本文選題：珠江河口 + PAEs��； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：鄰苯二甲酸酯類(lèi)(PAEs)是一類(lèi)在全球范圍內(nèi)被廣泛使用的工業(yè)化合物,主要被運(yùn)用在改變塑料的可塑性上。PAEs可隨著時(shí)間的推移,釋放入環(huán)境中,可在生物體內(nèi)富集,產(chǎn)生許多毒副作用。PAEs污染已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,其對(duì)人類(lèi)的危害也越來(lái)越引起關(guān)注。本文研究了珠江河口水、表層沉積物、水生動(dòng)物三種介質(zhì)中14種PAEs的含量,及其在珠江河口地區(qū)的污染水平。結(jié)合其中4種PAEs物質(zhì)對(duì)三角魴的急性毒性實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)該類(lèi)物質(zhì)的暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。2014年5月份各采樣點(diǎn)水體中14種PAEs單體含量在ND~5.050μg/L之間,各采樣點(diǎn)水體中14種PAEs的含量平均值在0.044μg/L~0.511μg/L之間,各采樣點(diǎn)14種PAEs的總含量在0.617μg/L~7.154μg/L之間。2014年8月份各采樣點(diǎn)水體中14種PAEs單體含量在ND~0.721μg/L之間,各采樣點(diǎn)水體中14種PAEs的含量平均值在0.025μg/L~0.105μg/L之間,各采樣點(diǎn)水體中14種PAEs的總含量在0.348μg/L~1.473μg/L之間。本研究表明:珠江河口表層水體內(nèi)的14種PAEs的總含量隨季節(jié)變化較明顯。2013年和2014年5月份各采樣點(diǎn)表層沉積物中14種PAEs單體含量在ND~2.914μg/g之間,各采樣點(diǎn)表層沉積物中14種PAEs的總含量在1.094μg/g~4.770μg/g之間;2013年和2014年8月份各采樣點(diǎn)表層沉積物中14種PAEs單體含量在ND~3.167μg/g之間,各采樣點(diǎn)表層沉積物中14種PAEs的總含量在0.506μg/g~2.70μg/g之間。本研究表明:珠江河口表層沉積物PAEs的含量較低,且隨季節(jié)及年份的變化較明顯。2013年和2014年的5月份較8月份含量高。從2012到2014年總體為上升趨勢(shì)。32種水生動(dòng)物中14種PAEs單體含量在ND~6.683μg/g之間;14種PAEs的總含量范圍在0.251μg/g~15.229μg/g之間。其中黃顙魚(yú)體內(nèi)∑PAEs含量最高為15.559μg/g,羅氏沼蝦體內(nèi)∑PAEs含量最低為0.251μg/g。珠江河口水域的水生動(dòng)物樣品體內(nèi)PAEs含量分布同其他地區(qū)相比較處在中等較低水平。結(jié)果表明:在珠江河口地區(qū)的三種介質(zhì)中,14種PAEs的總含量為生物樣沉積物水樣。4種PAEs化合物對(duì)三角魴的急性毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:DBP、DMP、DEHP、DEP對(duì)三角魴48 h的LC50值分別為2.410 mg/L、4.120 mg/L、6.150 mg/L、6.840 mg/L;安全濃度分別為0.550 mg/L、0.790 mg/L、1.620 mg/L、2.000 mg/L;4種PAEs化合物毒性大小順序?yàn)镈BPDMPDEHPDEP。且不同濃度4種PAEs化合物對(duì)三角魴的致死率都有極顯著的影響。通過(guò)計(jì)算得到珠江河口水生動(dòng)物中DEHP的接觸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)(ERI)分別為ERIMIN(0.25×10-3)—ERIMAX(0.35×10-1)和ERIMIN(0.33×10-3)—ERIMAX(0.47×10-1),接觸暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)遠(yuǎn)小于1,因此,成人攝入66.6 g/d水產(chǎn)品暴露的DEHP量不會(huì)對(duì)健康構(gòu)成威脅。
[Abstract]:Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a class of industrial compounds that are widely used in the world. They are mainly used to change the plasticity of plastics. PAEs can be released into the environment over time and can be enriched in organisms. Many toxic side effects. PAEs pollution has become a hot issue, and its harm to human beings has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the contents of 14 PAEs in water, surface sediments and aquatic animals in the Pearl River Estuary and their pollution level in the Pearl River Estuary are studied. Combined with the acute toxicity test of four PAEs substances, the exposure risk of these substances was evaluated. In May 2014, the contents of 14 PAEs monomer in the water samples were between 5.050 渭 g / L and 5.050 渭 g / L, respectively. The average content of 14 kinds of PAEs was 0.044 渭 g / L, 0.511 渭 g / L, and the total content of 14 kinds of PAEs was between 0.617 渭 g / L and 7.154 渭 g / L, respectively. In August 2014, the contents of 14 PAEs were between 0.721 渭 g / L and 0.721 渭 g / L, respectively. The average content of 14 kinds of PAEs was 0.025 渭 g / L ~ 0.105 渭 g 路L ~ (-1), and the total content of 14 kinds of PAEs was 0.348 渭 g / L ~ (-1) 渭 g / L ~ (-1) ~ (-1) 渭 g 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). The results showed that the total contents of 14 PAEs in the surface water of the Pearl River estuary varied significantly with the seasons. The contents of 14 PAEs monomer in the surface sediments of each sampling site in 2013 and May 2014 were between 2.914 渭 g / g and 2.914 渭 g / g, respectively. The total contents of 14 kinds of PAEs in surface sediments of each sampling site were between 1.094 渭 g/g~4.770 渭 g / g, 14 kinds of PAEs monomer contents in surface sediments of each sampling site were between 3.167 渭 g / g and 0.506 渭 g/g~2.70 渭 g / g in surface sediments of each sampling site in 2013 and August 2014, respectively, the total contents of 14 kinds of PAEs in surface sediments were between 0.506 渭 g/g~2.70 渭 g / g and 0.506 渭 g/g~2.70 渭 g / g, respectively. The results showed that the contents of PAEs in the surface sediments of the Pearl River estuary were relatively low and varied obviously with seasons and years, and the contents of PAEs in May 2013 and 2014 were higher than those in August. From 2012 to 2014, the total contents of 14 species of PAEs in 32 species of aquatic animals ranged from 6.683 渭 g / g to 0.251 渭 g/g~15.229 渭 g / g. The 鈭，

本文編號(hào)：2025427