本文選題：中藥廢水 + 混凝沉淀��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：中藥廢水成分復雜,含有包括有毒有害物質在內的種類繁雜的有機物,致使中藥廢水具有生物毒性強、有機物和懸浮物濃度高、色度大的特點,屬難處理的工業(yè)廢水。單獨采用生物法處理一般難以實現達標排放,實際工程中往往采取合適的預處理技術,降低廢水污染物負荷的同時,削減廢水毒性,改善廢水可生化性,為后續(xù)生化處理創(chuàng)造良好的條件,提高整體工藝的處理效能,實現達標排放。本文首先初步建立了中藥廢水毒性測評方法,以毒性衡量廢水中生化抑制物水平;其次研究了中藥廢水常規(guī)污染物指標(COD、SS等)和毒性聯合削減的混凝沉淀特性,并確定了最佳的混凝條件;最后采用最佳的混凝參數進行了中試研究,研究了混凝沉淀反應器運行效能和穩(wěn)定性以及混凝預處理工藝對整體工藝運行效能的影響。采用發(fā)光細菌法進行中藥廢水毒性方面的研究,確定了中藥廢水毒性測試的最佳條件:測試p H為6.0~8.0,暴露時間為15min;以發(fā)光抑制率和EC50表征中藥廢水的毒性,衡量廢水中生化抑制物的水平;測定了中藥廢水對發(fā)光菌的毒性EC50=8.12%,毒性級別為極強;建立了擬合度更高的發(fā)光抑制率-標準毒物Hg Cl2濃度標準曲線。對比研究聚合硫酸鐵(PFS)、聚合氯化鋁(PAC)、硫酸鋁(AS)、硫酸亞鐵(Fe SO4)對中藥廢水中主要污染物項目COD、SS和毒性的去除效果。當原水p H=6.60,PFS、PAC、AS和Fe SO4投加量分別為500、600、700和800mg/L時,混凝之后毒性由EC50=8.12%分別降低至EC50=33.43%、25.43%、18.31%、18.56%,由此確定了PFS為最佳混凝劑;研究了水力條件、廢水初始p H、助凝劑聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和殼聚糖(CTS)對PFS混凝效果的影響,并采用響應曲面法優(yōu)化出最佳混凝條件,當初始p H為7.0時,470mg/L PFS與7.5mg/L PAM配合使用對中藥廢水具有最佳混凝效果,COD、SS去除率分別達到39.3%、98.9%,廢水毒性由EC50=8.12%降低至EC50=44.70%,毒性級別由極強削弱至中等。研究了混凝沉淀反應器的中試運行效能,結果表明,混凝沉淀工藝運行效果穩(wěn)定,具有較強的抗沖擊負荷能力,且污染物負荷得到較大幅度削減,常規(guī)污染物指標COD、SS、色度和TP去除率分別穩(wěn)定在30%、90%、95%和85%以上,對毒性發(fā)光抑制率削減率保持在20%以上,廢水中生化抑制物得到部分削減;評價了生化工藝對廢水毒性的去除能力,結果表明,相比厭氧(水解酸化)工藝,好氧工藝在毒性削減方面具有明顯優(yōu)勢,但最終出水急性毒性依然超標;混凝沉淀工藝對后續(xù)整體工藝的運行具有積極的影響,改善了整體工藝對各污染物項目的去除效果,強化了整體工藝的運行效能,解決了單獨采用生化法時最終出水中污染物項COD、TP和急性毒性超標的問題,實現了達標排放。
[Abstract]:The composition of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater is complex and contains complex organic compounds including toxic and harmful substances. The traditional Chinese medicine wastewater has strong biological toxicity, high concentration of organic matter and suspended matter and large chroma, which is difficult to treat industrial wastewater. It is difficult to achieve standard discharge by biological treatment. In practical engineering, it is often used in practical engineering. At the same time, reducing the load of wastewater, reducing the toxicity of wastewater, improving the biodegradability of wastewater, creating good conditions for the subsequent biochemical treatment, improving the efficiency of the whole process and realizing the discharge of the standard, this paper first established the method of evaluating the toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater to measure the level of biochemical inhibitor in the wastewater. Secondly, the characteristics of coagulation and sedimentation of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater (COD, SS, etc.) and combined toxicity reduction were studied, and the optimum coagulation conditions were determined. Finally, the best coagulation parameters were used to study the operation efficiency and stability of coagulant sedimentation reactor and the operation efficiency of coagulation pretreatment process to the whole process. The toxicity of the traditional Chinese medicine wastewater was studied by the luminescent bacteria method, and the best conditions for the toxicity test of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater were determined: the test p H was 6.0~8.0, the exposure time was 15min, the toxicity of the luminescence inhibition rate and EC50 was used to characterize the toxicity of traditional Chinese Medicine wastewater, the level of biochemical inhibitor in the wastewater was measured, and the toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater to luminescent bacteria was measured. EC50=8.12%, the toxicity grade is very strong; the higher fitting luminescence inhibition rate - standard poison Hg Cl2 concentration standard curve is set up. Compared with Polyferric sulphate (PFS), polyaluminum chloride (PAC), aluminum sulfate (AS), and ferrous sulfate (Fe SO4), the removal effect of COD, SS and toxicity of the main pollution contaminants in Chinese traditional medicine wastewater. When the dosage of Fe SO4 was 500600700 and 800mg/L respectively, the toxicity was reduced to EC50=33.43%, 25.43%, 18.31%, 18.56%, respectively after coagulation, which determined that PFS was the best coagulant, and the effect of the hydraulic conditions, the initial P H, the coagulant polyacrylamide (PAM) and the chitosan (CTS) on the PFS coagulation effect was studied, and the response curve was used. The optimum coagulation condition was optimized by surface method. When p H was first 7, 470mg/L PFS and 7.5mg/L PAM had the best coagulation effect on traditional Chinese medicine wastewater. The removal rate of COD, SS was 39.3%, 98.9% respectively. The toxicity of waste water was reduced from EC50=8.12% to EC50=44.70%, and the toxicity grade was greatly weakened to medium. The pilot transport of coagulation sedimentation reactor was studied. The results show that the coagulation sedimentation process has a stable operation effect, strong anti impact load capacity, and the pollutant load is greatly reduced. The conventional pollutant index COD, SS, chromaticity and TP removal rate are 30%, 90%, 95% and 85% respectively, and the reduction rate of the toxic luminescence inhibition rate remains above 20%, and the wastewater is inhibited by biochemistry. The results show that the aerobic process has obvious advantages in toxicity reduction compared with anaerobic (hydrolytic acidification) process, but the final acute toxicity of the effluent is still beyond the standard, and the coagulation sedimentation process has a positive effect on the operation of the continued whole process and improved the whole process. The removal effect of body technology on various pollutants has strengthened the operation efficiency of the whole process, and solved the problem of COD, TP and acute toxicity exceeding the standard when the biochemical method was used alone, and achieved the discharge of the standard.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X787

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