本文選題：單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮 + 顆粒污泥��； 參考：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著氮素污染的加劇,廢水生物脫氮技術(shù)已引起世界各國(guó)的普遍關(guān)注。單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮工藝是指自養(yǎng)菌在單一系統(tǒng)內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)NH4+到N2的全部轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程,整個(gè)過(guò)程不消耗有機(jī)碳源,耗氧量少,尤其適合處理高氨氮、低碳氮比廢水,是一種極具應(yīng)用前景的高效低耗生物脫氮技術(shù)。由于單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮系統(tǒng)中氮轉(zhuǎn)化途徑復(fù)雜,可能涉及到全程硝化反硝化、短程硝化反硝化、厭氧氨氧化等多條脫氮途徑,關(guān)于系統(tǒng)中的主導(dǎo)脫氮途徑,目前研究尚存在爭(zhēng)議;同時(shí)單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮工藝在啟動(dòng)和運(yùn)行過(guò)程中,脫氮途徑可能會(huì)發(fā)生動(dòng)態(tài)演替,這些都不利于該工藝的精確調(diào)控及性能優(yōu)化,進(jìn)而限制了其在實(shí)際工程中的應(yīng)用。針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題,本研究以顆粒污泥為介質(zhì),在SBR反應(yīng)器內(nèi)構(gòu)建單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮系統(tǒng),結(jié)合批式實(shí)驗(yàn)和物料衡算,對(duì)系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)中各階段的脫氮途徑進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)研究,同時(shí)采用qPCR技術(shù)對(duì)系統(tǒng)不同階段污泥的菌群結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行定量分析。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)在SBR反應(yīng)器中接種城市污水廠氧化溝系統(tǒng)硝化污泥,采用人工配置的高氨氮廢水為進(jìn)水,在溫度為30±2℃,pH為8±0.2條件下,經(jīng)好氧顆粒污泥培養(yǎng)、亞硝化啟動(dòng)和單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮工藝啟動(dòng)三個(gè)階段,反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行284天后成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮。在進(jìn)水氨氮濃度為200mg·L-1時(shí),系統(tǒng)氨氮轉(zhuǎn)化率可達(dá)96.5%,脫氮率可達(dá)89.1%,脫氮性能良好。(2)采用物料衡算和批式實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的手段,研究了系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)中各階段的氮轉(zhuǎn)化途徑。研究表明:①在好氧顆粒污泥階段和亞硝化階段,系統(tǒng)內(nèi)主導(dǎo)脫氮途徑是硝化反硝化脫氮途徑。好氧顆粒污泥培養(yǎng)階段,出水中氮所占比例為6%,反硝化去除的氮占72%,剩余污泥排走的氮為6%,系統(tǒng)的氮平衡為91.27%,。②亞硝化階段,隨著進(jìn)水氨氮濃度逐漸升高和COD濃度逐漸降低,系統(tǒng)亞硝化效果越來(lái)越好,硝化反硝化途徑所占的脫氮比例也逐漸降低,在第82d到第110d,通過(guò)反硝化作用去除的氮在70%以上,是系統(tǒng)最大的脫氮途徑,到第114d后,反硝化脫氮比例顯著下降,最終降至14.57%;同時(shí)通過(guò)出水帶走的氮所占比例大幅上升,由最初的4.47%最終升至82.66%。③單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮階段,系統(tǒng)存在多種脫氮途徑,分別為亞硝化+厭氧氨氧化、硝化反硝化和氨吹脫。各途徑脫氮貢獻(xiàn)率分別為:硝化反硝化7.32%,氨吹脫5%,亞硝化+厭氧氨氧化57.88%。同時(shí),系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存在兩條厭氧氨氧化途徑:途徑一,一部分NH4+發(fā)生短程硝化生成NO2-,由NO2-生成NH2OH,NH2OH與剩余的NH4+反應(yīng)生成N2H4,最終N2H4進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)化為N2;途徑二,由NH4+生成NH2OH,NH2OH再與系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的NO2-反應(yīng)生成N2O,最后轉(zhuǎn)化為N2。途徑一所占比例較大,為32.71%;途徑二所占比例為25.16%。(3)采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量核酸擴(kuò)增檢測(cè)(qPCR)技術(shù),以接種污泥、亞硝化污泥和單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮污泥為對(duì)象,對(duì)其氨氧化菌(AOB)、亞硝酸鹽氧化菌(NOB)、反硝化菌(DNF)和厭氧氨氧化菌(AAOB)等主要功能菌的動(dòng)態(tài)演替進(jìn)行了定量分析。結(jié)果表明:接種污泥、亞硝化污泥和單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮污泥中的AAOB基因拷貝數(shù)分別645個(gè)·μL-1,6790個(gè)·μL-1和74800個(gè)·μL-1,說(shuō)明AAOB在亞硝化階段有小幅度的增加,在單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮階段大量的富集;三種污泥中AOB基因拷貝數(shù)分別為10600個(gè)·μL-1、28000個(gè)·μL-1和22000個(gè)·μL-1,說(shuō)明AOB在亞硝化階段得到大量的富集,在單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮階段AOB和AAOB形成有機(jī)的平衡,其數(shù)量稍微減少;接種污泥中NOB基因拷貝數(shù)量最多,為17610個(gè)·μL-1,在亞硝化階段由于AOB的競(jìng)爭(zhēng),NOB被大量淘汰,其基因拷貝數(shù)減少至2830,在單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮階段,由于系統(tǒng)主要進(jìn)行厭氧反應(yīng),NOB被進(jìn)一步淘汰,基因拷貝數(shù)只有669個(gè)·μL-1,DNF基因拷貝數(shù)的變化規(guī)律同NOB。這一結(jié)果也驗(yàn)證了單級(jí)自養(yǎng)脫氮系統(tǒng)各啟動(dòng)階段的主要氮轉(zhuǎn)化途徑研究是正確的。
[Abstract]:With the aggravation of nitrogen pollution, the biological denitrification technology of wastewater has caused widespread concern all over the world. Single autotrophic nitrogen removal technology refers to the complete transformation process of autotrophic bacteria to realize NH4+ to N2 in a single system. The whole process does not consume organic carbon source and has less oxygen consumption. It is especially suitable for high ammonia nitrogen and low carbon and nitrogen waste water. It is a kind of great application. The high efficiency and low consumption biological denitrification technology in the future. Due to the complexity of nitrogen conversion in the single stage autotrophic and denitrification system, it may involve many ways of denitrification, short range nitrification and denitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation and other ways of denitrification. There are still disputes about the leading denitrification pathway in the system. In the process of operation, the dynamic succession of nitrogen removal pathway may occur, which are not conducive to the precise control and performance optimization of the process, and thus restrict its application in practical engineering. In view of the above problems, this study uses granular sludge as the medium to construct a single stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system in the SBR reactor, combined with batch experiment and material balance calculation. The dynamic study of the denitrification pathway at various stages of the system was carried out, and the qPCR technique was used to quantitatively analyze the structure of the sludge in different stages of the system. