本文選題：氮氧化物污染 + 大氣氮沉降��； 參考：《遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：潔凈的大氣環(huán)境對人類生存至關(guān)重要,但是人類社會的生活消費、交通、工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)排放的廢氣造成了嚴重的大氣污染,給人類的健康造成了嚴重的威脅。NOx是一種嚴重的大氣污染物,NOx的存在對環(huán)境物質(zhì)、人類及其生物都會產(chǎn)生嚴重的危害,如NOx對人體有致毒作用,尤其是NO2；NOx是形成酸雨酸霧的主要污染物；NOx與碳氫化合物可形成光化學(xué)煙霧；NOx還參與臭氧層的破壞。除此以外,NOx化物還以干濕沉降的方式降落到地表或水體生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。沉降到水體的氮素可導(dǎo)致水體酸化、富營養(yǎng)化,沉降到土壤的氮素不僅可導(dǎo)致土壤酸化,還可以影響土壤中的生物化學(xué)過程從而激發(fā)其他的環(huán)境問題,如沉降到土壤中的氮素可以影響土壤的碳排放量即CO2通量,而CO2是主要的溫室氣體,其排放量的增加可導(dǎo)致全球變暖。工業(yè)革命以來全球碳氮循環(huán)格局的改變以及氣候變化是人類所面臨的最為嚴峻問題。相應(yīng)地,大氣氮沉降從0.34 g m-2·yr-1增加到了1 g m-2·yr-1左右,全球氣溫也上升了1.4-1.8℃。更為嚴重的是,這種趨勢還將延續(xù)下去。基于過量的氮沉降和全球變化這兩大備受關(guān)注的全球性問題,再加上土壤碳排放過程在全球碳循環(huán)中的地位,本文以內(nèi)蒙古東烏珠穆沁典型溫帶草原為研究對象,開展了模擬氮沉降對草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤碳通量影響相關(guān)方面的研究。本文通過在固定區(qū)域模擬氮沉降試驗的方式,模擬氮沉降試驗設(shè)計氮添加水平分別為對照(CK,0kg N·ha-1·yr-1)、施氮(SN,100kg N·ha-1·yr-1),利用LI-8100土壤碳通量測量系統(tǒng)測定土壤碳通量,對比分析了氮添加和無氮添加處理條件下溫帶典型草原土壤碳通量特征及其對氮素添加的響應(yīng),以期在不斷升高的大氣氮沉降背景下,為預(yù)測該地區(qū)的固碳能力提供依據(jù),并為草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和健康管理提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The clean atmosphere environment is very important to the human survival, but the waste gas of human society, such as living consumption, transportation, industrial and agricultural production, has caused serious air pollution. The existence of no _ x is a serious atmospheric pollutant. It will cause serious harm to the environment, such as the toxic effect of no _ x to human body, especially no _ 2. No _ x is the main pollutant to form acid rain and acid mist, no _ x and hydrocarbon can form photochemical smog, no _ x is also involved in the destruction of ozone layer. In addition, nitrogen oxides also fall to the surface or water ecosystem by wet and dry deposition. Nitrogen deposition into the water can lead to acidification, eutrophication, and nitrogen deposition to the soil can not only lead to soil acidification, but also affect the biochemical process in the soil, thereby stimulating other environmental problems. For example, nitrogen deposition into the soil can affect the carbon emissions of soil, that is, CO2 fluxes, which are the main greenhouse gases, and the increase of their emissions can lead to global warming. Since the Industrial Revolution, the change of global carbon and nitrogen cycle pattern and climate change are the most serious problems facing mankind. Accordingly, the atmospheric nitrogen deposition increased from 0.34 g m ~ (-2) yr-1 to about 1 g m ~ (-2) yr-1, and the global temperature increased by 1.4-1.8 鈩，

本文編號：2105210