本文選題：養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物 + 碳源　； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：以養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物為碳源的反硝化脫氮研究受到越來越多的研究者的關(guān)注。養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物來源于飼料,其中含有大量可生化降解的物質(zhì),固體廢棄物通過水解釋放的化學(xué)需氧量約占飼料的39%~44%,將水解釋放的產(chǎn)物用作反硝化的碳源,發(fā)現(xiàn)脫氮效果顯著,既能達(dá)到凈化水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖水環(huán)境,還可以實(shí)現(xiàn)廢棄物的資源化。然而,養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物水解釋放有機(jī)物的同時約有51%的氮和64%的磷成為廢物,其中51%的氮主要是以氨氮的形式存在,相關(guān)學(xué)者的研究結(jié)果表明產(chǎn)生氨氮的含量約為產(chǎn)生COD含量的11%。盡管養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物能為異養(yǎng)反硝化提供充足的碳源,但同時會帶來大量的有害副產(chǎn)物氮和磷。因此,如何有效利用廢棄物,成為本試驗(yàn)的研究重點(diǎn)。同步硝化反硝化(simultaneous nitrification and denitrification,SND)作用是使在污泥外部好氧區(qū)形成的NOx-,通過內(nèi)層缺氧區(qū)反硝化作用降低從而減少主體溶液中NOx-(NO2-+NO3-)的積累;有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),顆粒污泥一定的粒徑和緊密結(jié)構(gòu)會導(dǎo)致DO在污泥內(nèi)部傳質(zhì)時形成好氧區(qū)/缺氧區(qū)/厭氧區(qū)從而有利于系統(tǒng)的同步脫氮除磷。本試驗(yàn)利用同步硝化反硝化顆粒污泥,以養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物水解產(chǎn)物為碳源對養(yǎng)殖廢水進(jìn)行脫氮除磷,通過測定TAN、NO3-N、NO2-N、TP等水質(zhì)指標(biāo),觀察活性污泥各個時期硝化作用、反硝化作用的效果,判斷反應(yīng)器是否穩(wěn)定,反應(yīng)效果是否理想,旨在達(dá)到凈化水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖水環(huán)境,實(shí)現(xiàn)廢棄物的資源化利用。實(shí)驗(yàn)主要分為以下三個部分:1.養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物為碳源對養(yǎng)殖廢水SND脫氮除磷的初步研究本實(shí)驗(yàn)的接種污泥是來自污水處理廠厭氧工藝階段的活性污泥,旨在提高養(yǎng)殖廢水處理效果,探索以養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物水解產(chǎn)物為碳源的養(yǎng)殖廢水脫氮除磷的效果,減少固體廢棄物水解所帶來的有害副產(chǎn)物,為以養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物水解產(chǎn)物為碳源對養(yǎng)殖廢水的脫氮除磷的進(jìn)一步研究提供理論參考。采用連續(xù)低曝氣量的序批式反應(yīng)器(SBR)處理裝置,通過人工模擬養(yǎng)殖廢水馴化同步硝化反硝化(Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification,SND)脫氮污泥,以養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物為碳源的養(yǎng)殖廢水脫氮除磷。在水力停留時間(Hydraulic Retention Time,HRT)為12 h,溶氧(Dissolve Oxygen,DO)濃度為2.5 mg/L左右的條件下,有機(jī)物(COD)、NH4+-N、NO3--N和溶解性總氮(TDN)的去除率分別為76.5%、60.7%、76.6%、65.6%;在脫氮的同時發(fā)現(xiàn)反應(yīng)器具有良好的除磷能力,養(yǎng)殖廢水中溶解性總磷(TDP)去除率達(dá)到68.5%,表明利用該反應(yīng)裝置,能為養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物作碳源的脫氮除磷凈化工藝提供技術(shù)方案。2.不同C/N比對SND系統(tǒng)的脫氮除磷效果研究本部分根據(jù)研究內(nèi)容1的結(jié)果,依次選取C/N 12、7、20、25,研究在以養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物水解產(chǎn)物為碳源下的不同C/N比的處理效果。污泥經(jīng)過25 d的馴化培養(yǎng),反應(yīng)器中形成了具有較高活性的同步硝化反硝化能力的污泥,以養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物為碳源處理養(yǎng)殖廢水,反應(yīng)器中的COD、NO3--N、NH4+-N最大去除率分別能達(dá)到97.87%、94.95%、88.90%,且NO2--N完全不發(fā)生累積,其中C/N=7.35,即50 g濕重的養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物與2 L的養(yǎng)殖廢水配比最佳,脫氮除磷效果最好,對TN的去除率在87%左右,能夠較好完成同步脫氮除磷實(shí)現(xiàn)養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物的資源化利用。3.以養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物為碳源的SND系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性及進(jìn)水方式優(yōu)化的研究針對養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物水解產(chǎn)物的復(fù)雜性和波動性,本部分研究了以養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物水解為碳源時反應(yīng)器脫氮除磷的穩(wěn)態(tài)性研究,并探討了不同進(jìn)水方式下反應(yīng)器的處理效果,從而為養(yǎng)殖固體廢棄物水解產(chǎn)物為碳源的實(shí)踐性應(yīng)用提供理論支持。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,反應(yīng)器持續(xù)運(yùn)行一個月,不同C/N比的試驗(yàn)組運(yùn)行均穩(wěn)定,其中C/N=4.96的去除效果優(yōu)于C/N=3.97、7.34;TN、DOC、TP的平均去除率分別為83.8%、82.9%、65.5%。在不同進(jìn)水方式實(shí)驗(yàn)中,進(jìn)水方式的調(diào)節(jié)對處理效果的提高不顯著;在一次性進(jìn)水的方式下,在反應(yīng)2 h后添加一定量的乙酸鈉,發(fā)現(xiàn)脫氮效率從77.68%提高到82.66%,但對除磷效果不明顯。
[Abstract]:More and more researchers pay attention to denitrification from the production of solid waste fermentation products as carbon source. The cultured solid waste is derived from the feed, which contains a large amount of biodegradable substances. The chemical oxygen demand released by the solid waste is about 39%~44% of the feed, and the products released by the hydrolysate are used as the anti nitrite. It is found that the effect of denitrification is remarkable, not only to purify aquaculture water environment, but also to realize the resource of waste. However, about 51% of nitrogen and 64% of phosphorus are used as waste, of which 51% of the nitrogen mainly exists in the form of ammonia nitrogen. The content of raw ammonia nitrogen is about 11%., which produces COD content, although the fermentation product of solid waste can provide a sufficient carbon source for heterotrophic denitrification, but it will bring a lot of harmful by-products nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, how to use the waste effectively is the key point of this experiment. Simultaneous nitrification and is the same step. The effect of denitrification, SND) is to reduce the accumulation of NOx- (NO2-+NO3-) in the main solution by reducing the denitrification in the inner anoxic region and reducing the accumulation of NOx- (NO2-+NO3-) in