發(fā)布時間：2018-05-25 03:16

  本文選題：重金屬污染土壤 + 植物促生細(xì)菌��； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤重金屬污染的微生物修復(fù)是一種環(huán)境友好、易于操作且成本較低的修復(fù)技術(shù)。微生物能夠通過多種方式促進(jìn)植物的生長及植物對重金屬的耐受性、降低重金屬的生物有效性;草炭、蛭石等有機(jī)土壤改良劑能夠通過對重金屬元素的吸附作用減少重金屬向植物中的轉(zhuǎn)移,將微生物與這些改良劑結(jié)合制備成固體菌劑能夠有效結(jié)合二者的作用,能有效減少重金屬的植物吸收,實(shí)現(xiàn)污染土壤的安全利用。通過耐重金屬植物促生菌的篩選,可以豐富植物生長促進(jìn)細(xì)菌的菌種資源,為污染土壤的安全利用改進(jìn)的材料。本文中從棲霞山鉛鋅礦區(qū)和湯山銅礦區(qū)附近土樣樣品和植物樣品中分離得到細(xì)菌共220株;通過測定細(xì)菌產(chǎn)吲哚乙酸和鐵載體的促生特性,篩選得到了 78株產(chǎn)吲哚乙酸細(xì)菌、19株產(chǎn)鐵載體細(xì)菌,其中同時具備多種重金屬抗性和植物促生特性的細(xì)菌共計(jì)84株。結(jié)合上述細(xì)菌的促生特性、重金屬抗性以及16S rRNA基因的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育地位,選擇 6 株菌(Pseudomonas sp.G4-19,Bacillus sp.Q20,Paenibacillus qingshengii S1-9,Pseudomonas sp.S1-16,Chryseobacterium sp.T1-6,Rhizobium sp.T1-17)進(jìn)行短期盆栽試驗(yàn),以市面上常見的青梗菜、辣椒和楊花蘿卜為供試蔬菜,以棲霞山原位污染土壤為供試土壤,研究6株供試菌株對蔬菜幼苗生長和重金屬含量的影響。結(jié)果表明,只有菌株T1-17能夠促進(jìn)三種蔬菜幼苗生物量的積累,同時降低其重金屬含量。菌株T1-17能夠使青梗菜和楊花蘿卜生物量分別提高64.6%和127.3%,對辣椒幼苗的生物量無顯著影響;同時菌株T1-17使青梗菜、辣椒、楊花蘿卜中Cd濃度分別下降22.1%、26.7%和33.4%,Pb濃度下降59.1%、15.5%、44.0%。將功能菌株T1-17與吸附劑蛭石、草炭和生物炭相結(jié)合,制備成固體菌劑,探究功能菌株、吸附劑及不同菌劑對蔬菜產(chǎn)量和蔬菜果實(shí)中重金屬含量的影響。結(jié)果表明不同處理均能夠增加三種蔬菜的產(chǎn)量,增加比例為37.0%-334.1%;同時降低蔬菜食用部分重金屬含量,Cd濃度下降11.9%-82.5%,Pb濃度下降24.6%-87.3%。不同處理之間的效果表現(xiàn)為:固體菌劑功能菌株吸附劑。通過檢測,功能菌株T1-17能夠穩(wěn)定定殖于盆栽土壤中。與接滅活菌對照相比,添加功能菌株、吸附劑及固體菌劑等不同處理顯著增加了青梗菜和辣椒葉片的葉綠素含量;同時顯著增加了根際土中有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量,增加比例為39.6%-455.6%;根際土中產(chǎn)吲哚乙酸和產(chǎn)鐵載體細(xì)菌的比例也表現(xiàn)為增加趨勢。這可能解釋了不同處理能夠增加蔬菜幼苗生物量、提高蔬菜產(chǎn)量的可能機(jī)制。除此之外,不同處理還顯著降低了盆栽根際土壤中水溶態(tài)、交換態(tài)、提取態(tài)三種有效態(tài)重金屬的濃度;對盆栽土壤的團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)分析表明,不同處理還促使了大顆粒團(tuán)聚體(2 mm)分解轉(zhuǎn)化為微團(tuán)聚體顆粒(0.25 mm),增加了重金屬離子在土壤顆粒的吸附能力,這表明本文中不同處理可能是通過對重金屬進(jìn)行吸附和轉(zhuǎn)化等作用降低了重金屬的生物活性,從而減少了蔬菜的重金屬吸收。
[Abstract]:Microbial remediation of heavy metals contaminated soil is a kind of environmentally friendly, easy to operate and low-cost remediation technology. Microbes can promote plant growth and plant tolerance to heavy metals in a variety of ways, and reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals. Turf, vermiculite and other organic soil improver can be used to absorb heavy metals. It can reduce the transfer of heavy metals to plants. The combination of microorganism and these modifiers can effectively combine the effect of the two. It can effectively reduce the plant absorption of heavy metals and realize the safe utilization of contaminated soil. Through the screening of heavy metal resistant plants, it can enrich plant growth and promote bacterial strain. In this paper, 220 strains of bacteria were isolated from the samples of soil samples and plant samples near the Qixia mountain lead zinc mining area and the Tangshan copper mine area, and 78 strains of indolic acetic acid producing bacteria and 19 strains of ferric carrier bacteria were screened by measuring the growth promoting characteristics of indoles acetic acid and iron carrier. At the same time, there are 84 strains of bacteria with a variety of heavy metal resistance and plant growth promoting characteristics. Combined with the growth promoting