本文選題：叢枝菌根真菌 + 銫　； 參考：《西南科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,核素銫對土壤造成的污染日益嚴重,植物提取技術(shù)是最常用的生物修復(fù)技術(shù),但修復(fù)植物的生物量往往成為制約提取效率的因素。經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)叢枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza l fungi,AMF)是一類能夠與80%以上陸生植物根系形成互利共生體的內(nèi)生菌根真菌,能夠與宿主植物根系形成龐大的菌絲網(wǎng),增強植物對土壤中礦質(zhì)元素的吸收,提高對重金屬和核素的耐受性。本研究以盆栽宿根高粱(Sorghum halpense.L)為植物修復(fù)材料,進行銫污染和接種菌根處理,分析不同處理對宿根高粱根際土壤酶活性、礦質(zhì)元素的吸收效率、生長狀況、As A-GSH循環(huán)系統(tǒng)以及銫富集能力的影響,探討AMF在植物修復(fù)核素銫污染土壤領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用前景,為今后利用AMF-植物共生體復(fù)墾銫污染土壤提供理論參考。本研究的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:1銫脅迫下宿根高粱菌根侵染率及依賴性研究銫脅迫下宿根高粱接種5種不同AMF(G lomus geosporum,G.m o ss e ae,G.d i ap ha n um,G.v e r s if o rm e,G.et u n i cat um)后菌根侵染率均顯著高于對照,以接種G.diaphanum最為顯著,達到了63.38%。同時,菌根依賴性也均顯著高于對照,以接種G.versiform e最為顯著,達到了156.32%,其它處理菌根依賴性順序為:G.m osseaeG.et u n i cat umG.g e os p or umG.d ia ph a num,說明宿根高粱是菌根依賴性植物。2 AMF對宿根高粱根際土壤肥力、土壤酶及生物量的影響銫脅迫下宿根高粱接種AMF后促進了根際土壤酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和過氧化氫酶的活性,分別以接種G.diaphanum,G.m osseae和G.et unicat um處理最顯著,分別是對照的7.5 8,2.26和1.12倍。相反,接種AMF后顯著抑制了根際土壤脲酶的活性,其中對接種G.ge o sp o rum處理抑制作用最顯著,其酶活性為對照的8 4.2 1%。另一方面,宿根高粱接種AMF后增強了對土壤中銨態(tài)氮、有效磷、有機質(zhì)的吸收,且生長量得到了提高,其中葉干重、莖干重和根長分別以接種G.diaphanum,G.v ersif orme和G.etunicat um增幅最顯著,分別為43.93%,74.28%和92.60%,接種G.m osseae顯著增強了地下部干重、株高和莖粗,分別是未接種的2.02,1.65和1.33倍。宿根高粱根長、株高與根際土壤酶的回歸分析表明,根長與土壤酶的相關(guān)性大于株高。說明接種amf后能增強宿根高粱根際土壤酶的活性,促進植物根部對土壤中礦質(zhì)元素的吸收,進而增加寄主植物的生物量。3amf對銫脅迫下宿根高粱asa-gsh循環(huán)的影響銫脅迫下接種amf提高了宿根高粱根系和葉片抗壞血酸(ascorbicacid,asa)和還原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,gsh)含量,降低了脫氫抗壞血酸(dehydroascorbateacid,dha)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(oxidasedglutathione,gssg)含量,提高了asa/dha和gsh/gssg比值。同時,銫脅迫下接種5種不同amf增強了宿根高粱asa-gsh循環(huán)的抗氧化酶活性,其中接種g.mosseae處理后顯著提高了根系中過氧化物酶(ascorbateperoxidase,apx)、脫氫抗壞血酸酶(dehydroascorbatereductase,dhar)和谷胱甘肽還原酶(glutathionereductase,gr)酶活性,分別相當于對照的2.34,3.50和3.78倍,而接種g.versiforme處理顯著提高了單脫氫抗壞血酸還原酶(monodehydroascorbatereductase,mdhar)活性;另外,接種g.geosporum處理顯著增加了葉片mdhar和gr酶活性,而接種g.versiforme和g.mosseae處理對apx和dhar酶活性影響最顯著。由此可以說明,銫脅迫下宿根高粱接種amf處理增強了根系和葉片抗氧化酶活性,促進了抗氧化物質(zhì)asa和gsh的再生,進而增強銫脅迫能力。菌根侵染率與宿根高粱根部和葉子部asa-gsh循環(huán)的相關(guān)性分析表明,菌根侵染率與抗氧化物質(zhì)asa和gsh,抗氧化酶apx、mdhar、dhar和gr及氧化還原態(tài)比值asa/dha、gsh/gssg呈正相關(guān),與gssg、dha呈負相關(guān);說明接種amf增強了銫脅迫下宿根高粱的抗氧化能力,提高了對銫抗脅迫能力。4amf對宿根高粱修復(fù)核素銫的評價接種amf后增強了宿根高粱對核素銫的富集能力,顯著增加了地上部和地下部銫含量,葉子較根系是主要的富集器官,促進了地上部對銫的富集,降低了土壤中銫殘留量,同時地上部和地下部銫富集系數(shù)均高于未接種,分別以接種g.versiforme和g.mosseae富集系數(shù)最大,分別為10.41和2.3,接種g.diaphanum轉(zhuǎn)運系數(shù)最大為5.03。相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果表明,菌根侵染率與地上部和地下部銫含量呈正相關(guān),與土壤中銫殘留量呈負相關(guān),地上部和地下部銫富集系數(shù)與根際過氧化氫酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶呈正相關(guān),說明接種AMF后增強了銫脅迫下宿根高粱根際土壤酶活性,促進了宿根高粱對土壤中銫的吸收、遷移和轉(zhuǎn)運。而地上部和地下部銫富集系數(shù)與脲酶呈負相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為-0.97*,-0.98*,說明接種叢枝菌根真菌后銫對脲酶的抑制作用可能大于叢枝菌根對根際脲酶的促進作用,從而脲酶可作為衡量土壤中核素銫污染的一個生理指標。
