發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-22 08:32

  本文選題：污水處理 + AO工藝與AAO工藝比較��； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：污水處理是一項(xiàng)環(huán)保工程,是將含有高污染物的污水經(jīng)過(guò)處理達(dá)到排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后排放,減少了污染物的排放量,保護(hù)了水環(huán)境。同時(shí),污水處理又是一項(xiàng)高能耗的工程,需要消耗大量的能源,還可能產(chǎn)生二次污染,比如惡臭、噪聲和污泥等。傳統(tǒng)的評(píng)估和選擇污水處理工藝的方法,未能充分考慮不同工藝對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的總負(fù)荷,僅僅在技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面進(jìn)行考慮和比選,也具有一定的局限性,無(wú)法做到以全面的環(huán)境負(fù)荷去評(píng)價(jià)城市污水的污染問(wèn)題。本文擬通過(guò)分析案例污水廠改造前后的工藝參數(shù)變化,嘗試建立一種較全面的比較和評(píng)估污水廠污水處理工藝、方案的方法。生命周期評(píng)價(jià)(LCA)是一種新興的、具有生命力和發(fā)展前景的環(huán)境管理工具,在國(guó)際上備受關(guān)注,正在越來(lái)越多地被應(yīng)用到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。本文選用生命周期評(píng)價(jià)的方法,借助GaBi軟件的輔助,對(duì)案例污水處理廠改造前的A/O工藝和改造后的A/A/O工藝進(jìn)行生命周期的比較分析,得出結(jié)論：案例污水處理廠改造后的A/A/O工藝中來(lái)自富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化潛力和海洋水生生態(tài)毒性的環(huán)境影響要明顯低于改造前的A/O工藝,而來(lái)自非生物枯竭因子、非生物消耗化石燃料、酸化潛力、淡水水生生態(tài)毒性、人類潛在毒性和潛在生態(tài)毒性的環(huán)境影響略低于改造前的A/O工藝,同時(shí),來(lái)自全球變暖潛能、臭氧層損耗潛力和臭氧層創(chuàng)造潛力的環(huán)境影響略高于改造前的A/O工藝。在所研究的環(huán)境影響類別中,來(lái)自海洋水生生態(tài)毒性的環(huán)境影響貢獻(xiàn)最為顯著,且環(huán)境影響的貢獻(xiàn)值A(chǔ)/A/O工藝低于A/O工藝；其次是全球變暖潛能的環(huán)境影響貢獻(xiàn)略高,且改造前后沒(méi)有顯著變化；其它環(huán)境影響類別的環(huán)境影響貢獻(xiàn)很小。通過(guò)對(duì)兩種工藝的比較和分析得知,改造后的A/A/O工藝優(yōu)于改造前的A/O工藝。為了進(jìn)一步減少污水處理廠的環(huán)境影響,使得其對(duì)環(huán)境造成的影響更小,提出改善建議：污水處理廠實(shí)現(xiàn)減排的同時(shí),也實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能降耗,可以采用根據(jù)溶解氧實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)控曝氣量,使用水源熱泵等方式節(jié)約用電,盡可能地減少電能的消耗,以減少其所帶來(lái)的環(huán)境負(fù)荷；同時(shí),化學(xué)藥劑的采購(gòu)和使用應(yīng)盡量高效,以減少化學(xué)藥品的用量,減少其所帶來(lái)的環(huán)境負(fù)荷；盡可能地增加污水回用量,節(jié)約用水,以增加其環(huán)境正效應(yīng)：在有條件的情況下,盡量考慮污泥厭氧消化能源回用以及污泥N、P的回收,盡可能地減少能源和資源的消耗,帶來(lái)環(huán)境正效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Sewage treatment is an environmental protection project. It can reduce the discharge of pollutants and protect the water environment by treating the sewage containing high pollutants to meet the discharge standard. At the same time, sewage treatment is a high energy consumption project, which needs a lot of energy consumption, and may produce secondary pollution, such as odor, noise and sludge. The traditional methods of evaluating and selecting wastewater treatment processes, which fail to fully take into account the total load of different processes on the environment, only consider and compare the technical and economic aspects, also have some limitations. It is impossible to evaluate the pollution of urban sewage with comprehensive environmental load. This paper attempts to establish a more comprehensive method to compare and evaluate the wastewater treatment process and scheme by analyzing the change of technological parameters before and after the transformation of the wastewater treatment plant. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a new environmental management tool with vitality and development prospects. It has attracted much attention in the world and is being applied to more and more fields. In this paper, the life cycle of A / O process before revamping and A / O process after revamping is compared and analyzed with the aid of Gabi software. It is concluded that the environmental impact from eutrophication potential and marine aquatic ecological toxicity in the modified A- / O process in the case sewage treatment plant is significantly lower than that in the prior A- / O process, but comes from abiotic depletion factors and abiotic consumption of fossil fuels. The environmental impacts of acidification potential, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, human potential toxicity and potential ecological toxicity are slightly lower than those of the pre-revamped A- / O process and, at the same time, from global warming potential. The environmental impact of ozone layer depletion potential and ozone layer creation potential is slightly higher than that of the pre-revamped A- / O process. Among the environmental impact categories studied, the environmental impact from marine aquatic ecological toxicity was the most significant, and the contribution value of the environmental impact was lower than that of the A- / O process, followed by the contribution of the global warming potential to the environmental impact. There is no significant change before and after transformation, and the contribution of other environmental impact categories is very small. Through the comparison and analysis of the two processes, it is found that the modified A / O process is superior to the pre-revamped A / O process. In order to further reduce the environmental impact of the wastewater treatment plant and make the environmental impact smaller, the paper puts forward some suggestions for improvement: while reducing emissions, the wastewater treatment plant can also realize energy saving and consumption reduction, so the aeration rate can be adjusted in real time according to the dissolved oxygen. The use of water source heat pumps and other ways to save electricity and minimize the consumption of electricity in order to reduce the environmental load it brings; at the same time, the purchase and use of chemicals should be as efficient as possible in order to reduce the amount of chemicals used, Reduce its environmental load; increase the amount of wastewater reused as much as possible and save water to increase its positive environmental effects: when conditions are available, try to consider sludge anaerobic digestion energy reuse and sludge NNP recovery, Reduce energy and resource consumption as much as possible and bring about positive environmental effects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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