發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-21 18:33

  本文選題：污染底泥 + 原位修復(fù)��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：污染底泥作為河道的內(nèi)源污染源,是改善河道水系環(huán)境的重要環(huán)節(jié)。在多種底泥治理技術(shù)中,原位生化修復(fù)技術(shù)因其工程量小,修復(fù)效果好,受到廣泛的關(guān)注和應(yīng)用。其中,硝酸鈣在底泥原位生化修復(fù)技術(shù)中工程應(yīng)用最為廣泛。然而,已有研究數(shù)據(jù)表明,投加硝酸鈣后會(huì)引起底泥硝態(tài)氮和氨氮的快速釋放,可能會(huì)對河道生態(tài)環(huán)境造成一定的影響。因此,有必要對原位注射硝酸鈣修復(fù)污染底泥過程中硝態(tài)氮在底泥中的遷移與轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究,以期為原位投加硝酸鈣修復(fù)污染底泥技術(shù)的應(yīng)用改進(jìn)以及后續(xù)環(huán)境影響監(jiān)控提供參考。本文研究通過使用耙式給藥裝置投加硝酸鈣至底泥,考察硝酸鈣在不同顆粒粒徑分布底泥中的擴(kuò)散,并分析投藥耙投藥效率;通過小試研究投加硝酸鈣后,生化修復(fù)過程中底泥硝態(tài)氮遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律;通過柱實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M各種河道場景,分析向顆粒尺寸分布不同、揮發(fā)性硫化物AVS(acid volatile sulfide)濃度不同的底泥投加硝酸鈣,并考慮不同水位變化的條件下,上覆水的變化及影響。研究結(jié)果表明,使用耙式給藥裝置向底泥注射硝酸鈣溶液,底泥顆粒尺寸大小不同,硝態(tài)氮在底泥中的擴(kuò)散規(guī)律不同。在投藥24 h至48 h后可觀察到,在粗砂顆粒粒徑分布的底泥中,藥劑主要集中在垂向斷面上層,水平方向擴(kuò)散范圍為10 cm,投藥效率僅為43%;在粉砂顆粒粒徑分布的底泥中,藥劑主要集中的垂向斷面上層,水平方向擴(kuò)散范圍為10 cm,投藥效率可達(dá)到78%;在粉土顆粒粒徑分布的底泥中,藥劑主要集中的垂向斷面中間層,水平方向擴(kuò)散范圍為5 cm,投藥效率可達(dá)到80%以上。投加硝酸鈣藥劑后,底泥生化修復(fù)過程中硝態(tài)氮還原為氮?dú)獾牧蜃责B(yǎng)反硝化過程占硝態(tài)氮總還原量的90%,還原硝態(tài)氮為氨氮的異化反硝化過程僅占5%-10%。進(jìn)一步探究生化修復(fù)過程中硝態(tài)氮的遷移規(guī)律,觀察到底泥AVS濃度越高,由自養(yǎng)反硝化還原硝態(tài)氮為氮?dú)猱a(chǎn)生的氣腔驅(qū)動(dòng)越大,硝態(tài)氮在底泥中越容易表現(xiàn)為向上遷移的趨勢。當(dāng)?shù)啄郃VS濃度越高、顆粒粒徑越粗,投加硝酸鈣生化修復(fù)過程,容易引起底泥硝態(tài)氮、亞硝氮、氨氮的釋放,帶來的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也越大。此外,相比于水體持續(xù)流動(dòng)更替的場景,在水體流動(dòng)受限的場景下,底泥生化修復(fù)過程更容易引起上覆水無機(jī)氮的積累。
[Abstract]:As an internal pollution source, polluted sediment plays an important role in improving the environment of river system. Among various sediment treatment technologies, in situ biochemical remediation technology is widely concerned and applied because of its small amount of engineering and good restoration effect. Among them, calcium nitrate is most widely used in sediment in situ biochemical restoration technology. However, some research data have shown that adding calcium nitrate can cause the rapid release of nitrate-nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen from sediment, which may have a certain impact on the ecological environment of river channel. Therefore, it is necessary to study the migration and transformation of nitrate nitrogen in contaminated sediment during in-situ injection of calcium nitrate. In order to provide reference for the application and improvement of in-situ calcium nitrate for remediation of contaminated sediment and subsequent monitoring of environmental impact. In this paper, the diffusion of calcium nitrate in sediment with different particle size distribution was investigated by adding calcium nitrate to sediment in a rake dispensing device, and the feed efficiency of rake was analyzed. In the process of biochemical remediation, the transport and transformation of nitrate in sediment were simulated by column experiment, and the calcium nitrate was added to the sediment with different particle size distribution and volatile sulfide concentration. The change and influence of overlying water are considered under the condition of different water level change. The results show that when calcium nitrate solution is injected into the sediment with rake dispensing device, the particle size of the sediment is different, and the diffusion law of nitrate nitrogen in the sediment is different. After 24 h to 48 h, it was observed that in the sediment with coarse sand particle size distribution, the fungicides were mainly concentrated in the upper layer of vertical section, the horizontal diffusion range was 10 cm, and the dosing efficiency was only 43%, and in the sediment with silty sand particle size distribution, The upper layer of vertical section is mainly concentrated, the horizontal diffusion range is 10 cm, the dosing efficiency can reach 78%, and in the sediment of silt particle size distribution, the intermediate layer of vertical section is mainly concentrated. The horizontal diffusion range is 5 cm and the dosing efficiency is over 80%. After adding calcium nitrate, the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process of reducing nitrate nitrogen to nitrogen accounted for 90% of the total reduction amount of nitrate nitrogen, and the dissimilatory denitrification process of reducing nitrate nitrogen to ammonia nitrogen accounted for only 5-10% of the total reduction amount of nitrate nitrogen. It is observed that the higher the AVS concentration of sediment, the greater the gas chamber driven by autotrophic denitrification to reduce nitrate nitrogen into nitrogen, and the more easily the nitrate nitrogen is transported upward in the sediment. When the concentration of AVS in sediment is higher, the particle size is thicker, and the biochemical remediation process of adding calcium nitrate is easy to cause the release of nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, and the environmental risk is also greater. In addition, under the condition of limited water flow, the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in overlying water is more likely to be caused by the biochemical remediation process of sediment than in the scenario of continuous water flow replacement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52

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