【摘要】：改革開放以來,我國工業(yè)化程度不斷提高的同時,忽略環(huán)境保護的弊端也越發(fā)明顯。近些年,許多典型的重大環(huán)境群體性事件頻繁發(fā)生,現(xiàn)代社會沖突中的環(huán)保因素日益凸顯。關(guān)注環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的公平正義問題,謹防環(huán)保因素成為新的社會沖突根源已經(jīng)成為國內(nèi)外學(xué)者及立法關(guān)注的重點。有別于一般的群體性事件,因環(huán)境問題引發(fā)的群體性事件涉及的范圍廣、參與人員身份復(fù)雜,而且對抗程度明顯高于其他群體性事件,現(xiàn)實中已成為引發(fā)社會矛盾,影響經(jīng)濟、制約社會、涉及政治的重大問題,導(dǎo)致政府在處理類似事件時并不能運用常規(guī)的方法。環(huán)境友好型社會并非是一個沒有矛盾、沖突和糾紛的社會,而是一個能夠妥善化解各種矛盾、沖突和糾紛的社會,在此意義上,環(huán)境群體性事件解決機制的構(gòu)建是環(huán)境友好型社會建設(shè)的應(yīng)有之義。本文結(jié)合著環(huán)境群體性事件的相關(guān)概念及現(xiàn)實分析,結(jié)合我國立法應(yīng)對能力現(xiàn)狀,嘗試對我國環(huán)境群體性事件解決的法治化對策作出探討,其內(nèi)容主要涉及以下幾個部分:第一部分,闡述了環(huán)境群體性事件的基本概念及特征。在該部分中,首先簡單概括了環(huán)境群體性事件的基本概念。其中,從公共管理學(xué)和社會學(xué)兩方面解釋了有關(guān)群體性事件的一般概念,進而引出環(huán)境群體性事件與一般的群體性事件的不同之處。其次,分別從事件多發(fā),組織性強,矛盾激烈等三方面具體解釋了環(huán)境群體性事件的性質(zhì)。第二部分,闡述了我國環(huán)境群體性事件的基本現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢。近些年來,我國的環(huán)境群體性事件呈現(xiàn)規(guī)模逐漸擴大,參與人數(shù)也逐漸增多,并大體呈現(xiàn)從中部向西部轉(zhuǎn)移,城市向農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移的趨勢。并由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及,使得該類事件傳播迅速,模仿性強,從而使政府采取相應(yīng)對策的難度加大。另外,環(huán)境群體化事件產(chǎn)生的原因在于環(huán)境污染的急劇加重,地方政府片面的追求經(jīng)濟效益從而忽視環(huán)境問題,但公民的環(huán)境意識逐漸提高,從而導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境群體性事件的大幅度爆發(fā)。第三部分,從積極和消極兩方面分析我國應(yīng)對近年突發(fā)的環(huán)境群體性事件的具體對策,具體涉及法律體系、制度供給等方面。第四部分,對未來我國應(yīng)對環(huán)境群體性事件的法治化對策完善進行分析。重點是圍繞著政府,社會公民和民間組織等方面進行分析,如政府需要切實轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式、健全國家法治環(huán)境等方面來應(yīng)對環(huán)境群體性事件;企業(yè)或者社會其他組織需要進一步完善環(huán)境責(zé)任保險制度、建立合理的環(huán)境損害賠償基金制度、完善環(huán)境保護公眾參與機制等。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the degree of industrialization in China has been increasing, and the disadvantages of ignoring environmental protection have become more and more obvious. In recent years, many typical major environmental group events occur frequently, and environmental protection factors in modern social conflicts become increasingly prominent. It has become the focus of scholars and legislation at home and abroad to pay attention to the issue of fairness and justice in the field of environment and to guard against environmental factors becoming the new source of social conflict. Different from the general group events, the group events caused by environmental problems involve a wide range, the identity of the participants is complex, and the degree of confrontation is obviously higher than other group events. In reality, it has become a social contradiction and affected the economy. Social constraints and major political issues have led the government to deal with similar events in a way that does not apply conventional methods. An environment-friendly society is not a society without contradictions, conflicts and disputes, but one that can properly resolve conflicts, conflicts and disputes. The construction of environmental group event resolution mechanism is the necessary meaning of environmental friendly society construction. Based on the concept and reality analysis of environmental group events and the current situation of our country's legislative response ability, this paper attempts to explore the legal countermeasures for solving environmental group incidents in China. The main contents are as follows: the first part expounds the basic concept and characteristics of environmental group events. In this part, the basic concept of environmental group events is briefly summarized. Among them, the general concept of group events is explained from two aspects of public management and sociology, and the difference between environmental group events and general group events is derived. Secondly, it explains the nature of environmental group events from three aspects: frequent events, strong organization and intense contradictions. The second part, elaborated our country environment group event basic present situation and the development tendency. In recent years, the scale of environmental group events in China has gradually expanded, and the number of participants has gradually increased, and the general trend of transfer from central to western and urban to rural areas. Because of the popularization of network, this kind of events spread rapidly and imitated strongly, which made it more difficult for the government to take corresponding countermeasures. In addition, the causes of environmental agglomeration are the sharp aggravation of environmental pollution, the local governments' one-sided pursuit of economic benefits and the neglect of environmental problems, but citizens' environmental awareness is gradually increasing. As a result, environmental mass events erupt by a large margin. The third part, from the positive and negative aspects of the analysis of China's response to the unexpected environmental mass events in recent years, the specific countermeasures, including the legal system, system supply and so on. The fourth part analyzes the countermeasures of environmental group events in the future. Focus on the government, social citizens and civil organizations to analyze, such as the government needs to change the mode of economic development, improve the national legal environment and other aspects to deal with environmental group incidents; Enterprises or other social organizations need to further improve the environmental liability insurance system, establish a reasonable environmental damage compensation fund system, improve the mechanism of public participation in environmental protection, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D922.68;D631.43

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