本文選題：銻污染 + 硒��； 參考：《山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：采用盆栽試驗研究土壤中銻(50、100、200mg/kg)虧染下,不同濃度硒(0、1、2、 5、10 mg/kg)對銻脅迫下玉米抗氧化酶活性、葉綠素、元素含量及銻積累的影響,為銻污染的合理防治提供科學依據(jù)。研究結果表明：(1)苗期玉米葉片中POD、CAT、SOD的活性均隨著銻濃度的升高顯著下降。當土壤中加入一定量的硒時,對三種酶的活性又產(chǎn)生顯著性影響：低濃度的硒(2mg/kg)可以促進酶的活性,POD在硒濃度為1mg/kg時酶活性達到最佳,SOD和CAT在2mg/kg時酶活性取得最大值；而高濃度的硒(2mg/kg)則對三種酶活性產(chǎn)生了抑制作用,降低了酶的活性,對植物的保護能力也相應減弱。(2)丙二醛的含量可以用來衡量玉米葉片細胞的受損程度,而外源硒的加入可以明顯減少MDA的含量,緩解銻的毒性,對細胞起到一定的保護作用。(3)與對照相比,土壤中施加的銻濃度越高,玉米葉片中葉綠素含量越低,而硒的加入顯著降低了重金屬銻對葉綠素的損害。低濃度硒(低于5mg/kg)因為與銻有較強的拮抗作用,有助于減輕銻對玉米葉片葉綠素的脅迫作用,使葉綠素含量增加;而高濃度硒(高于5mg/kg)卻加重了銻對玉米的脅迫作用,抑制了葉綠素的生成。(4)通過對六種元素(Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ca、Mg)含量的測定,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同濃度單一銻脅迫下的元素含量均明顯低于對照(Ca除外,均高于對照),而添加硒可以使銻脅迫下玉米體內(nèi)元素的含量高于單一銻處理,并且在硒濃度為2mg/kg時,達到最大值,但是施入高濃度的硒仍然會抑制元素的積累。(5)對于成熟期玉米鮮重和干重的研究,通過地上部分與地下部分的對比可以看出,單一脅迫銻濃度越高,對應的質量就越低,說明銻的毒性影響了玉米的生長和對水分的吸收。硒的加入降低了銻的毒性,使得玉米地上和地下部分生物量均有所增加且顯著高于單一脅迫下對應的值,但是高濃度的硒仍對玉米生物量有影響。(6)通過對玉米根部、莖葉、籽粒積累銻含量的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),施加銻的濃度越高,玉米各部位積累銻的量越大。硒對銻的拮抗作用表現(xiàn)為減少了玉米對銻的富集,首先低濃度的銻(50100mg/kg)隨著外源硒濃度的增加,根和莖葉中銻的含量先降低后升高,并且在硒為2mg/kg時基本達到最小值,證明此濃度的硒是抑制根和莖葉富集銻的最佳濃度；對于高濃度銻(200mg/kg)處理下的玉米,低濃度的硒(2mg/kg)對根部積累銻表現(xiàn)出顯著的抑制作用,但濃度過高則促進根吸收銻,莖葉中硒的添加雖然起到了一定的抑制作用,但高低處理間表現(xiàn)出的差異明顯,相鄰處理表現(xiàn)不明顯；在玉米籽粒中,隨著硒濃度的增加,三種銻濃度處理下的銻的含量基本呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢,只有在高濃度銻(200mg/kg)和高濃度硒(10mg/kg)混合處理下的銻含量在下降后略有升高,但均比單一銻脅迫下銻的積累量要低。
[Abstract]:The effects of different concentrations of selenium (0,1,2, 5,10 mg/kg) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll, the content of elements and the accumulation of antimony under antimony stress were studied under the effect of 50100200mg/kg deficiency in soil. The results showed that: (1) the activities of POD, CAT and SOD in Seedling Leaves of maize were all followed by the results of the study. The increase of the concentration of antimony decreased significantly. When a certain amount of selenium was added in the soil, the activity of the three enzymes had a significant effect. The low concentration of selenium (2mg/kg) could promote the activity of enzyme. The enzyme activity reached the best when the concentration of selenium was 1mg/kg, while the activity of SOD and CAT reached the maximum at 2mg/kg, while the high concentration of selenium (2mg/kg) was three. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited, the activity of the enzyme was reduced and the protective ability of the plant decreased accordingly. (2) the content of malondialdehyde can be used to measure the damage degree of the maize leaf cells, and the addition of exogenous selenium can obviously reduce the content of MDA, alleviate the toxicity of antimony, and protect the cells. (3) compared with the control, the soil has a certain protective effect. The higher the concentration of antimony applied in the soil, the lower the chlorophyll content in the maize leaves, and the addition of selenium significantly reduced the damage of the heavy metal antimony to the chlorophyll. Low concentration of selenium (lower than 5mg/kg) has a strong antagonism with antimony, which helps to reduce the coercion effect of antimony on the chlorophyll of maize and increase the content of chlorophyll; and high concentration of selenium (high concentration of selenium) 5mg/kg) aggravated the stress effect of antimony on Maize and inhibited the production of chlorophyll. (4) through the determination of six elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg), it was found that the content of elements under the stress of single antimony under the different concentration was obviously lower than that of the control (except Ca, all higher than the control), and the addition of selenium could make the content of the elements in the maize under the stibium stress high. In a single antimony treatment and when the concentration of selenium is 2mg/kg, the maximum is reached, but the accumulation of high concentration of selenium still inhibits the accumulation of elements. (5) the study of fresh weight and dry weight of Maize in mature period can be seen through the comparison of the ground and underground parts, the higher the concentration of the single stress antimony, the lower the corresponding quality, indicating the toxicity of antimony. The growth of corn and the absorption of water were affected. The addition of selenium reduced the toxicity of antimony, which made the biomass of both the ground and underground parts of corn increased and significantly higher than the corresponding values under single stress, but the high concentration of selenium still had an effect on the biomass of maize. (6) the accumulation of antimony content in the Rhizopus, stem and leaf and grain of the corn was studied. At present, the higher the concentration of antimony, the greater the accumulation of antimony in each part of the corn. The antagonism of selenium to antimony shows that it reduces the enrichment of antimony in maize. First, the content of antimony in the low concentration of antimony (50100mg/kg) decreases with the increase of the concentration of exogenous selenium, and the content of antimony in the root and stem leaves first decreases and then increases, and the minimum value is basically reached when selenium is 2mg/kg. Selenium was the best concentration to inhibit the accumulation of antimony in the roots and stems; for the Maize Treated with high concentration of antimony (200mg/kg), the low concentration of selenium (2mg/kg) showed significant inhibitory effect on the accumulation of antimony at the root, but the high concentration promoted the absorption of antimony in the root. The selenium addition in the stems and leaves played a certain inhibitory effect, but the high and low treatment was shown between the high and low treatments. With the increase of selenium concentration, the content of antimony in the three kinds of antimony concentration decreased with the increase of selenium concentration. Only the content of antimony in the mixture of high concentration of antimony (200mg/kg) and high concentration of selenium (10mg/kg) decreased slightly, but the accumulation of antimony under the single stibium stress was higher than that under the single antimony stress. The amount of tired should be low.
【學位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X173;S513

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本文編號：1965148