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  本文選題：污染 + 水質(zhì)評價�。� 參考：《長安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：新疆伊犁河谷西部緊鄰哈薩克斯坦,有中國陸路最大的通商口岸(霍爾果斯口岸),是新疆主要的糧、油、糖、肉生產(chǎn)基地,在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占有重要的地位。該區(qū)降水豐沛但分布很不均勻,蒸發(fā)強(qiáng)烈,河流縱橫,但多為季節(jié)性河流,地下水仍舊是該區(qū)生產(chǎn)、生活用水的主要水源。該區(qū)農(nóng)牧業(yè)相當(dāng)發(fā)達(dá),農(nóng)牧污染較嚴(yán)重。因此,進(jìn)行地下水污染和防污性能研究,對了解該地區(qū)地下水水質(zhì)、污染現(xiàn)狀,有效防治地下水污染,保障飲水安全等,都具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)踐價值。本文依托中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局《新疆伊犁河谷地下水循環(huán)演化機(jī)理及污染防控研究》課題,以伊犁河谷淺層地下水為研究對象,綜合利用水樣測試結(jié)果和地下水污染調(diào)查所取得的資料,評價研究區(qū)地下水水質(zhì)及污染現(xiàn)狀,分析水質(zhì)超標(biāo)組分、污染點(diǎn)的分布及污染原因,并開展地下水防污性能研究,為研究區(qū)地下水資源開發(fā)利用和保護(hù)提供依據(jù)。根據(jù)所采集的77組地下水樣品測試結(jié)果,采用單指標(biāo)評價法、F值法和改進(jìn)的尼梅羅指數(shù)法對地下水水質(zhì)進(jìn)行評價。單指標(biāo)評價結(jié)果表明:Na+、Mg2+、SO42-、總硬度(TH)和溶解性總固體(TDS)的超標(biāo)是影響研究區(qū)地下水質(zhì)量的最主要因素。F值評分法的超標(biāo)率為35.06%,改進(jìn)的尼梅羅指數(shù)法超標(biāo)率為10.39%;研究區(qū)整體水質(zhì)較好,超標(biāo)點(diǎn)分布與人類活動密切相關(guān)。用格魯布斯法(Grubbs)和夏皮洛-威爾克(Shapiro-Wilk)檢驗法確定了該地區(qū)地下水背景值。采用單指標(biāo)污染標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指數(shù)評價法和綜合評價法對地下水污染狀況進(jìn)行評價,結(jié)果表明研究區(qū)以未污染、輕度污染和中度污染水體為主,中、重度污染樣品點(diǎn)則集中分布于新源縣縣城往西到鞏留縣縣城、伊犁河察布查爾縣和伊寧市段兩岸兩個區(qū)域,并且與主要污染源的分布基本一致;SO42-、NO3-、TH和TDS是造成地下水污染的主要指標(biāo),局部地下水NO3-超標(biāo)是由于人類活動以及牲畜糞便引起的地下水污染。結(jié)合研究區(qū)水文地質(zhì)特征,利用DRASTIC方法,并結(jié)合GIS軟件,對研究區(qū)進(jìn)行地下水防污性能研究。結(jié)果顯示:研究區(qū)大部分地區(qū)防污性能較好,38.88%的地區(qū)地下水的防護(hù)條件一般。研究區(qū)工業(yè)隨不發(fā)達(dá),但農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)很發(fā)達(dá),居民地較集中,生活垃圾肆意堆放現(xiàn)象較普遍,增加了地下水受污染的可能性,故應(yīng)當(dāng)引起重視,加強(qiáng)保護(hù)意識。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang Yili River Valley is close to Kazakhstan in the west and has the largest trade port (Horgos Port) in China. It is the main production base of grain, oil, sugar and meat in Xinjiang, and plays an important role in the national economy. The precipitation in this area is abundant but uneven, the evaporation is intense, the rivers are vertical and horizontal, but most of them are seasonal rivers. Groundwater is still the main source of water for production and living in this area. Agriculture and animal husbandry in this area is quite developed, agricultural and animal husbandry pollution is more serious. Therefore, the study of groundwater pollution and pollution prevention is of great theoretical significance and practical value in understanding the groundwater quality and pollution status, effectively preventing and controlling groundwater pollution and ensuring the safety of drinking water in this area. Based on the subject of the China Geological Survey, "study on the mechanism of groundwater cycle evolution and pollution prevention and control in Yili River Valley, Xinjiang", this paper takes the shallow groundwater of the Yili River Valley as the research object. By synthetically using the test results of water samples and the data obtained from the investigation of groundwater pollution, the groundwater quality and pollution status in the study area are evaluated, the components of water quality exceeding the standard, the distribution of pollution points and the causes of pollution are analyzed, and the anti-pollution performance of groundwater is studied. It provides the basis for the development, utilization and protection of groundwater resources in the study area. According to the test results of 77 groups of groundwater samples, the single index evaluation method and the modified Nimero index method were used to evaluate the groundwater quality. The results of single index evaluation show that the surpassing of total hardness (th) and dissolved total solid (TDs) is the most important factor affecting the groundwater quality in the study area. The surpassing rate of F value scoring method is 35.06 and that of the improved Nimero index method is 10.39. The overall water quality in the area is relatively good. The over-punctuation distribution is closely related to human activities. The background values of groundwater in this area were determined by Grubbs and Shapiro-Wilk methods. The single index pollution index evaluation method and the comprehensive evaluation method are used to evaluate the groundwater pollution. The results show that the study area is mainly unpolluted, mildly polluted and moderately polluted. The heavily polluted sample sites are concentrated in the two areas of the banks of Xinyuan County to Gongliu County, Yili River Chabuchar County and Yining City. And it is basically consistent with the distribution of main sources of pollution that so _ 42-no _ 3-O _ 3-TH and TDs are the main indicators to cause groundwater pollution, and local groundwater no _ 3- exceeding the standard is caused by human activities and livestock feces. Based on the hydrogeological characteristics of the study area, the anti-pollution performance of groundwater in the study area was studied by using the DRASTIC method and GIS software. The results show that 38.88% of the areas with good antifouling performance in the study area have general protection conditions. The industry of the research area is undeveloped, but the agriculture and animal husbandry are very developed, the resident land is more concentrated, and the phenomenon of domestic garbage is more common, which increases the possibility of the groundwater being polluted, so we should pay attention to it and strengthen the consciousness of protection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X523

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