the main body. It is found that the particle size and close structure of the granular sludge will lead to the formation of the aerobic zone / anoxic zone / anaerobic zone in the mass transfer of the sludge in the sludge. This experiment is beneficial to synchronous denitrification and dephosphorization of the system. This experiment uses the synchronous nitrification and denitrification granular sludge and the culture of solid waste hydrolysate as carbon source to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the aquaculture wastewater. By measuring the water quality indexes such as TAN, NO3-N, NO2-N and TP, the effect of nitrification and denitrification at various stages of activated sludge is observed, and the reactor is judged to be a reactor. Whether it is stable and the effect is ideal, the aim of the experiment is to purify aquaculture water environment and realize the utilization of waste. The experiment is mainly divided into three parts: 1. the preliminary study on the nitrogen and phosphorus removal of the culture waste water SND by the fermentation product of solid waste, the inoculation sludge from the anaerobic process of the wastewater treatment plant The active sludge is designed to improve the treatment effect of aquaculture wastewater, to explore the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the aquaculture wastewater with the hydrolysate of solid waste as the carbon source, to reduce the harmful by-products from the hydrolysis of solid waste, and to further study the nitrogen and phosphorus removal of the aquaculture wastewater by using the hydrolysate of the solid waste as the carbon source. For theoretical reference, the sequential batch reactor (SBR) with continuous low aeration was used to domesticate the Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SND) denitrification sludge by artificial simulated aquaculture wastewater and to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the nutrient wastewater with solid waste as the carbon source. In the hydraulic retention time (Hydraulic Reten). Tion Time, HRT) was 12 h, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (Dissolve Oxygen, DO) was about 2.5 mg/L. The removal rates of organic matter (COD), NH4+-N, NO3--N and dissolved total nitrogen (TDN) were 76.5%, 60.7%, 76.6%, 65.6%, respectively, and the removal rate of dissolved total phosphorus in the wastewater was 68.5%, The result shows that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of different C/N ratios in the SND system.2. can be used as a carbon source for the solid waste. According to the results of the research content 1, C/N 12,7,20,25 is selected in order to study the different C/N under the carbon source of the hydrolysate of the cultured solid waste. After 25 D acclimatization of the sludge, sludge has been formed in the reactor with high active synchronous nitrification and denitrification ability, and the fermentation products of solid waste are treated as carbon sources to treat aquaculture wastewater. The maximum removal rate of COD, NO3--N, and NH4+-N in the reactor can reach 97.87%, 94.95%, 88.90%, and NO2--N is completely no hair. The ratio of C/N=7.35, 50 g wet weight culture solid waste and 2 L aquaculture wastewater is the best, the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus is best and the removal rate of TN is about 87%. It can better complete the synchronous denitrification and phosphorus removal to realize the resource utilization of solid waste by.3. and the stability of the solid waste fermentation product as the carbon source of the solid waste. The study on the complexity and volatility of the hydrolysates of the cultured solid waste was studied in the study of the complexity and volatility of the hydrolysates of the solid waste. In this part, the steady state of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the reactor was studied when the solid waste was hydrolyzed to carbon source, and the treatment effect of the reactor under different influent modes was discussed, so as to hydrolyze the solid waste. It provides theoretical support for the practical application of carbon source. The experimental results show that the operation of the reactor is stable for one month and the operation of the experimental group with different C/N ratio is stable, and the removal efficiency of C/N=4.96 is better than that of C/N=3.97,7.34; the average removal rate of TN, DOC and TP is 83.8%, 82.9%, respectively, and 65.5%. is regulated in the different inlet mode experiments. The improvement of treatment effect was not significant; in the way of one time influent, a certain amount of sodium acetate was added after the reaction of 2 h, and the efficiency of denitrification was increased from 77.68% to 82.66%, but the effect of phosphorus removal was not obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X714

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