本文選題：上海市景觀水體 + 浮游植物�。� 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著上海景觀水體面積的不斷增多,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和生活水平的不斷提高,人們對于居住環(huán)境的要求也越來越高,景觀水體的水質(zhì)狀況也越來越成為人們關(guān)心和重視的對象。浮游植物對其周圍的環(huán)境污染非常敏感,它的群落特征可客觀反映出水質(zhì)狀況的好壞,是水域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中一項重要的指示生物。本研究選取上海市31處公園及景觀水體,于2014年分4個季度對其浮游植物(藍藻門、金藻門、黃藻門、隱藻門、甲藻門、綠藻門、硅藻門、裸藻門和綠藻門)群落進行調(diào)查研究,分析浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與環(huán)境因子的關(guān)系,并對上海景觀水體的水質(zhì)狀況進行綜合評價。得到主要結(jié)果如下:1.此次調(diào)查共鑒定浮游植物206種,隸屬于7門72屬,其中綠藻門種類數(shù)最豐富為40屬100種,其次為硅藻門21屬42種,藍藻門16屬25種,裸藻門6屬20種,金藻門6屬10種,隱藻門2屬6種,黃藻門2屬3種。由圖3-1可見,浮游植物中綠藻門種類數(shù)最多,占浮游植物總種類數(shù)的47%,黃藻門最少,僅占總種類數(shù)的1%。浮游植物種類數(shù)的四季差異明顯,為夏季春季秋季冬季。2.上海景觀水體浮游植物數(shù)量生物量年平均值在各水體間的變動范圍為162~31988萬個/L,其中藍藻門所占浮游植物數(shù)量生物量的比重最大;各水體的年均數(shù)量生物量的季節(jié)變化差異明顯。浮游植物重量生物量年平均值的平面變動范圍為1.08~67.79 mg/L,各水體浮游植物的年均重量生物量季節(jié)變化差異明顯。3.上海景觀水體浮游植物優(yōu)勢種分別為藍藻門的微囊藻(Microcystis spp.)、細小平裂藻(Merismopedia minima)、偽魚腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.),金藻門的色金藻(Chromulina sp.)、黃群藻(Synura uvella),隱藻門的尖尾藍隱藻(Chroomonas acuta)、嚙蝕隱藻(Cryptomonas erosa),硅藻門的梅尼小環(huán)藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、,綠藻門的單角盤星藻(Pediastrum simplex)、四尾柵藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)。四個季度的優(yōu)勢種有所不同。但大部分的浮游植物優(yōu)勢種均指示水體為中污染水體。4.通過Pearson相關(guān)性分析得出,水溫(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、化學(xué)需氧量(COD)、總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)與浮游植物各指標呈現(xiàn)顯著或極顯著的相關(guān)性。同時為了探究景觀水體污染和富營養(yǎng)化程度對浮游植物的綜合影響,利用COD、TN、TP指標進行聚類分析,將所調(diào)查的31個水體劃分為四類。發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著水體污染和富營養(yǎng)化程度的增加,浮游植物的生物量也有明顯增加的趨勢,與景觀水體水質(zhì)特征關(guān)系密切。5.上海景觀水體浮游植物Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)(H')年平均值在各水體間的變動范圍為3.52~4.76,Margalef指數(shù)(D)變動范圍為16.90~19.24,均勻度指數(shù)(J)變動范圍為0.27~0.42;Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)(H')的季節(jié)變化為,春季冬季秋季夏季,Margalef指數(shù)(D)的季節(jié)變化為,夏季冬季春季秋季。均勻度指數(shù)(J)的四季變化為,冬季春季秋季夏季。利用理化指標、優(yōu)勢種、多樣性指數(shù)評價方法分別對上海市景觀水體的污染狀況和富營養(yǎng)化程度進行評價。根據(jù)Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)評價上海市景觀水體基本處于輕污染至重污染狀態(tài)。根據(jù)Margalef指數(shù)評價上海景觀水體為清潔-重污染狀態(tài)。根據(jù)Pielou均勻度指數(shù)評價上海市景觀水體基本處于中污染至重污染狀態(tài)。按照各指數(shù)評價水體的結(jié)果不完全一致,但綜合來說上海景觀水體基本處于中污-重污染狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:With the increasing area of the landscape water in Shanghai and the increasing economic development and living standard, the demand for the living environment is becoming more and more high. The water quality of the landscape water is becoming more and more concerned about. The phytoplankton is very sensitive to the environmental pollution around it, and the characteristics of its community can be reflected objectively. The quality of water quality is an important indicator in water ecosystem. In this study, 31 parks and landscape water bodies in Shanghai were selected to investigate the phytoplankton community (Cyanobacteria gate, alga gate, alga gate, alga gate, algae gate, alga gate, green algae gate, diatom gate, naked algae gate and green algae gate) in 2014 and 4 quarters. The relationship between the plant community structure and environmental factors, and the comprehensive evaluation of the water quality of Shanghai landscape water. The main results are as follows: 1. this survey has identified 206 species of phytoplankton, belonging to 7 gates and 72 genera, among which there are 100 species of green algae, followed by 42 species of diatom gate 21, 25 of cyanobacteria and 6 genera of naked algae gate. There