本文選題：鋼鐵企業(yè) + 焦化　； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近幾年,鋼鐵企業(yè)在習(xí)主席“綠水青山就是金山銀山”的理念指導(dǎo)下,對環(huán)境保護(hù)和生態(tài)文明更加重視。自2013年起,我國多個城市先后發(fā)生霧霾,大氣污染已經(jīng)向我國敲響了節(jié)能減排的警鐘,鋼鐵行業(yè)無外乎是禍?zhǔn)字�。中國GDP增速低于能源消費(fèi)增速,鋼鐵等能耗與污染產(chǎn)生量高的工業(yè)對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)雖不算大,節(jié)能減排卻具有最大潛力。此外《鋼鐵工業(yè)“十二五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃》明確對鋼鐵企業(yè)單位工業(yè)增加值的能耗及二氧化碳的排放量提出了各下降18%的要求,而焦化工序即為煉鐵等工序提供原材料,其產(chǎn)生的焦?fàn)t煤氣、余熱等二次能源也是鋼鐵企業(yè)的能源基礎(chǔ)。因此,鋼鐵企業(yè)焦化工序節(jié)能減排工作對于鋼鐵企業(yè)節(jié)能減排尤為重要。本文通過對吉林省某鋼鐵企業(yè)實(shí)地調(diào)研,構(gòu)建了某鋼鐵企業(yè)焦化工序節(jié)能減排指標(biāo)體系,指標(biāo)體系主要包含資源消耗指標(biāo),燃動力消耗指標(biāo),污染物排放指標(biāo),財(cái)務(wù)控制指標(biāo)。四類指標(biāo)概括了該鋼鐵企業(yè)焦化工序?qū)嵤┕?jié)能減排的著力點(diǎn),在四類指標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上建立了二級指標(biāo),主要包含洗精煤消耗量指標(biāo)、工序能耗指標(biāo)、用電指標(biāo)、低壓蒸汽消耗指標(biāo)、二氧化硫排放量指標(biāo)、顆粒物排放量指標(biāo)和單位成品成本指標(biāo)等7項(xiàng)指標(biāo)。該7項(xiàng)指標(biāo)可以全面體現(xiàn)某企業(yè)采取節(jié)能減排技術(shù)的效果。通過對企業(yè)工藝流程調(diào)查及產(chǎn)污環(huán)節(jié)和高能耗工序研究,分析了該企業(yè)的物料平衡、煤氣平衡、氨平衡和硫平衡,確定了該企業(yè)焦化工序的優(yōu)劣勢,提出了相應(yīng)改進(jìn)意見與措施,并針對節(jié)能減排重點(diǎn)環(huán)節(jié)提出了節(jié)能減排無/低費(fèi)與中/高費(fèi)方案。通過三個無/低費(fèi)和兩個中/高費(fèi)方案的實(shí)施,企業(yè)的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)值均得到了削減,可見,實(shí)施節(jié)能減排,企業(yè)效益有明顯收益。通過一至五方案的實(shí)施,指標(biāo)削減情況如下:洗精煤消耗相對現(xiàn)狀分別削減0.14t/t焦、0.01t/t焦、0.12t/t焦、0.12 t/t焦、0.22t/t焦;工序能耗相對現(xiàn)狀分別削減11.07kg標(biāo)煤/t、3.69kg標(biāo)煤/t、5.80kg標(biāo)煤/t、9.22 kg標(biāo)煤/t、16.86kg標(biāo)煤/t;用電量相對現(xiàn)狀分別削減5.99kW·h/t焦、10kW·h/t焦、5.14kW·h/t焦、4.85kW·h/t焦、9.13kW·h/t焦;低壓蒸汽相對現(xiàn)狀削減0.02m3/t焦、0.03m3/t焦、0.02m3/t焦、0.02m3/t焦、0.04m3/t焦;SO2排放量相對現(xiàn)狀削減0.01kg/t焦、0.01kg/t焦、0.02kg/t焦、0.18 kg/t焦、0.02kg/t焦;顆粒物相對現(xiàn)狀分別削減0.08kg/t焦、0.28kg/t焦、0.11kg/t焦、0.18 kg/t焦、0.24kg/t焦;單位成品成本相對現(xiàn)狀分別降低210元/t焦、190元/t焦、180元/t焦、175元/t焦、320元/t焦。從指標(biāo)值的變化中可以看出,五個方案的實(shí)施均能實(shí)現(xiàn)資源節(jié)約、能耗下降、污染物減排和降低企業(yè)成本的目標(biāo)。為了進(jìn)一步篩選出五個方案中效果最佳的方案,本文采用綜合指數(shù)法對方案進(jìn)行評價,經(jīng)研究確定,綜合指數(shù)值越小表明能耗、物耗及污染物排放量越少,節(jié)能減排效果越好。經(jīng)計(jì)算綜合指數(shù)最大者是方案一,最小者是方案五;說明五個方案相比較,方案五節(jié)能減排效果最明顯,方案一節(jié)能減排效果最不明顯。經(jīng)研究可知,方案五的實(shí)施更能充分的減少能耗、物耗和污染物的排放,給企業(yè)帶來的節(jié)能減排效益最大。通過本文五個方案的實(shí)施企業(yè)焦化工序均得到了節(jié)能減排收益。由此可見,鋼鐵企業(yè)焦化工序?qū)嵤┕?jié)能減排技術(shù)具有可行性,并對促進(jìn)同行業(yè)進(jìn)步具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, under the guidance of the concept of "green mountain and Jinshan Yinshan" by the president, the iron and steel enterprises pay more attention to environmental protection and ecological civilization. Since 2013, haze has occurred in many cities in China. Air pollution has rounded the alarm clock for energy saving and emission reduction in China. The steel and iron industry has no more than one evil head. The growth rate of GDP in China is lower than that of the iron and steel industry. Energy consumption growth, iron and steel and other energy consumption and pollution production of industry to the national economy is not big, energy conservation and emission reduction has the greatest potential. In addition, the "iron and steel industry" in 12th Five-Year "development plan" clearly to the steel enterprise unit industrial added value of energy consumption and carbon emissions of carbon dioxide emission reduction of 18% requirements, and coking The process is to provide raw materials for iron making, the coke oven gas and waste heat, which produce two energy sources, are also the energy base of iron and steel enterprises. Therefore, the energy saving and emission reduction work of the coking process of iron and steel enterprises is particularly important for the iron and steel enterprises. In this paper, a steel enterprise in Jilin province is studied and the