發(fā)布時間：2018-05-30 05:15

  本文選題：辣椒 + 霜霉威�。� 參考：《湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文研究了辣椒及土壤樣品中霜霉威殘留量的檢測方法；我國自然環(huán)境下霜霉威在辣椒和土壤中的消解動態(tài)和殘留規(guī)律；土壤中霜霉威的光化學降解,為霜霉威的合理使用、生態(tài)環(huán)境安全性評價以及土壤環(huán)境修復提供科學依據(jù)。主要研究結果如下：(1)建立了適用于我國實驗室條件的檢測辣椒(鮮辣椒、干辣椒)和土壤中霜霉威殘留量的GC-NPD方法。方法的平均添加回收率為84.1%-106.8%,變異系數(shù)在0.8%-4.8%之間；鮮辣椒、土壤和干辣椒中霜霉威最低檢測濃度分別為0.05 0.05 mg/kg和0.10mg/kg。該檢測方法可用于我國農(nóng)業(yè)、食品和環(huán)境監(jiān)測部門對辣椒和土壤樣品中霜霉威殘留量的檢測。(2)湖南、廣東和浙江三地模擬試驗研究了辣椒和土壤中霜霉威的消解動態(tài),霜霉威在辣椒和土壤中的消解均符合一級化學反應動力學方程：Ct=Coe-kt,消解半衰期分別為4.01-8.92d和5.08-7.66d。試驗結果表明：霜霉威在辣椒和土壤中消解較快,屬較易降解的農(nóng)藥。(3)在三個省的自然條件下,按照推薦的施藥量和施藥方法在辣椒上施用66.5%霜霉威鹽酸鹽水劑,最后一次施藥后7d以上收獲的辣椒中霜霉威的殘留最大值為0.870mg/kg,低于我國制定霜霉威在辣椒中的最大允許殘留限量(MRL) 3.0mg/kg。根據(jù)試驗結果,建議66.5%霜霉威鹽酸鹽水劑在辣椒上合理使用技術標準為：辣椒生長期,用66.5%霜霉威鹽酸鹽水劑1650 ml/ha (有效成分1191.3g/ha)防治辣椒疫病,兌水750L/ha稀釋后莖葉噴霧,最多施藥3次(施藥間隔期為7-10天),安全間隔期為7天。(4)霜霉威在土壤中的光降解符合化學反應一級動力學方程。高壓汞燈照射下土壤中霜霉威的光解速率明顯大于太陽光照射下的光解速率,半衰期分別為121.6h和203.8h；調(diào)節(jié)土壤pH值對霜霉威的光解有較大的影響,pH=10時半衰期比pH=7時縮短了67.2%；添加0-200mg/kg TiO2時,土壤中霜霉威的光解速率隨著Ti02濃度的增加而逐漸增大；加入一定量的Fe3+對增強Ti02的光催化作用效果顯著,不同F(xiàn)e3+/TiO2配比條件下土壤中霜霉威的光解速率表現(xiàn)為：10：20020：2005：2000：200,半衰期分別為33.6h、50.2h、55.0h和72.9h。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the method for the determination of fenustrin residues in capsicum and soil samples, the digestion dynamics and residues of frostbitarb in pepper and soil in natural environment of China, the photochemical degradation of frostbitarb in soil, and the reasonable use of frostbitarb were studied in this paper. Ecological environment safety evaluation and soil environmental restoration provide scientific basis. The main results are as follows: (1) A GC-NPD method was established for the determination of fenustrin residues in pepper (fresh pepper, dry pepper) and soil under laboratory conditions in China. The average recovery was 84.1% -106.8%, the coefficient of variation was between 0.8% and 4.8%, and the lowest detection concentration of fenustrin in fresh pepper, soil and dry pepper was 0.05 mg/kg and 0.10 mg / kg, respectively. This method can be used for the determination of fenustrin residues in capsicum and soil samples by agricultural, food and environmental monitoring departments in China. The dynamics of the dissolution of fenustrin in capsicum and soil were studied by simulation tests in Hunan, Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces. The digestion of creamethanil in capsicum and soil was in accordance with the first-order chemical reaction kinetics equation: Ctchon Coe-kt, and the digestion half-life was 4.01-8.92d and 5.08-7.66d, respectively. The results showed that the chloramarb was a relatively fast degradable pesticide in pepper and soil. Under the natural conditions of three provinces, 66.5% of the hydrochloric acid water agent was applied to the pepper according to the recommended application amount and method. The maximum residual value of fenustrin in pepper harvested more than 7 days after the last application was 0.870 mg / kg, which was lower than the maximum allowable residue limit (MRL) of 3. 0 mg / kg. According to the results of the experiment, it is suggested that the technical standard for the rational use of 66.5% hydrochloric acid water agent on capsicum is as follows: during the growth period of pepper, 1650 ml/ha (effective ingredient 1191.3 g / ha) was used to prevent and cure pepper blight, and 750L/ha diluted with water was used to spray the stems and leaves. The photodegradation of creametharb in soil was in accordance with the first-order kinetics equation of chemical reaction at the maximum of 3 times (the interval was 7-10 days and the safe interval was 7 days. 4) the photodegradation of creametharb in soil was in accordance with the first-order kinetics equation of chemical reaction. Under high pressure mercury lamp irradiation, the photolysis rate of sulfamethanil in soil was significantly higher than that under solar irradiation. The half-life was 121.6 h and 203.8 h, respectively. Adjusting the soil pH value had a great effect on the photolysis of fenustrin. The half-life at pH = 10:00 was 67.2% shorter than that at pH = 7, and the photolysis rate increased with the increase of Ti02 concentration when 0-200mg/kg TiO2 was added to the soil. The photocatalytic effect of adding a certain amount of Fe3 on the enhancement of Ti02 was remarkable. Under different Fe3 / TIO _ 2 ratios, the photolysis rate was 10: 20: 2005: 2000: 200, and the half-life was 33.6 hu 50.2 h and 72.9 h, respectively.
【學位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X592

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本文編號：1954062