次氯酸鈉氧化降解水楊酸的反應(yīng)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-14 08:35
【摘要】：近年來藥品和個(gè)人護(hù)理用品(PPCPs)類污染物向環(huán)境中的排放量越來越大,而傳統(tǒng)污水處理的工藝對(duì)這類污染物的降解效果并不明顯,導(dǎo)致了PPCPs類物質(zhì)在水體環(huán)境的中的含量一直在增長,呈現(xiàn)出了一種假持續(xù)性現(xiàn)象,從而受到了人們的關(guān)注。水楊酸具有許多藥理作用,可以消炎抗菌,可以作為防腐劑,在醫(yī)藥和化妝品等行業(yè)中被廣泛的使用,目前于多種水環(huán)境中均已檢測出水楊酸類的污染物。水楊酸對(duì)眼睛有刺激性,皮膚如果持續(xù)性的接觸到高濃度水楊酸可能會(huì)被灼傷,短時(shí)間內(nèi)反復(fù)接觸水楊酸也可能引發(fā)皮炎。水楊酸也可以刺激人體呼吸系統(tǒng),引發(fā)咳嗽或著肺部和胸部的不適;當(dāng)人體攝入水楊酸時(shí),會(huì)對(duì)腸胃與粘膜產(chǎn)生刺激;水楊酸可以和機(jī)體內(nèi)的白蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)生反應(yīng),引發(fā)水楊酸中毒,導(dǎo)致腎損害等。次氯酸鈉是一種具有強(qiáng)氧化性的氧化劑,使用方便安全,易于儲(chǔ)存,被廣泛的用于有機(jī)物氧化和污水消毒。本文主要探討次氯酸鈉氧化水楊酸的降解反應(yīng),以及反應(yīng)的影響因素和產(chǎn)物毒性。本文研究了以次氯酸鈉作為氧化劑來氧化水楊酸的氧化降解效果,結(jié)果顯示,次氯酸鈉可以有效地氧化降解水楊酸。分別以水楊酸與次氯酸鈉作為單一變量時(shí),次氯酸鈉氧化去除水楊酸的反應(yīng)均顯示為假一級(jí)反應(yīng),既其氧化過程可以近似的看作符合二級(jí)反應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。增大次氯酸鈉有效氯的濃度有利于加快反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行,然而增大水楊酸的濃度,表觀反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)會(huì)減小。p H對(duì)該反應(yīng)有著非常大的影響,反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)會(huì)隨著p H值的減小而增大。反應(yīng)體系的溫度對(duì)于整個(gè)反應(yīng)的過程有著較大的影響,其影響符合范特霍夫規(guī)則,次氯酸鈉氧化降解水楊酸反應(yīng)的表觀活化能Ea=43.22 k J·mol-1,反應(yīng)溫度越高,氧化降解去除效果越好。通過測定反應(yīng)過程的TOC發(fā)現(xiàn),水楊酸被次氯酸鈉氧化降解生成CO2、H2O以及一部分難以礦化的有機(jī)物。明亮發(fā)光桿菌的毒性測試,其結(jié)果表明,在整個(gè)反應(yīng)的過程中,反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的毒性是在不斷變化的,初始樣品的抑制率高,毒性最強(qiáng);,反應(yīng)進(jìn)行到最后,抑制率很低,毒性很小;中間過程中隨著時(shí)間的推移毒性的強(qiáng)弱會(huì)產(chǎn)生波動(dòng)。論文同時(shí)還研究了水中共存物質(zhì)對(duì)次氯酸鈉氧化水楊酸的影響。結(jié)果表明,亞硝酸根離子會(huì)同次氯酸鈉發(fā)生反應(yīng),從而降低水楊酸的降解反應(yīng),水楊酸的降解速率隨著NO2-濃度的增加而減慢。鋅離子和硫酸根離子以及吐溫-80對(duì)于該反應(yīng)沒有明顯效果,基本上不影響反應(yīng)的降解速率。銅離子和溴離子可以影響該反應(yīng),當(dāng)溶液中含有一定濃度的銅離子和溴離子時(shí),反應(yīng)速率會(huì)加快,且反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)隨著Cu2+和Br-濃度的增加而增大。腐殖酸的存在會(huì)抑制次氯酸鈉氧化水楊酸的反應(yīng),且抑制效果隨著其濃度的增大而增加。十二烷基苯磺酸鈉(SDBS)對(duì)于此反應(yīng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的影響:在低濃度范圍內(nèi)的SDBS可以促進(jìn)次氯酸鈉氧化水楊酸的反應(yīng),反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)會(huì)隨著SDBS的濃度的升高而變大,在SDBS濃度達(dá)到一定的大小后,其對(duì)反應(yīng)的促進(jìn)效果會(huì)減小甚至沒有促進(jìn)效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the emission of drugs and personal care products (PPCPs) pollutants to the environment is increasing, and the degradation effect of traditional sewage treatment technology is not obvious, which leads to the increase in the content of PPCPs in the water environment. Salicylic acid has many pharmacological effects. It can be used as antiseptic and antiseptic. It can be used as a preservative and is widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The salicylic acid has been detected in a variety of water environment. Salicylic acid is irritating to the eyes. If the skin is continuously exposed to high concentration of salicylic acid, it may be burned. Injury, repeated exposure to salicylic acid in a short time may also cause dermatitis. Salicylic acid also stimulates the body's respiratory system, triggers a cough or discomfort in the lungs and chest; when the body takes in salicylic acid, it stimulates the stomach and mucous membrane; salicylic acid can react with white egg white matter in the body and cause salicylic acid poisoning and cause kidney damage. Sodium hypochlorite is a kind of oxidizing agent with strong oxidation. It is easy to use, safe and easy to store. It is widely used in organic oxidation and sewage disinfection. This paper mainly discusses the degradation reaction of sodium hypochlorite oxidation salicylic acid, the influence factors of the reaction and the toxicity of the product. This