本文選題：小清河 + 浮游藻類��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的概念自提出以來，經(jīng)過不斷完善和發(fā)展，目前已經(jīng)形成大家認(rèn)可度比較高的概念，對(duì)河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的評(píng)價(jià)成為研究熱點(diǎn)。小清河作為山東省內(nèi)重要河流，對(duì)其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的評(píng)價(jià)可以掌握小清河流域現(xiàn)階段的健康狀況，可為小清河治理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 本文以小清河為研究對(duì)象，根據(jù)小清河實(shí)際情況，選取干流12個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)，分季節(jié)于2014年5月、7月、9月和11月進(jìn)行四次采樣，分別采集浮游藻類定性、定量樣本和進(jìn)行水質(zhì)測(cè)定。從化學(xué)參數(shù)、浮游藻類、模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)三個(gè)方面對(duì)小清河生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康進(jìn)行了分析，主要結(jié)論如下： （1）根據(jù)化學(xué)參數(shù)氨氮、總磷、COD和葉綠素a不同采樣點(diǎn)和不同季節(jié)的變化，結(jié)果表明小清河夏季水質(zhì)最好，春季最差，小清河氨氮和總磷濃度從源頭至入海口呈逐漸減少的趨勢(shì)，COD濃度從源頭至入�？诔手饾u增大的趨勢(shì)，小清河受還原性物質(zhì)污染增強(qiáng)，小清河整體處于中度到重度污染狀況。 （2）浮游藻類共發(fā)現(xiàn)8門53屬，其中綠藻門17屬，占總數(shù)的32.1%，硅藻門15屬，占總數(shù)的28.3%，藍(lán)藻門11屬，占總數(shù)的20.8%，裸藻門4屬，占總數(shù)的7.5%，甲藻門3屬，占總數(shù)的5.6%，，隱藻門、黃藻門、金藻門各1屬，各占總數(shù)的1.9%；通過對(duì)浮游藻類群落結(jié)構(gòu)、數(shù)量和種類的時(shí)空變化及其Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)、Pielou指數(shù)和Margalef指數(shù)的分析，認(rèn)為小清河整體處于輕度到中度污染狀況。 （3）為彌補(bǔ)單純化學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)和生物評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果可能不同的不足，引入模糊理論，使用熵權(quán)模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法，綜合系統(tǒng)的從社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、水體理化參數(shù)、水生生物和河流及河岸帶4個(gè)層面選取14項(xiàng)指標(biāo)對(duì)小清河生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，得到小清河整體生態(tài)健康水平對(duì)于良好狀態(tài)隸屬度最高，為0.2706。 （4）根據(jù)本文對(duì)小清河的研究提出了一些治理措施，包含污染源控制、工程措施、生物治理、政策法規(guī)等方面。
[Abstract]:Since the concept of river ecosystem health has been put forward, the concept of river ecosystem health has been formed with high recognition through continuous improvement and development, and the evaluation of river ecosystem health has become a hot research topic. As an important river in Shandong province, the evaluation of the ecosystem health of Xiaoqing River basin can grasp the present health status of Xiaoqing River Basin and provide scientific basis for the management of Xiaoqing River. Taking Xiaoqing River as the research object, according to the actual situation of Xiaoqing River, 12 sampling points of the main stream were selected, and four samples were collected in May, July, September and November 2014, respectively, to collect qualitative, quantitative and water quality samples of planktonic algae. The health of Xiaoqing River ecosystem is analyzed from three aspects: chemical parameters, phytoplankton and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) according to the chemical parameters of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus COD and chlorophyll a, the results show that the water quality of Xiaoqing River is the best in summer and the worst in spring. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in Xiaoqing River decreased gradually from the source to the sea entrance. The COD concentration increased gradually from the source to the sea entrance. The pollution of reducing substance in Xiaoqing River was enhanced, and the whole Xiaoqing River was in the condition of moderate to severe pollution. (2) there are 8 phylum 53 genera of phytoplankton, 17 genera of Chlorophyta, 15 genera of diatom, 28. 3% of total, 11 genera of Cyanophyta, 20. 8% of total, 4 genera of Phaeophyta, 7. 5% of total, 3 genera of Pyrophyta, 5. 6% of total, and 5. 6% of Cryptophyta. Based on the analysis of phytoplankton community structure, number and species as well as their Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and Margalef index, it was concluded that the whole Xiaoqing River was slightly to moderately polluted. In order to make up for the possible difference between the results of chemical evaluation and biological evaluation, the fuzzy theory was introduced, and the entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to synthesize the social and economic conditions, the physical and chemical parameters of water body. 14 indexes were selected to evaluate the ecological health of Xiaoqing River in 4 layers of aquatic organisms and river and riparian zones. The overall ecological health level of Xiaoqing River was the highest in good condition, which was 0.2706. 4) according to the research of Xiaoqing River in this paper, some measures are put forward, including pollution source control, engineering measures, biological treatment, policies and regulations and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X826

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