本文選題：激光雷達 + 氣溶膠監(jiān)測�。� 參考：《南京師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：激光雷達以其高時間和垂直空間分辨率的特點在大氣氣溶膠監(jiān)測中發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用。本文選擇南京仙林地區(qū)為實驗區(qū),通過優(yōu)化雷達反演過程中的重要參數(shù)(雷達比),提高激光雷達反演精度的影響。利用雷達反演結(jié)果分析了2014年3月至2015年2月南京仙林地區(qū)上空氣溶膠的時空變化情況,并結(jié)合多源數(shù)據(jù)對2014年5月26日至6月1日研究區(qū)一次典型大氣氣溶膠污染過程進行了評價分析。主要研究成果體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：(1)基于能見度的動態(tài)雷達比計算方法。雷達比是影響激光雷達反演精度的重要因素之一,本文提出了一種利用能見度換算的近地表消光系數(shù)作為激光雷達反演約束進而解算出雷達比的方法。與傳統(tǒng)方法相比,該方法求得了在更小時間尺度上連續(xù)的雷達比動態(tài)變化情況。實驗表明：利用動態(tài)雷達比能明顯提高激光雷達反演精度。(2)激光雷達可以有效探測氣溶膠的垂直分層結(jié)構(gòu),這體現(xiàn)出了其對于大氣污染監(jiān)測的獨特優(yōu)勢。利用激光雷達探測結(jié)果對南京仙林地區(qū)氣溶膠光學特性垂直分布進行了分析。在觀測期內(nèi),在近地表200m高度的消光系數(shù)明顯較大,氣溶膠濃度高。0-0.2km和0.2-0.5km兩個高度的變化趨勢基本一致,都呈現(xiàn)出雙峰結(jié)構(gòu),這與地表人類活動密切相關(guān)。地表湍流使得0.5-1km高度的消光系數(shù)均值在午后出現(xiàn)上升且明顯大于0.2-0.5km高度范圍的消光系數(shù)均值。仙林地區(qū)的大氣邊界層在一日之內(nèi)變化明顯,觀測期內(nèi)平均波動范圍在1-2km左右。邊界層高度的變化主要和太陽輻射強度有關(guān)。觀測期每個月份的消光系數(shù)平均廓線各有不同。2015年1月份的近地表消光系數(shù)均值最小,約為0.4kmm-1左右,最大值為2014年7月,約為0.7km-1左右。2014年9月、10月以及2015年2月的近地表月均值比較大,達到0.6km-1左右。此外,每個月都不同程度受到地表湍流影響,夏季地表溫度較高,湍流影響最大。(3)由于激光雷達所獲取的數(shù)據(jù)不具有面上的代表性且本文的單波段Mie散射雷達測量參數(shù)相對較少,僅靠單一設(shè)備很難實現(xiàn)對氣溶膠污染過程的全面科學分析。因此,利用多源數(shù)據(jù)參與污染過程評價具有必要性。本研究基于激光雷達數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合氣象資料、環(huán)境監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)以及數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果(NAAPS、HYSPLIT)等多源數(shù)據(jù)對典型氣溶膠污染案例進行分析。本次污染過程受到沙塵、秸稈以及本地排放的污染物疊加影響。這說明南京地區(qū)大氣污染過程復雜且污染源多樣,大氣污染治理形勢嚴峻。環(huán)境監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)可以應(yīng)用于污染過程的提取及不同階段污染特征分析。數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果即能夠呈現(xiàn)出污染物空間分布,也可以用于污染物來源分析。激光雷達反演結(jié)果可以清晰地反映出污染物的分布聚集情況以及時空變化。此外,氣象資料對于大氣氣溶膠監(jiān)測也具有重要的意義。一方面,氣象要素影響著雷達比,進而影響到激光雷達反演精度；另一方面,在污染過程中,氣象要素對污染過程的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展以及終結(jié)都具有重要作用。低壓、逆溫等現(xiàn)象均不利于污染物的擴散,會加重大氣污染,而降雨、大風等則有利于污染物的消散。
[Abstract]:Laser radar is playing an increasingly important role in atmospheric aerosol monitoring with its high time and vertical spatial resolution. This paper selects the Nanjing Xianlin area as the experimentation area. By optimizing the important parameters in the radar inversion process (radar ratio), the effect of the laser radar inversion accuracy is improved. The results of the radar inversion are analyzed by using the radar inversion results 2014. The spatio-temporal change of the air sol in Xianlin area, Nanjing, from March to February 2015, and the evaluation and analysis of a typical atmospheric aerosol pollution process in the study area from May 26, 2014 to June 1st, combined with multi source data. The main research results are reflected in the following aspects: (1) the dynamic radar ratio calculation method based on visibility. Dabby is one of the important factors affecting the precision of laser radar inversion. In this paper, a method of using the near surface extinction coefficient converted by visibility as a laser radar inversion constraint and then to calculate the radar ratio is proposed. Compared with the traditional method, the method obtains the dynamic change of the radar ratio at a smaller time scale. The results show that using dynamic radar ratio can obviously improve the inversion accuracy of laser radar. (2) laser radar can effectively detect the vertical stratified structure of aerosol, which shows its unique advantage for air pollution monitoring. Using laser radar detection results, the vertical distribution of optical properties of gas soluble gel in Nanjing Xianlin area is analyzed. During the period of time, the extinction coefficient at the height of the near surface 200m is obviously larger, the two height of.0-0.2km and 0.2-0.5km with high aerosol concentration are basically the same, all of which show the Shuangfeng structure, which is closely related to the human activities on the surface. The surface turbulence makes the mean of the extinction coefficient of the height of 0.5-1km rising in the afternoon and obviously greater than that of 0.2-0.5km The average fluctuation of the atmospheric boundary layer in the high range is obvious within one day, and the average fluctuation range is about 1-2km in the observation period. The change of the boundary layer height is mainly related to the solar radiation intensity. The average extinction coefficient of the extinction coefficient in each month of the observation period is different from the near surface extinction coefficient in the January of the.2015 year. The minimum value, about 0.4kmm-1, is about 0.4kmm-1, the maximum value is July 2014, about 0.7km-1.2014 September, October and February 2015, the average monthly mean value is about 0.6km-1. In addition, the surface turbulence is affected to different degrees in each month, the surface temperature is higher in summer and the turbulence has the greatest influence. (3) the data obtained by laser radar It does not have the representativeness on the surface and the single band Mie scattering radar has relatively few measurement parameters. It is difficult to realize the comprehensive scientific analysis of the process of aerosol pollution only on a single device. Therefore, it is necessary to use multi source data to participate in the evaluation of the pollution process. Typical aerosol pollution cases are analyzed by multi source data such as NAAPS (HYSPLIT). The pollution process is affected by the superposition of dust, straw and local pollutants. This shows that the atmosphere pollution process in Nanjing is complex and the pollution sources are diverse, the air pollution control situation is severe. The environmental monitoring data can be used. It is applied to the extraction of pollution process and the analysis of pollution characteristics at different stages. The numerical simulation results can show the spatial distribution of pollutants, and can also be used to analyze the source of pollutants. The results of the lidar inversion can clearly reflect the distribution and aggregation of pollutants and the spatio-temporal change. In addition, the meteorological data can be used to monitor the atmospheric aerosol. On the one hand, the meteorological factors affect the radar ratio, and then affect the accuracy of the lidar inversion. On the other hand, in the process of pollution, the meteorological elements play an important role in the production, development and end of the pollution process. Low pressure, inversion and other phenomena are not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants, which will aggravate the air pollution, Rain, wind and so on are beneficial to the elimination of pollutants.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X87

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