characteristics of the above bacteria, heavy metal resistance and the phylogenetic status of the 16S rRNA gene, 6 strains of bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.G4-19, Bacillus sp.Q20, Paenibacillus qingshengii S1-9, Pseudomonas sp.S1-16, Chryseobacterium) are selected. Rhizobium sp.T1-17) carried out a short-term pot experiment with the common green stem, chili and poplar radish on the market as the tested vegetables. The soil of Qixia mountain in situ contaminated soil was used as the tested soil. The effects of 6 strains of strain on the growth of vegetable seedlings and heavy metal content were studied. The results showed that only the strain T1-17 could promote the biomass of three kinds of vegetable seedlings. The strain T1-17 could increase the biomass of green stem and poplar radish by 64.6% and 127.3% respectively, and had no significant effect on the biomass of pepper seedlings. At the same time, the strain T1-17 made the concentration of Cd in green stem, chili and poplar radish decreased by 22.1%, 26.7% and 33.4% respectively, and the concentration of Pb decreased by 59.1%, 15.5%, and 44.0%.. Strain T1-17 was combined with adsorbent vermiculite, peat and biological charcoal to prepare solid bacteria to explore the effects of functional strains, adsorbents and different bacteria on the content of heavy metals in vegetable yield and vegetable fruit. The results showed that the yield of three vegetables could be increased by different treatments, the increase was 37.0%-334.1%, and the edible part of vegetable was reduced. The content of heavy metals, Cd concentration decreased 11.9%-82.5%, Pb concentration decreased, and the effect of different treatment of 24.6%-87.3%. showed that the functional strain of solid bacteria was adsorbent. The functional strain T1-17 could be steadily colonized in the potted soil. Compared with the control of the inactivated bacteria, the functional strains, adsorbents and solid fungi were treated with different treatments. The content of chlorophyll in green stem and pepper was increased, and the content of organic matter in rhizosphere soil increased to 39.6%-455.6%, and the proportion of indolic acetic acid and ferric carrier bacteria in rhizosphere soil was also increased. This may explain that different treatments can increase the biomass of vegetable seedlings and increase vegetable yield. In addition to this, different treatments also significantly reduced the concentration of water soluble, exchangeable, and extracted three active heavy metals in the rhizosphere soil of potted plants, and the aggregate structure analysis of potted soil showed that different treatments also promoted the transformation of large particle aggregates (2 mm) into micro aggregate particles (0.25 mm), and increased heavy metals. The adsorption capacity of ions in soil particles shows that different treatments may reduce the bioactivity of heavy metals by adsorption and transformation of heavy metals, thus reducing the absorption of heavy metals in vegetables.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;X17;S63

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