本文選題：環(huán)巢湖地區(qū) + 大氣顆粒物　； 參考：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展和人為活動(dòng)的加劇,大氣污染已成為了當(dāng)前高度關(guān)注的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。環(huán)巢湖地區(qū)是我國(guó)東部一個(gè)重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展區(qū)域,近年來(lái)大氣污染尤其霧霾天氣明顯增加,嚴(yán)重地影響了當(dāng)?shù)厝藗兊纳詈蜕硇慕】怠１娝苤?大氣顆粒物污染是霧霾天氣的主要因素,利用分子標(biāo)志物探究大氣顆粒物的來(lái)源是研究霧霾形成的一個(gè)重要手段。本研究利用8級(jí)大氣采樣器采集了環(huán)巢湖地區(qū)12個(gè)區(qū)域大氣顆粒物,分析了不同粒徑中正構(gòu)烷烴(C_(10)～C_(36))的濃度和組成分布特征,探討了正構(gòu)烷烴的粒徑分布特征,并根據(jù)正構(gòu)烷烴的特征辨析了主要來(lái)源,同時(shí)本研究收集了采樣月份中合肥市區(qū)10個(gè)大氣監(jiān)測(cè)站點(diǎn)公布記錄的空氣質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)(包括PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_2、 SO_2、O3和CO),分析了這些污染物的時(shí)空變化規(guī)律和影響因素,并預(yù)測(cè)了大氣能見(jiàn)度。主要結(jié)果與結(jié)論如下：(1)合肥市區(qū)10個(gè)大氣監(jiān)測(cè)站公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,PM_(2.5)是影響合肥空氣質(zhì)量的最關(guān)鍵因素,近80%的天數(shù)超過(guò)了國(guó)家空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其次為PM_(10),約56%的天數(shù)超過(guò)了國(guó)家空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),NO_2、SO_2、CO和O_3對(duì)合肥市區(qū)空氣質(zhì)量影響較小。同時(shí)這些污染物均呈現(xiàn)明顯的時(shí)空差異,其中市區(qū)污染更為嚴(yán)重,而12月污染最為嚴(yán)重。通過(guò)估算大氣能見(jiàn)度發(fā)現(xiàn),2014年10～12月期間幾乎所有天數(shù)均為霧霾天氣,尤其大氣顆粒物分級(jí)采樣時(shí)段均是霧霾天氣,且是長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)的霧霾天氣。(2)環(huán)巢湖地區(qū)大氣顆粒物中正構(gòu)烷烴的總濃度為402-3040 ng/m~3,其中算術(shù)均值為1460±1000 ng/m~3,其中三河鎮(zhèn)(旅游區(qū))大氣顆粒物中正構(gòu)烷烴濃度最高,當(dāng)?shù)氐牟惋嫎I(yè)可能是關(guān)鍵因素。但并未發(fā)現(xiàn)環(huán)巢湖地區(qū)大氣顆粒物中正構(gòu)烷烴濃度呈現(xiàn)明顯的空間差異,尤其都市區(qū)濃度并未高于郊區(qū)和農(nóng)村,反映了長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)霧霾天氣下,環(huán)巢湖區(qū)域大氣顆粒物污染接近。(3)不同采樣點(diǎn)處大氣顆粒物中正構(gòu)烷烴的粒徑分布差異較大,周邊縣城和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)主要富集在細(xì)顆粒物中,而市區(qū)則富集在粗顆粒物中,同時(shí)不同采樣點(diǎn)處不同碳原子數(shù)的正構(gòu)烷烴同系物在粗-細(xì)顆粒物中分布不同,反映了不同的來(lái)源。(4)環(huán)巢湖地區(qū)大氣顆粒物中正構(gòu)烷烴的幾何平均粒徑為2.61±1.21μm,工大新區(qū)最大,為5.81 μm,幾何標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差0.43±0.06μm,其中幾何平均粒徑正構(gòu)烷烴的飽和蒸氣壓呈現(xiàn)明顯的正相關(guān),但幾何標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差則與飽和蒸氣壓呈現(xiàn)明顯的負(fù)相關(guān),反映了不同化合物在粒徑中分布明顯受其物理化學(xué)特征影響。(5)據(jù)正構(gòu)烷烴組成特征分析,環(huán)巢湖地區(qū)大氣顆粒物中正構(gòu)烷烴來(lái)自于人為活動(dòng)排放,CPI值接近于1,其中工大新區(qū)處CPI值最大。利用植物蠟碳數(shù)%waxC_n估算了環(huán)巢湖地區(qū)大氣顆粒物中15.9±7.0%的正構(gòu)烷烴來(lái)源于高等植物釋放。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy and the aggravation of human activities, air pollution has become a serious environmental problem. The area around Chaohu Lake is an important economic development area in the east of China. In recent years, air pollution, especially haze weather, has increased significantly, which has seriously affected the lives and physical and mental health of local people. It is well known that atmospheric particulate pollution is the main factor in the weather of haze, and it is an important means to study the formation of haze by using molecular markers to explore the origin of atmospheric particulates. In this study, 12 regional atmospheric particulates in Chaohu Lake area were collected by using an 8-level atmospheric sampler. The distribution characteristics of normal alkanes (C _ (10) C _ (36) in different particle sizes were analyzed, and the particle size distribution characteristics of normal alkanes were discussed. According to the characteristics of n-alkanes, the main sources are analyzed. At the same time, the air quality data (including PM2.5 / PM10 / no _ 2, so _ 2O _ 3 and CO) published by 10 atmospheric monitoring stations in Hefei in the sampling month were collected. The temporal and spatial variation of these pollutants and the influencing factors were analyzed, and the atmospheric visibility was predicted. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) the data from 10 air monitoring stations in Hefei city show that PM2.5 is the most important factor affecting the air quality in Hefei, and nearly 80% of the days exceed the national air quality standard. The next is PM10, and about 56% of the days exceed the national air quality standard (NO2SO2CO3), which has little effect on the air quality in Hefei urban area. At the same time, these pollutants showed significant temporal and spatial differences, especially in urban areas, and the pollution in December was the most serious. By estimating atmospheric visibility, it is found that almost all the days from October to December 2014 are haze weather, especially for atmospheric particulate matter classification sampling period is haze weather. And it is a long-lasting haze weather. (2) the total concentration of n-alkanes in atmospheric particulates around Chaohu Lake is 402-3040 ng / m ~ (3), the arithmetic average is 1460 鹵1000 ng / m ~ (3), and the concentration of normal alkanes in atmospheric particulates in Sanhe Town (tourist area) is the highest. The local catering industry may be a key factor. However, there was no significant spatial difference in the concentration of n-alkanes in atmospheric particulates around Chaohu Lake, especially in the metropolitan area, which was not higher than that in the suburbs and rural areas, which reflected the long-term persistent haze weather. The atmospheric particulate pollution around Chaohu Lake is close. (3) the size distribution of n-alkanes in atmospheric particles at different sampling points is different. The surrounding counties and towns are mainly enriched in fine particles, while the urban areas are enriched in coarse particles. At the same time, the distribution of n-alkane homologues in coarse and fine particles at different sampling points was different, which reflected different sources. (4) the geometric mean particle size of n-alkanes in atmospheric particulate matter around Chaohu Lake was 2.61 鹵1.21 渭 m. The geometric standard deviation was 0.43 鹵0.06 渭 m, in which the saturated vapor pressure of normal alkanes with geometric mean particle size was positively correlated, but the geometric standard deviation was negatively correlated with the saturated vapor pressure. It reflects that the distribution of different compounds in the particle size is obviously influenced by their physicochemical characteristics. (5) according to the analysis of the composition characteristics of n-alkanes, In the atmospheric particulate matter around Chaohu Lake, the CPI value of n-alkanes from anthropogenic activities is close to 1, and the CPI value is the largest in the new area. Based on the wax C _ n of plant wax, it was estimated that 15.9 鹵7.0% of normal alkanes in atmospheric particulate matter in Chaohu Lake region were derived from higher plant release.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X513

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