本文選題：空氣負(fù)離子 + 氡氣�。� 參考：《長安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：自然環(huán)境下,氡氣在衰變的過程中能夠放射出α、β和γ等射線,這些射線的電離能較高,尤其是α射線,能夠促使周圍空氣發(fā)生電離,產(chǎn)生空氣離子,而空氣負(fù)離子又能夠提高空氣的清潔程度,但氡濃度的增高,會(huì)加快人體疾病,特別是肺癌的發(fā)生。由此可見,空氣負(fù)離子和氡作為大氣中的兩種微量組分,對(duì)人體健康有相反的影響。因此,研究這二者的相互關(guān)系成為了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本研究利用DLY-2G型空氣離子測(cè)量?jī)x和RAD7型測(cè)氡儀對(duì)長安大學(xué)雁塔校區(qū)不同環(huán)境的空氣負(fù)離子和氡濃度進(jìn)行了測(cè)量,測(cè)量的同時(shí)同步記錄周圍環(huán)境的氣象因子(溫度、相對(duì)濕度以及平均風(fēng)速),在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了空氣負(fù)離子及氡濃度的時(shí)間和空間分布特征,并探討了其內(nèi)在原因,另外,對(duì)空氣負(fù)離子和氡濃度與環(huán)境因子之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系也進(jìn)行了深入分析,最后對(duì)空氣負(fù)離子和大氣氡濃度這二者的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行了初步探究。研究結(jié)果表明,空氣負(fù)離子和氡濃度的時(shí)間分布呈現(xiàn)明顯的不均勻性。空氣負(fù)離子的日變化呈現(xiàn)明顯的雙峰變化,即極大值出現(xiàn)在凌晨04:30和下午14:30左右,分別為530和319cm-3,最小值則出現(xiàn)在8:30左右和17:30左右,分別為357和337 cm-3;而氡濃度的日變化略滯后于負(fù)離子的變化,且其變化呈現(xiàn)類似正弦曲線的趨勢(shì),最大值在清晨06:30左右達(dá)到,而最低值出現(xiàn)在16:30左右,分別為18.7Bq/m3和11.1 Bq/m3,且最大值處的峰較明顯,最小值處的變化則較為平緩。空氣負(fù)離子的季節(jié)變化趨勢(shì)均呈現(xiàn)為夏季最高,秋春季次之,冬季最低,而氡濃度的季節(jié)變化則呈現(xiàn)完全相反的趨勢(shì),即冬天最高,夏季最低。其次,在空間分布方面,操場(chǎng)PG的空氣負(fù)離子及氡濃度均大于羅馬廣場(chǎng)LMS的濃度值,但空氣負(fù)離子在這兩處監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的濃度值沒有顯著性差異(p=0.0920.05),而氡氣的濃度值則存在顯著性差異(p=0.000.05)。以環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院樓頂ROS和羅馬廣場(chǎng)LMS為研究對(duì)象研究空氣負(fù)離子及氡濃度隨高度的變化,結(jié)果表明高度增加,空氣負(fù)離子濃度也隨之而升高,但濃度差異不顯著(p=0.1120.05),而氡氣的濃度值則隨高度的增高而減小,且濃度值差異顯著(p=0.0230.05)。最后,空氣負(fù)離子和氡濃度與環(huán)境因子相關(guān)關(guān)系的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),空氣負(fù)離子濃度與溫度T、相對(duì)濕度RH呈正相關(guān),而與平均風(fēng)速V呈負(fù)相關(guān),對(duì)空氣負(fù)離子濃度的影響程度依次為相對(duì)濕度RH、溫度T和平均風(fēng)速V;大氣中氡濃度值則與溫度T、平均風(fēng)速V呈負(fù)相關(guān),與相對(duì)濕度RH呈正相關(guān),且相對(duì)濕度RH對(duì)大氣氡濃度的影響最大,溫度T次之,平均風(fēng)速V最小。
[Abstract]:In the natural environment, radon can emit 偽, 尾 and 緯 rays during decay, and the ionization energy of these rays is higher, especially alpha rays, which can cause the surrounding air to ionize and produce air ions. Air anion can improve the cleanliness of air, but the increase of radon concentration will accelerate the occurrence of human diseases, especially lung cancer. It can be seen that air anion and radon, as two trace components in the atmosphere, have opposite effects on human health. Therefore, the study of the relationship between the two has become the focus of domestic and foreign scholars. In this study, using DLY-2G air ion measuring instrument and RAD7 radon measuring instrument, the air negative ion and radon concentration in different environments in the Yantagar campus of Changan University were measured. The meteorological factors (temperature) of the surrounding environment were recorded simultaneously. Based on this, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of air negative ion and radon concentration are analyzed, and the internal reasons are discussed. The correlation between air negative ion and radon concentration and environmental factors was also analyzed. Finally, the correlation between air negative ion and atmospheric radon concentration was preliminarily explored. The results show that the time distribution of air anion and radon concentration shows obvious inhomogeneity. The diurnal variation of air anion shows a bimodal change, that is, the maximum appears at 04:30 and 14:30, 530 and 319cm-3, respectively, and the minimum is about 8:30 and 8:30, respectively. The diurnal variation of radon concentration lags behind that of negative ions, and the variation of radon concentration is similar to that of sinusoidal curve. The maximum value of radon concentration reaches about 06:30 in the morning, and the lowest value is about 16:30. It is 18.7Bq / m3 and 11.1 Bq / m3, respectively, and the peak at the maximum is more obvious, and the change at the minimum is more gentle. The seasonal variation trend of air negative ions is the highest in summer, followed by autumn and spring, and the lowest in winter, while the seasonal variation of radon concentration is completely opposite, that is, the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. Secondly, in terms of spatial distribution, the concentration of air negative ions and radon in playground PG is higher than that of LMS in Rome Square. However, there was no significant difference in the concentration of air negative ions between the two monitoring points (p 0.0920.05), but there was a significant difference in the concentration of radon (p 0.000.05). Taking Ros on the roof of the Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering and LMS in Rome Square as the research object, the variation of air negative ion and radon concentration with height is studied. The results show that the height increases and the air negative ion concentration increases. However, there was no significant difference in the concentration of radon (p0. 1120.05), but the radon concentration decreased with the increase of the height, and the concentration difference was significant (p0. 023. 05). Finally, the study of the correlation between air negative ion and radon concentration and environmental factors shows that air negative ion concentration is positively correlated with temperature, relative humidity RH, but negatively correlated with mean wind speed V. The degree of influence on air negative ion concentration is in turn RH, temperature T and mean wind speed V.The radon concentration in the atmosphere is negatively correlated with temperature T and average wind velocity V, and positively correlated with RH. The effect of relative humidity RH on atmospheric radon concentration is the biggest, followed by temperature T and mean wind speed V.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X51

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：2101898