本文選題：城市生活垃圾焚燒(MSWI) + 重金屬��； 參考：《河北工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,人們生活水平快速提高,生活垃圾逐日累增。垃圾焚燒以其占地面積小、減量化顯著、無(wú)害化徹底以及其能量可再利用等優(yōu)點(diǎn),已成為生活垃圾減量化、無(wú)害化、資源化的有效處理方式。但垃圾焚燒所產(chǎn)生的灰渣中,殘留并富集絕大部分的重金屬。重金屬會(huì)通過(guò)生態(tài)環(huán)境和生物累積雙重作用下遷移轉(zhuǎn)化,最終通過(guò)各個(gè)途徑進(jìn)入人體內(nèi),而且重金屬對(duì)人體的危害極大。研究重金屬在浸出過(guò)程中的行為,并對(duì)環(huán)境的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià),具有重要的意義�；以械闹亟饘僭谔盥駡�(chǎng)內(nèi)發(fā)生遷移轉(zhuǎn)化會(huì)受多種因素綜合作用,其溶解和釋放過(guò)程非常緩慢,且所得實(shí)測(cè)樣本數(shù)據(jù)非常有限。當(dāng)樣本為小樣本時(shí),直接利用樣本數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)或求解指標(biāo)值會(huì)增大誤差,降低精度,導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的模糊和不確定,而模糊理論在解決具有模糊不確定性的問(wèn)題方面有著較為明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文詳細(xì)介紹了模糊理論,在分析小樣本問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上。采用模糊C均值聚類(lèi)算法,結(jié)合線性方程組對(duì)小樣本數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充。在經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)處理后對(duì)新樣本模糊處理,將隸屬度作為擬合重金屬浸出行為趨勢(shì)線的權(quán)重值。該方法仿真結(jié)果與Visual MINTEQ模型計(jì)算的結(jié)果及實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)擬合結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,說(shuō)明該方法具有更好的詮釋作用,可靠性更高。由于重金屬難以降解,重金屬的浸出行為,會(huì)導(dǎo)致地下水水體、空氣,以及周邊土壤的重金屬污染,從而對(duì)人類(lèi)、動(dòng)植物等產(chǎn)生持續(xù)的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。對(duì)重金屬污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)準(zhǔn)確評(píng)價(jià)有助于灰渣的安全處置和再利用,也為制定合理的土壤修復(fù)計(jì)劃和防止控制填埋場(chǎng)污染奠定基礎(chǔ)。本文將模糊專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)引入潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)中,將重金屬的富集系數(shù)作為輸入,重金屬對(duì)環(huán)境的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)作為輸出。在專(zhuān)家系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)之上對(duì)系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)庫(kù)和推理機(jī)制進(jìn)行了模糊算法的處理,應(yīng)用模糊規(guī)則的方法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)重金屬對(duì)環(huán)境危害快速、不確定信息的準(zhǔn)確推理。結(jié)果驗(yàn)證該方法能夠更快速、準(zhǔn)確地做出適當(dāng)?shù)臎Q定,為重金屬對(duì)環(huán)境的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)作出評(píng)價(jià)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the world economy, people's living standard improves rapidly. MSW incineration has become an effective disposal method for MSW with its advantages of small occupation area, remarkable reduction, complete innocuity and reutilization of energy, and so on. However, most of the heavy metals are left and enriched in the ash produced by MSW incineration. Heavy metals can be transported and transformed through ecological environment and bioaccumulation, and eventually enter into human body through various ways, and the harm of heavy metals to human body is great. It is of great significance to study the behavior of heavy metals in leaching process and to evaluate the potential ecological risk of the environment. The migration and transformation of heavy metals in the ash in the landfill site will be affected by a variety of factors, the dissolution and release process is very slow, and the measured sample data are very limited. When the sample is a small sample, using the sample data directly to predict or solve the index value will increase the error, reduce the precision, and lead to the ambiguity and uncertainty of the result. The fuzzy theory has obvious advantages in solving the problem with fuzzy uncertainty. This paper introduces the fuzzy theory in detail, on the basis of analyzing the small sample problem. The fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is used to extend the small sample data with linear equations. After the data processing, the membership degree is taken as the weight value to fit the trend line of heavy metal leaching. The simulation results of this method are compared with the results of Visual MINTEQ model and the fitting results of measured data. It shows that the method has better interpretation function and higher reliability. Because heavy metals are difficult to degrade, heavy metal leaching will lead to heavy metal pollution in groundwater, air and surrounding soil, which will cause persistent potential risks to human beings, animals and plants and so on. The accurate assessment of heavy metal pollution risk is not only helpful to the safe disposal and reuse of ash, but also to the establishment of a reasonable soil remediation plan and the prevention and control of landfill pollution. In this paper, the fuzzy expert system is introduced into the potential ecological risk assessment. The enrichment coefficient of heavy metals is taken as the input and the potential risk of heavy metals to the environment is taken as the output. On the basis of expert system, the knowledge base and reasoning mechanism of the system are processed by fuzzy algorithm. The method of fuzzy rules is applied to realize the accurate reasoning of heavy metals' harm to the environment and uncertain information. The results show that this method can make appropriate decisions more quickly and accurately and evaluate the potential ecological risk of heavy metals to the environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X508;X820.4

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本文編號(hào)：2083803