本文選題：人工濕地 + 低溫脫氮菌劑��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：人工濕地技術(shù)以其低耗高效、綠色生態(tài)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在生活污水的深度處理方面具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景,但在我國(guó)北方寒冷地區(qū),冬季時(shí)氣溫較低,人工濕地處理污水的脫氮效能明顯下降。本文從開發(fā)低溫下具有較高脫氮效能的微生物菌種出發(fā),構(gòu)建低溫脫氮菌劑,研究低溫生物強(qiáng)化技術(shù)在人工濕地污水處理中的應(yīng)用,并對(duì)低溫脫氮菌的作用進(jìn)行群落結(jié)構(gòu)解析,為低溫脫氮菌的工程應(yīng)用和菌劑構(gòu)建奠定一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。通過富集馴化低溫脫氮菌群,并對(duì)低溫脫氮菌群進(jìn)行效能評(píng)價(jià)發(fā)現(xiàn),富集的低溫硝化菌群和低溫好氧反硝化菌群在10oC下具有較高的脫氮效能,均為耐低溫菌。其中低溫硝化菌群在氨氮濃度為21.35 mg/L時(shí)的硝化效能最好,對(duì)氨氮的去除率可達(dá)85.62%;好氧條件下,低溫好氧反硝化菌群在硝氮濃度為20.14mg/L、碳氮比為5.05時(shí)的反硝化效能最好,對(duì)硝氮和總氮去除率分別可達(dá)55.41%和30.43%,在厭氧條件下,低溫好氧反硝化菌群也具有反硝化效能,在硝氮濃度為18.53 mg/L、碳氮比為5.88時(shí)的反硝化效能最好,對(duì)硝氮和總氮的去除率分別可達(dá)95.68%和58.73%。研究低溫脫氮菌強(qiáng)化人工濕地的脫氮效能發(fā)現(xiàn),生物強(qiáng)化且水力停留時(shí)間為24 h時(shí),相比于對(duì)照系統(tǒng),強(qiáng)化系統(tǒng)的出水氨氮和總氮去除率分別提高了約16.32%和16.41%,強(qiáng)化系統(tǒng)的出水氨氮和總氮濃度分別為7.96 mg/L左右和12.77 mg/L左右,基本能夠達(dá)到《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的一級(jí)A標(biāo)準(zhǔn);生物強(qiáng)化并縮短水力停留時(shí)間為12 h時(shí),相比于對(duì)照系統(tǒng),強(qiáng)化系統(tǒng)出水氨氮和總氮去除率分別提高了約24.46%和24.56%,強(qiáng)化系統(tǒng)的出水氨氮和總氮濃度平均可達(dá)7.29 mg/L和12.93 mg/L,能夠達(dá)到《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的一級(jí)A標(biāo)準(zhǔn),從而在減少出水中副產(chǎn)物的同時(shí)增加了日處理量。解析低溫脫氮菌的作用發(fā)現(xiàn),低溫脫氮菌群中含有Pseudomonas、Bacillus、Flavobacterium、Nitrosomonas和Nitrobacter等具有脫氮功能的微生物菌屬,與對(duì)照系統(tǒng)相比,在強(qiáng)化系統(tǒng)中以上具有脫氮功能微生物的含量有所增加,從而使強(qiáng)化系統(tǒng)的出水氨氮和總氮濃度降低。Pseudomonas、Bacillus和Nitrosomonas以及土壤中Nitrospira的含量增加比例較大,可以為低溫脫氮菌劑的構(gòu)建提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Artificial wetland technology has broad application prospect in advanced treatment of domestic sewage with its advantages of low consumption and high efficiency and green ecology. However, the temperature in winter is relatively low in cold areas of northern China. The nitrogen removal efficiency of constructed wetland for wastewater treatment was obviously decreased. In this paper, a low temperature denitrification agent was constructed based on the development of microbial species with high denitrification efficiency at low temperature. The application of low temperature biological intensification technology in wastewater treatment of constructed wetland was studied, and the community structure of low temperature denitrification bacteria was analyzed. It lays a certain theoretical foundation for the engineering application of low temperature denitrifying bacteria and the construction of bacteria agent. Through enrichment and acclimation of low temperature denitrification bacteria, and evaluation of the efficiency of low temperature denitrification bacteria, it was found that the enriched low temperature nitrifying bacteria and low temperature aerobic denitrifying bacteria had higher denitrification efficiency at 10oC, both of them were low temperature tolerant bacteria. The nitrification efficiency of low temperature nitrifying bacteria was the best when ammonia concentration was 21.35 mg / L, and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reached 85.62.The denitrification efficiency of denitrifying bacteria at low temperature aerobic denitrification was 20.14 mg / L and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen was 5.05 under aerobic condition. The removal rates of nitrate and total nitrogen were 55.41% and 30.43%, respectively. The denitrification efficiency of aerobic denitrifying bacteria at low temperature was also obtained under anaerobic conditions. The denitrification efficiency was the best when the nitrate concentration was 18.53 mg / L and the C / N ratio was 5.88. The removal rates of nitrate and total nitrogen were 95.68% and 58.73%, respectively. The denitrification efficiency of low temperature denitrifying bacteria enhanced constructed wetland was studied. The results showed that the denitrification efficiency of the constructed wetland was better than that of the control system when the biological enhancement and hydraulic retention time was 24 h. The effluent ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rate of the enhanced system were increased by 16.32% and 16.41%, respectively. The effluent ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen concentration of the enhanced system were about 7.96 mg / L and 12.77 mg / L, respectively. In comparison with the control system, the first class A standard of pollutant discharge standard for municipal wastewater treatment plants can be basically achieved, and when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) is shortened by 12 h, The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in the effluent of the enhanced system increased by 24.46% and 24.56%, respectively. The effluent ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen concentration of the enhanced system reached an average of 7.29 mg / L and 12.93 mg / L, respectively. The effluent ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rate of the enhanced system could reach the first class A standard of the pollutant discharge standard of the municipal wastewater treatment plant. As a result, the by-products in the effluent are reduced and the daily treatment capacity is increased. By analyzing the effect of low temperature denitrification bacteria, it was found that the low temperature denitrification bacteria contained Pseudomonas spp. Flavobacterium nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter. Compared with the control system, the contents of the above denitrification bacteria in the enhanced system were increased. Thus, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in the effluent of the enhanced system decreased. The contents of Pseudomonas Bacillus and Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira in soil increased by a large proportion, which could provide theoretical basis for the construction of low temperature denitrification bacteria.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703;X172

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本文編號(hào)：1999062