are 6 genera and 10 species of golden algae, 6 species of cryptoalgae gate and 3 species of 2 genus of yellow algae gate. It is seen from Figure 3-1 that the number of green algae gate in phytoplankton is the most, accounting for 47% of the total phytoplankton species number, the yellow algae gate is the least, and the number of 1%. phytoplankton species in the total species number is distinct, which is the phytoplankton number of.2. Shanghai landscape in autumn and winter in summer and winter. The annual mean value of biomass in each water body is 162~31988 ten thousand /L, of which the proportion of phytoplankton biomass is the largest, and the seasonal variation of the annual average biomass of each water body is distinct. The range of the annual average value of phytoplankton weight is 1.08~67.79 mg/L, and the phytoplankton in various water bodies The seasonal variation of the annual average weight of biomass was obvious in.3. Shanghai landscape water phytoplankton species, Microcystis spp., Merismopedia minima (Merismopedia minima), pseudo-anabaena (Pseudanabaena sp.), gold algae (Chromulina sp.) of golden algae gate, Huang Qunzao (Synura uvella), and saphenous cyanobacteria of cryptoalgae gate (Synura uvella). Chroomonas acuta), rodent cryptoalgae (Cryptomonas erosa), microalgae (Cyclotella meneghiniana) of diatom gate, the single algal alga (Pediastrum simplex) and four algae (Scenedesmus quadricauda) of green algae gate. The dominant species in the four quarter were different, but most of the phytoplankton dominant species indicated that the water body was a medium polluted water body. Through Pearson correlation analysis, water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and phytoplankton have significant or extremely significant correlation. In order to explore the comprehensive effects of landscape water pollution and eutrophication on phytoplankton, cluster analysis using COD, TN, TP indexes will be used. The 31 waters of the survey were divided into four types. It was found that with the increase of water pollution and eutrophication, the biomass of phytoplankton increased significantly, which was closely related to the water quality characteristics of the landscape water body. The average annual average of the Shannon-Wiener index of phytoplankton (H') in Shanghai landscape water was 3.52~4.76, Marga The variation range of lef index (D) is 16.90~19.24, the variation range of the evenness index (J) is 0.27~0.42, and the seasonal variation of Shannon-Wiener index (H') is the seasonal variation of Margalef index (D) in spring, winter, autumn and summer, spring and autumn in summer and winter. The seasonal variation of the evenness index (J) is in winter and spring and autumn and summer. The evaluation method of species and diversity index on the pollution and eutrophication of Shanghai landscape water respectively. According to the Shannon-Wiener index, the landscape water in Shanghai is basically in the state of light pollution to heavy pollution. According to the Margalef index, the landscape water in Shanghai is a clean and heavy pollution state. According to the uniformity of Pielou, the water body is evaluated. The evaluation of Shanghai landscape water is basically in the state of medium pollution to heavy pollution. The results of evaluating water bodies according to the indexes are not completely consistent, but the landscape water body of Shanghai is basically in the state of medium pollution and heavy pollution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：Q948.8;X824

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