本文選題：跨界斷面 + 水質(zhì)評價��； 參考：《西南交通大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前在國內(nèi),當一個區(qū)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)污染源達標排放后,仍有可能當?shù)氐暮恿魉|(zhì)不能達到水質(zhì)功能區(qū)目標值,通過河流轉(zhuǎn)移到下游區(qū)域,因此,需要實行排污總量控制。排污總量控制是基于河流納污能力的計算結(jié)果,在此基礎(chǔ)上,實施總量削減,并將削減量分配,使河流能夠達標�？绲貐^(qū)的河流在下游區(qū)域完成總量削減計劃,而上游未能完成時,造成下游控制斷面水質(zhì)不能達標,如何分清上游、下游各自責任,也是跨界斷面水質(zhì)研究的重要內(nèi)容。岷江樂山流域包括岷江樂山段、青衣江和大渡河,三條河流貫穿樂山各行政區(qū)域,跨界斷面的水質(zhì)狀況直接影響流域周圍社會經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展�？缃鐢嗝嫠|(zhì)預(yù)測為有關(guān)部門提供水質(zhì)管理和控制,且越來越引起政府的重視,因此顯得尤為重要�？缃鐢嗝婕仁巧嫌蔚某鼍硵嗝�,也是下游的入境斷面,樂山市岷江流域的下游是屬于宜賓市,本論文將樂山市犍為縣的出境斷面,水銀壩-龍溪口斷面作為跨界斷面進行研究。本論文主要通過文獻資料和實地數(shù)據(jù)搜集,計算出河流最大允許納污能力,得到河流的水環(huán)境容量；再通過分析找到一種水質(zhì)評價的方法,并用該方法對影響樂山市岷江流域跨界斷面水質(zhì)的三條河流進行水質(zhì)評價,得出青衣江和大渡河河流狀況較好,保持在I、II類,岷江流域的污染較為嚴重,水質(zhì)超標,達到IV、V類,該流域上游的水質(zhì)影響樂山市的出境斷面,即犍為縣的水銀壩-龍溪口斷面；通過河流污染源調(diào)查與現(xiàn)狀分析,將分析結(jié)果與水域納污能力進行比較后,發(fā)現(xiàn)樂山市中區(qū)馬鞍山-老江壩斷面和犍為縣水銀壩-龍溪口斷面水質(zhì)已超出河流的納污能力,表明跨界斷面水質(zhì)已經(jīng)超標；根據(jù)資料預(yù)測2020年和2030年污染物入河量,其結(jié)果表明岷江流域的關(guān)帝廟-馬鞍山斷面、黃水壩-老壩子斷面和水銀壩-龍溪口斷面均超出水域納污能力。通過污染物入河量和河流納污能力的比較,得到污染物削減量,根據(jù)削減量對流域2020年和2030年的水質(zhì)進行情景預(yù)測。情景預(yù)測得到點源污染和面源污染同時進行排污減量才是控制河流水質(zhì)的最佳方式,并根據(jù)最佳方式提出跨界斷面水質(zhì)控制措施,即點源和面源污染治理、排污口整治、以及建立跨界流域管理制度。本論文跨界斷面水質(zhì)研究是為了保證樂山市岷江流域跨界斷面水銀壩-龍溪口斷面的出水水質(zhì)達標,減輕下游水環(huán)境質(zhì)量的壓力,避免行政區(qū)域之間的矛盾。
[Abstract]:At present, when a region achieves the discharge standard of pollution sources, it is still possible that the water quality of the local rivers can not reach the target value of the water quality function area and transfer to the downstream area through the river. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the total discharge control. The total discharge control is based on the calculation results of the river's capacity to absorb pollution. On this basis, the total amount is reduced and the reduction is distributed, so that the river can reach the standard. Cross-regional rivers complete the total reduction plan in the downstream area, but when the upstream is not completed, the downstream control section water quality can not meet the standard, how to distinguish the upstream and downstream respective responsibilities is also an important content of the cross-section water quality research. The Leshan watershed of Minjiang River includes the Leshan section of Minjiang River, the Qingyi River and the Dadu River, and three rivers run through the administrative regions of Leshan. The water quality of the cross section directly affects the sustainable development of society and economy around the basin. The water quality prediction of cross-boundary section provides water quality management and control for relevant departments, and attracts more and more attention from the government, so it is particularly important. The cross section is not only the upstream exit section, but also the downstream entry section. The lower reaches of the Minjiang River basin in Leshan belong to Yibin City. In this paper, the exit section of Qianwei County in Leshan City and the Mercury Ban-Longxikou section are studied as the cross section. Through the collection of literature and field data, this paper calculates the maximum allowable capacity of the river to absorb pollution, and obtains the water environmental capacity of the river, and then finds out a method of water quality evaluation through analysis. This method is used to evaluate the water quality of three rivers affecting the water quality of cross section of Minjiang River basin in Leshan City. The results show that the rivers of Qingyi River and Dadu River are in good condition, and they are kept in Class II, and the pollution in Minjiang River Basin is more serious, the water quality exceeds the standard, and the water quality exceeds the standard. The upstream water quality of this basin affects the exit section of Leshan, that is, the Shuiyinba-Longxikou section of Qianwei County, through the investigation and analysis of the pollution sources of the rivers, the results of the analysis are compared with the capacity of the waters to absorb pollution. It is found that the water quality of the Maanshan-Laojiang Dam section and the Shuiyinba-Longxikou section of Qianwei County has exceeded the capacity of the river to absorb pollution, indicating that the water quality of the cross section has exceeded the standard, and the amount of pollutants entering the river in 2020 and 2030 is predicted according to the data. The results show that the Guandimiao-Ma 'anshan section, the Huangda-Laobaizi section and the mercury bar-longxikou section in the Minjiang River basin exceed the capacity of the water area to absorb pollution. By comparing the amount of pollutants into the river and the capacity of the river to absorb pollution, the reduction of pollutants is obtained, and the scenarios of water quality in 2020 and 2030 are forecasted according to the reduction. The best way to control the water quality of the river is to get the point source pollution and the non-point source pollution reducing simultaneously. According to the best way, the paper puts forward the water quality control measures of the transboundary cross section, that is, the point source and the non-point source pollution control, the sewage outlet treatment. And the establishment of cross-boundary watershed management system. The purpose of this paper is to ensure that the effluent water quality of the cross section of Mercury-Longxikou section of Minjiang River basin in Leshan City is up to standard, to reduce the pressure of the downstream water environment quality and to avoid the contradiction between administrative regions.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52

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