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) inoculating the nitrification sludge in the oxidation ditch system of the urban sewage plant in the SBR reactor, and using the high ammonia nitrogen wastewater as the influent in the human configuration, at a temperature of 30 + 2 Under the condition of 8 + 0.2 pH, the aerobic granular sludge culture, nitrification start and single stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process started three stages, and the single stage autotrophic nitrogen removal was achieved successfully after the reactor operation 284 days. When the influent ammonia nitrogen concentration is 200mg L-1, the system ammonia nitrogen conversion rate can reach 96.5%, the nitrogen removal rate is up to 89.1%, and the denitrification performance is good. (2) materials are adopted. The nitrogen conversion pathway at various stages of the system was studied by means of balance calculation and batch experiment. The study showed that: (1) the dominant denitrification pathway in the aerobic granular sludge stage and nitrification stage is nitrification denitrification denitrification. The proportion of nitrogen in the effluent of aerobic granular sludge is 6%, and the denitrification nitrogen is 72. The nitrogen balance of the residual sludge was 6% and the nitrogen balance of the system was 91.27%. (2) the nitrification stage, with the gradual increase of the ammonia nitrogen concentration and the gradual decrease of the COD concentration, the system nitrification effect became better and better. The denitrification ratio of nitrification and denitrification was gradually reduced, and the nitrogen removal by denitrification was more than 70% in 82d to 110D. It is the largest denitrification pathway of the system. After 114d, the denitrification denitrification ratio decreases significantly and eventually drops to 14.57%, while the proportion of nitrogen taken away by the effluent rises substantially, from the initial 4.47% to the single stage autotrophic nitrogen removal stage, and there are a variety of denitrification pathways, respectively, nitrification + ANAMMOX, nitrification and denitrification. The contribution rates of nitrogen removal are as follows: nitrification and denitrification 7.32%, ammonia stripping 5%, nitrification and anammox 57.88%. simultaneously, the system is stored in two anammox pathways: one, one part of NH4+ produces NO2-, NH2OH is generated by NO2-, NH2OH and the remaining NH4+ react to N2H4, and N2H4 is eventually transformed into N2; route two, NH2OH is generated by NH4+, and NH2OH is reacted with NO2- in the system to generate N2O. Finally, the proportion of N2. pathway is larger, 32.71%, and the proportion of the two is 25.16%. (3) using real time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection (qPCR) technology to inoculate the sludge, nitrosation sludge and single autotrophic denitrification sludge as the object and ammonia. The dynamic succession of major functional bacteria, such as oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB), denitrifying bacteria (DNF) and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AAOB), was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the copies of AAOB gene copies in the inoculated sludge, nitrosation sludge and single autotrophic nitrogen removal sludge were 645. Mu, L-16790, mu L-1 and 74800. Mu L-1, respectively, indicating AAOB There is a small increase in the nitrosation stage and a large amount of enrichment in the stage of single autotrophic nitrogen removal. The number of copies of AOB genes in the three kinds of sludge are 10600. L-128000, mu L-1 and 22000. L-1 respectively, indicating that AOB has been enriched in the nitrosation stage and formed an organic balance in the single stage autotrophic denitrification stage AOB and AAOB, with a slight amount of it. The number of NOB gene copies in the inoculated sludge was the most, 17610. Mu L-1. In the nitrosation stage, the NOB was eliminated by the competition of AOB, and the copy number of the gene was reduced to 2830. In the single stage autotrophic nitrogen removal stage, the NOB was only 669. L-1, and the copy number of the DNF gene was only 669. L-1. The results show that the main nitrogen transformation pathway in the start-up stage of the single stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system is correct by NOB..
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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本文編號(hào)：2045558