[Abstract]:At present, the pollution caused by nuclide cesium is becoming more and more serious. Plant extraction is the most commonly used bioremediation technology, but the biomass of plants is often a factor restricting the efficiency of extraction. It is found that the Arbuscular Mycorrhiza l fungi (AMF) is a kind of mutual benefit to the root system of more than 80% terrestrial plants. The endophytic mycorrhizal fungi of the symbiont can form a large mycelial net with the root of the host plant, enhance the absorption of the mineral elements in the soil and improve the tolerance to the heavy metals and nuclides. In this study, the potted perennial root sorghum (Sorghum halpense.L) was used as a phytoremediation material for cesium pollution and inoculation of mycorrhizal treatment, and the different treatments were analyzed. The effects of the enzyme activity of perennial sorghum rhizosphere soil, the absorption efficiency of mineral elements, the growth status, the As A-GSH cycle system and the accumulation of cesium were discussed, and the application prospect of AMF in the field of phytoremediation of nuclide contaminated soil was discussed, and the theoretical reference for the future reclamation of caesium contaminated soil soil with AMF- plant symbionts was provided. The infection rate and dependence of the root sorghum mycorrhiza under 1 caesium stress were studied under the stress of 5 different AMF (G lomus geosporum, G.m o SS e AE, G.d I AP). The root dependence was also significantly higher than that of the control, with the most significant inoculation of G.versiform e, reaching 156.32%. The other treatment of mycorrhizal dependence was G.m osseaeG.et U N I cat umG.g e OS P. After inoculation of AMF under cesium stress, the activity of acid phosphatase, invertase and catalase in rhizosphere soil was promoted by inoculating G.diaphanum, G.m osseae and G.et Unicat um, respectively, 7.5 8,2.26 and 1.12 times of control respectively. On the contrary, the activity of rhizosphere soil urease was inhibited significantly after inoculation of AMF, and G.g was inoculated for G.g. The inhibition effect of e o SP o rum was the most significant, and its enzyme activity was 84.2 1%. on the other hand. After inoculation with AMF, the root sorghum was inoculated with AMF and enhanced the absorption of ammonium nitrogen, effective phosphorus and organic matter in the soil, and the growth was improved. The leaf dry weight, stem weight and root length were respectively increased by inoculation of G.diaphanum, G.v ersif Orme and G.etunicat. Significantly, 43.93%, 74.28% and 92.60% respectively, inoculated G.m osseae significantly enhanced the dry weight of the underground, the plant height and the stem diameter, respectively, the uninoculated 2.02,1.65 and 1.33 times. The root length of the sorghum root was long, the plant height and the rhizosphere soil enzyme showed that the correlation between root length and soil enzyme was greater than that of plant height. It indicated that the root soil of perennial root sorghum could be enhanced after inoculation of AMF. The activity of soil enzyme promotes the absorption of mineral elements in soil roots, and then increases the biomass of host plants.3amf on the AsA-GSH cycle of perennial sorghum under cesium stress. The inoculation of AMF under cesium stress increases the content of ascorbicacid, ASA and glutathione, GSH in the roots of sorghum and leaves of perennial root sorghum and leaves and reduced glutathione (GSH). The content of dehydroascorbic acid (dehydroascorbateacid, DHA) and oxidized glutathione (oxidasedglutathione, GSSG) increased the ratio of asa/dha to gsh/gssg. At