paper studies the oxidation of water with sodium hypochlorite as an oxidizing agent. The results of oxidation degradation of salicylic acid show that sodium hypochlorite can effectively oxidize and degrade salicylic acid. When salicylic acid and sodium hypochlorite are used as a single variable, the reaction of sodium hypochlorite to salicylic acid by oxidizing sodium hypochlorite is a pseudo first order reaction, and the oxidation process can be considered approximately as a kinetic model conforming to the two stage reaction. The concentration of the effective chlorine of sodium hypochlorite is beneficial to the acceleration of the reaction. However, increasing the concentration of salicylic acid, the apparent reaction rate constant decreases the effect of.P H on the reaction, and the reaction rate constant will increase with the decrease of the P H value. In accordance with the van t Hof rule, the apparent activation energy of the reaction of salicylic acid by sodium hypochlorite is Ea=43.22 K J. Mol-1, the higher the reaction temperature, the better the effect of oxidation degradation. By the determination of the TOC of the reaction process, the salicylic acid is oxidized and degraded by sodium hypochlorite to produce CO2, H2O, and a part of the organic matter which is hard to mineralized. The toxicity test shows that the toxicity of the reaction system is constantly changing during the whole reaction process, the inhibition rate of the initial sample is high and the toxicity is the strongest. The inhibition rate is very low and the toxicity is very small at the end of the reaction. In the middle process, the toxicity of the reaction will fluctuate with time. The paper also studies the coexistence in the water. The effect of the quality on sodium hypochlorite oxidation of salicylic acid showed that the nitrite ion would react with sodium chlorate, thus reducing the degradation reaction of salicylic acid. The degradation rate of salicylic acid slowed with the increase of NO2- concentration. Zinc ions and sulfate ions and Twain -80 had no obvious effect on the reaction, and basically did not affect the reaction. The degradation rate. Copper ions and bromine ions can affect the reaction. When the solution contains a certain concentration of copper ions and bromine ions, the reaction rate increases, and the reaction rate constant increases with the increase of Cu2+ and Br- concentration. The addition of twelve alkyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) has a certain effect on this reaction: the SDBS in the low concentration range can promote the reaction of sodium hypochlorite oxide salicylic acid. The reaction rate constant will increase with the increase of the concentration of SDBS, and the effect on the reaction will be reduced after the concentration of SDBS is reached to a certain size. It doesn't even promote the effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703
本文編號(hào)：2121080
[Abstract]:In recent years, the emission of drugs and personal care products (PPCPs) pollutants to the environment is increasing, and the degradation effect of traditional sewage treatment technology is not obvious, which leads to the increase in the content of PPCPs in the water environment. Salicylic acid has many pharmacological effects. It can be used as antiseptic and antiseptic. It can be used as a preservative and is widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The salicylic acid has been detected in a variety of water environment. Salicylic acid is irritating to the eyes. If the skin is continuously exposed to high concentration of salicylic acid, it may be burned. Injury, repeated exposure to salicylic acid in a short time may also cause dermatitis. Salicylic