganism on the actual landscape water pollutants will be three strains of bacteria (Psb2, D-3, K-9), two strains (P+K, D+K, D+P), three strains (P+D+K) combination, first will D-3, K-9 and non Psb2 combination were added to the actual water samples collected by oscillating culture, Psb2 still illumination was cultured. After three days, Psb2 was added to the above combination, and the content of pollutants was determined after 3 days of light still culture. The results showed that the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) after treatment of the compound strain was lower than that of single strain and significantly lower than the control concentration. The strain had no significant effect on the removal of total phosphorus (TP) and nitrate (N03-) in the actual water body, but the removal rate of TP was significantly increased after the combination, and the strain K-9 had almost no removal of nitrite (N02-), while the removal rate of combined P+D+K was significantly higher than that of other combinations, and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) was better than that of single strain or combination strain. The degradation of organic matter (COD) was not high. In a word, the effect of the combined strain on the removal of six pollutants was significantly better than that of single strain.5. The experimental results of the removal effect of immobilized microorganisms on the actual landscape water pollutants showed that the optimum composition of the immobilized microspheres was as follows: the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was 10% (m/v), and the concentration of sodium alginate (SA) was strong. Degree 3% (m/v), CaCl2 concentration 2% (m/v). Take 1mL (1 x 108cfu.mL-1) wet bacteria system to prepare the pellet. First, the aerobic microorganism ball is put into the actual water sample to be oscillated. After three days, the anaerobic microorganism ball is added to the light still for three days to determine the content of the water pollutants. The results show that the single strain or the compound bacteria is a single strain. The removal rate of six kinds of pollutants was significantly higher than that of the free strain. The removal efficiency of TN was best by combination P+D+K, and the removal rate was 60.6%. The removal efficiency of seven immobilized microorganism pellets had little difference, but the removal rate of the pellets was slightly higher than that of the single strain, and the removal rate of N03- was lower than that of the strain Psb2 and K-9. Yu Xiaoqiu has little difference, of which the removal rate of combination P+D+K is as high as 60.1%, and seven kinds of pellets can effectively reduce the concentration of NO2 and NH4+, but the degradation of COD is poor, but the degradation rate of COD is significantly increased compared with the free microorganism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52;X172
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 王菲鳳,劉文偉;應(yīng)用光合細(xì)菌處理味精廢水[J];福建環(huán)境;1999年02期
2 王毛蘭;周文斌;胡春華;;鄱陽(yáng)湖區(qū)水體氮、磷污染狀況分析[J];湖泊科學(xué);2008年03期
3 孫榮高,彭學(xué)蘭,王秉潔,胡景輝,王雅民;EM制劑在凈化污水和養(yǎng)豬上的應(yīng)用試驗(yàn)[J];甘肅環(huán)境研究與監(jiān)測(cè);2000年03期
4 賈培;鄧旭;;光合細(xì)菌處理重金屬?gòu)U水的研究進(jìn)展[J];工業(yè)水處理;2011年01期
5 唐德仁,付杰榮,鄒水洋;EM技術(shù)在糖廠廢水處理中的應(yīng)用及評(píng)估[J];甘蔗糖業(yè);2001年02期
6 趙玲,張之源;復(fù)合SBR系統(tǒng)中同步硝化反硝化現(xiàn)象及其脫氮效果[J];工業(yè)用水與廢水;2002年02期
7 何延青,劉俊良,楊平,高永;微生物固定化技術(shù)與載體結(jié)構(gòu)的研究[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2004年S1期
8 吳為中,黃曉冬,王占生;某市受污染水源水處理工藝評(píng)價(jià)與飲用水凈化工藝試驗(yàn)[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);1999年03期
9 陳元彩,藍(lán)惠霞,陳中豪;固定化好氧菌和厭氧顆粒污泥在不同供氧條件下降解氯酚的研究[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2005年02期
10 沈錦玉,尹文林,劉問,沈智華,錢冬,曹錚,吳穎蕾;光合細(xì)菌HZPSB對(duì)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖水質(zhì)的改良和對(duì)魚類促生長(zhǎng)作用[J];科技通報(bào);2004年06期
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條
1 高珊珊;好氧反硝化菌的篩選及反硝化性能研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2007年
2 張姍姍;枯草芽孢桿菌的固定化及其凈水效果的研究[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2008年
3 何春華;光合細(xì)菌的分離鑒定和生長(zhǎng)條件優(yōu)化及應(yīng)用初探[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2009年
，本文編號(hào)：2131978
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/huanjinggongchenglunwen/2131978.html
最近更新
教材專著