the same time, inoculation of 5 different AMF under cesium stress enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity of the perennial root sorghum AsA-GSH cycle, which significantly increased the peroxides in the root system after the inoculation of g.mosseae. Enzyme (ascorbateperoxidase, APX), dehydrogenase ascorbase (dehydroascorbatereductase, DHAR) and glutathione reductase (glutathionereductase, GR) enzyme activities are equivalent to the control of 2.34,3.50 and 3.78 times, respectively, while g.versiforme treatment significantly improves the activity of mono dehydrogenate ascorbate reductase (monodehydroascorbatereductase, MDHAR). In addition, inoculation with g.geosporum significantly increased the activity of MDHAR and GR enzymes in leaves, while g.versiforme and g.mosseae treatments had the most significant effects on the activity of APX and DHAR enzymes. Thus, it was suggested that the inoculation of perennial root sorghum with AMF under cesium stress enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activity of roots and leaves, and promoted the regeneration of ASA and GSH of antioxidants. The correlation analysis between mycorrhizal infection rate and AsA-GSH cycle of root and leaf of perennial root showed that the infection rate of mycorrhiza was positively correlated with antioxidant enzyme ASA and GSH, antioxidant enzyme APX, MDHAR, DHAR and GR and the ratio of redox state asa/dha, gsh/gssg, and GSSG and DHA, indicating that inoculation AMF enhanced the cesium stress. The antioxidant capacity of perennial sorghum increased the ability of.4amf to repair the nuclide in sorghum with the ability to resist the cesium resistance. After AMF, the enrichment ability of perennial sorghum on nuclide was enhanced, and cesium content in the upper and underground parts of the sorghum was enhanced, and the leaf root was the main concentrator Officer, which promoted the enrichment of cesium in the upper part of the ground and reduced the soil. The concentration coefficient of cesium in the soil was higher than that of uninoculated, and the enrichment coefficient of g.versiforme and g.mosseae was the largest, respectively, 10.41 and 2.3 respectively. The maximum 5.03. correlation analysis showed that the infection rate of mycorrhiza was positively correlated with the content of cesium in the upper and underground parts. Cesium residues in the soil were negatively correlated, and the cesium enrichment coefficient in the upper and underground parts was positively correlated with the rhizosphere catalase, sucrase and acid phosphatase, indicating that after AMF, it enhanced the enzyme activity in the rhizosphere soil of the perennial sorghum under the stress of cesium and promoted the absorption, migration and transport of cesium in the soil, and the cesium in the upper and underground parts was rich. The coefficient of collection was negatively correlated with urease, and the correlation coefficient was -0.97*, -0.98*, indicating that the inhibition of cesium to urease after inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may be greater than that of arbuscular mycorrhizal urease, thus urease can be used as a physiological index to measure the pollution of nuclide caesium in soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S514;X53

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