acid also stimulates the body's respiratory system, triggers a cough or discomfort in the lungs and chest; when the body takes in salicylic acid, it stimulates the stomach and mucous membrane; salicylic acid can react with white egg white matter in the body and cause salicylic acid poisoning and cause kidney damage. Sodium hypochlorite is a kind of oxidizing agent with strong oxidation. It is easy to use, safe and easy to store. It is widely used in organic oxidation and sewage disinfection. This paper mainly discusses the degradation reaction of sodium hypochlorite oxidation salicylic acid, the influence factors of the reaction and the toxicity of the product. This paper studies the oxidation of water with sodium hypochlorite as an oxidizing agent. The results of oxidation degradation of salicylic acid show that sodium hypochlorite can effectively oxidize and degrade salicylic acid. When salicylic acid and sodium hypochlorite are used as a single variable, the reaction of sodium hypochlorite to salicylic acid by oxidizing sodium hypochlorite is a pseudo first order reaction, and the oxidation process can be considered approximately as a kinetic model conforming to the two stage reaction. The concentration of the effective chlorine of sodium hypochlorite is beneficial to the acceleration of the reaction. However, increasing the concentration of salicylic acid, the apparent reaction rate constant decreases the effect of.P H on the reaction, and the reaction rate constant will increase with the decrease of the P H value. In accordance with the van t Hof rule, the apparent activation energy of the reaction of salicylic acid by sodium hypochlorite is Ea=43.22 K J. Mol-1, the higher the reaction temperature, the better the effect of oxidation degradation. By the determination of the TOC of the reaction process, the salicylic acid is oxidized and degraded by sodium hypochlorite to produce CO2, H2O, and a part of the organic matter which is hard to mineralized. The toxicity test shows that the toxicity of the reaction system is constantly changing during the whole reaction process, the inhibition rate of the initial sample is high and the toxicity is the strongest. The inhibition rate is very low and the toxicity is very small at the end of the reaction. In the middle process, the toxicity of the reaction will fluctuate with time. The paper also studies the coexistence in the water. The effect of the quality on sodium hypochlorite oxidation of salicylic acid showed that the nitrite ion would react with sodium chlorate, thus reducing the degradation reaction of salicylic acid. The degradation rate of salicylic acid slowed with the increase of NO2- concentration. Zinc ions and sulfate ions and Twain -80 had no obvious effect on the reaction, and basically did not affect the reaction. The degradation rate. Copper ions and bromine ions can affect the reaction. When the solution contains a certain concentration of copper ions and bromine ions, the reaction rate increases, and the reaction rate constant increases with the increase of Cu2+ and Br- concentration. The addition of twelve alkyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) has a certain effect on this reaction: the SDBS in the low concentration range can promote the reaction of sodium hypochlorite oxide salicylic acid. The reaction rate constant will increase with the increase of the concentration of SDBS, and the effect on the reaction will be reduced after the concentration of SDBS is reached to a certain size. It doesn't even promote the effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703
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，本文編號(hào)：2121080
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