coking of a steel enterprise is built. The index system of process energy saving and emission reduction is mainly composed of resource consumption index, fuel consumption index, pollutant discharge index and financial control index. The four index summarizes the focus of energy saving and emission reduction in the coking process of the iron and steel enterprises, and sets up two grade indexes on the basis of four kinds of indexes, mainly including the consumption of washed coal. Standard, process energy consumption index, power consumption index, low pressure steam consumption index, sulfur dioxide emission index, particulate matter emission index and unit finished product cost index. The 7 indexes can fully reflect the effect of energy saving and emission reduction technology for a certain enterprise. Through the investigation of enterprise process and the process of pollution production and high energy consumption process research According to the analysis of the enterprise's material balance, gas balance, ammonia balance and sulfur balance, the advantages and disadvantages of the coking process are determined, the corresponding improvement opinions and measures are put forward, and the energy saving and emission reduction, low cost and medium / high cost schemes are put forward for the key links of energy saving and emission reduction. The implementation of the three non / low cost and two medium / high cost schemes is carried out. All the index values of the industry have been reduced, so the implementation of energy saving and emission reduction has obvious benefits. Through the implementation of one to five schemes, the index reduction is as follows: 0.14t/t coke, 0.01t/t coke, 0.12t/t coke, 0.12 t/t coke, 0.22t/t coke respectively, and 11.07kg coal /t, 3., respectively, are reduced respectively. 69kg standard coal /t, 5.80kg standard coal /t, 9.22 kg standard coal /t, 16.86kg standard coal /t; consumption of electricity relative to the current situation to reduce 5.99kW h/t coke, 10kW, h/t coke, coke, coke, coking coke; low pressure steam relative status reduction coke, coke, coke, coke, coke; emissions relative status reduction coke, 0 .01kg/t coke, 0.02kg/t coke, 0.18 kg/t coke, 0.02kg/t coke; particles are reduced to 0.08kg/t coke, 0.28kg/t coke, 0.11kg/t coke, 0.18 kg/t coke, 0.24kg/t coke respectively, respectively. The unit cost of finished products is reduced by 210 yuan /t coke, 190 /t coke, 180 yuan /t coke, 175 yuan coke, 320 Yuan coke. It can be seen from the change of index value that five schemes are real. In order to further screen out the best results of the five schemes, the comprehensive index method is used to evaluate the scheme. The less comprehensive index indicates the consumption, the less the material consumption and the emission of pollutants, the effect of energy saving and emission reduction. The best. The largest one is the scheme one and the smallest is the scheme five. It shows that the five schemes are compared, the scheme five is most effective in energy saving and emission reduction, and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is the most obvious. The study shows that the implementation of scheme five can reduce energy consumption, material consumption and pollutant emission, and reduce energy saving and emission reduction to enterprises. The efficiency of the coking process has been achieved by the implementation of the five schemes in this paper. Thus, it is feasible to implement energy saving and emission reduction technology in the coking process of iron and steel enterprises, and it is of great significance to promote the progress of the same industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TF089;X757

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本文編號：1953028