本文選題：社會(huì)資本 + 農(nóng)村　； 參考：《貴州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境是人類(lèi)賴(lài)以生存和發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。農(nóng)村區(qū)域作為資源的主要提供者、污染的承受者,對(duì)國(guó)家社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)良好運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)至關(guān)重要,而生態(tài)環(huán)境的治理在國(guó)家城鄉(xiāng)二元體制下,重城市輕農(nóng)村,對(duì)農(nóng)村關(guān)注少,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境日益惡化。我國(guó)農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境呈現(xiàn)出工業(yè)污染蔓延農(nóng)村、農(nóng)業(yè)污染加劇、生活區(qū)環(huán)境日益惡化的情境。在治理方式上,存在著政府與市場(chǎng)雙重失靈,一是政府的法律法規(guī)不健全、“尋租”活動(dòng)的存在、獲取信息有限、治理投入不足等因素導(dǎo)致政府失靈;二是農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境具有公共物品屬性、經(jīng)濟(jì)外部性、環(huán)境的“公有地悲劇”和“私有地悲劇”等特點(diǎn),加之農(nóng)村資源市場(chǎng)產(chǎn)權(quán)不健全,導(dǎo)致的市場(chǎng)失靈。從微觀到中觀再到宏觀對(duì)社會(huì)資本進(jìn)行了梳理,闡釋了從布爾迪厄到科爾曼再到帕特南的社會(huì)資本觀點(diǎn),分析界定了社會(huì)資本的三大要素:關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)、規(guī)范和信任�？偨Y(jié)了農(nóng)村社會(huì)資本的特點(diǎn),關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)呈現(xiàn)聯(lián)系稠密、分布均勻;信任半徑延伸、人際信任為主;規(guī)范以非正式規(guī)范為主。并建立起社會(huì)資本與農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境治理的關(guān)系鏈接,認(rèn)為關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)能為個(gè)體與組織及政府搭建一個(gè)信息溝通的平臺(tái),互惠、懲罰的規(guī)范能夠破解集體行動(dòng)的困境,達(dá)成共識(shí),信任能為治理各主體提供有效支撐。通過(guò)對(duì)個(gè)案分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)社會(huì)資本的運(yùn)用不僅能就農(nóng)村非正式組織與政府合作解決問(wèn)題,還能通過(guò)組織內(nèi)部不依賴(lài)政府自發(fā)解決問(wèn)題。關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)外的行為具有強(qiáng)大的制約力,但關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部對(duì)內(nèi)部個(gè)體或組織的排斥力沒(méi)有前者明顯或者無(wú)效,需要外力介入才能有效。農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境治理績(jī)效的提升可能是其他行動(dòng)結(jié)果的副產(chǎn)品。最后,從社會(huì)資本的角度對(duì)農(nóng)村環(huán)境治理提出對(duì)策建議,一是改造傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)資本以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)在社會(huì)的治理要求;二是發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)增強(qiáng)農(nóng)村公共服務(wù)自給和吸引外出人員回流增加社會(huì)資本存量;三是促進(jìn)民間組織的發(fā)展,提供正式規(guī)范和互惠信任的平臺(tái);四是建立民間與政府等治理主體的信息溝通平臺(tái),提升信任促進(jìn)信息交流,為治理提供支持;五是大力宣傳生態(tài)環(huán)境知識(shí),促進(jìn)農(nóng)民生態(tài)環(huán)境意識(shí)提高。
[Abstract]:Ecological environment is the basis of human survival and development. As the main provider of resources, rural areas are the carriers of pollution, which is of great importance to the good operation of the national society and economy. However, under the dual system of urban and rural areas, the ecological environment management pays more attention to the cities than the countryside, and pays little attention to the rural areas. As a result, the rural ecological environment is deteriorating day by day. The rural ecological environment of our country presents the situation that the industrial pollution spreads to the countryside, the agricultural pollution intensifies, and the living area environment deteriorates day by day. In the way of governance, there are double failures between the government and the market. One is that the government's laws and regulations are not perfect, the existence of "rent-seeking" activities, the limited access to information, the insufficient investment in governance and other factors lead to government failure; Secondly, the rural ecological environment has the characteristics of public goods, economic externality, the tragedy of public land and private land, and the imperfect property right of rural resource market, which leads to market failure. This paper combs social capital from micro to meso to macro, explains the viewpoint of social capital from Bourdieu to Coleman to Patnam, and analyzes and defines three elements of social capital: relationship network, norm and trust. The characteristics of rural social capital are summarized. The relationship network is dense and evenly distributed; the radius of trust is extended and interpersonal trust is dominant; the norm is informal norm. The relationship between social capital and rural ecological environment governance is established. The relationship network can build an information communication platform for individuals, organizations and governments. The norms of reciprocity and punishment can solve the plight of collective action and reach a consensus. Trust can provide effective support for the governance of the main body. Through the case study, it is found that the use of social capital can solve the problem not only by cooperating with the government on the rural informal organization, but also by not relying on the government to solve the problem spontaneously within the organization. The behavior outside the network is restricted by the internal of the relational network, but the repulsive force of the internal network is not obvious or ineffective than the former, and requires the intervention of the external force to be effective. The improvement of rural ecological environment governance performance may be the by-product of other actions. Finally, from the point of view of social capital, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for rural environmental governance: first, to reform the traditional social capital to meet the current social governance requirements; The second is to develop the economy to strengthen the self-sufficiency of rural public services and to attract people to return to increase the stock of social capital, the third is to promote the development of civil society organizations, to provide a platform for formal norms and mutual trust; The fourth is to establish the information communication platform between civil and government and other governing bodies, to promote trust and information exchange, to provide support for governance; fifth, to vigorously promote ecological environmental knowledge, promote farmers' awareness of ecological environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X321

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