本文選題：不透水面 + 水環(huán)境��； 參考：《上海大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：上海是我國高度城市化區(qū)域之一,在快速城市化進程中自然地表的透水下墊面不斷轉(zhuǎn)換為不透水硬化表面,不透水面快速擴展,成為影響河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的重要因素。本文以平原河網(wǎng)地區(qū)上海為例,基于Arc GIS軟件及數(shù)學(xué)分段回歸模型,在1989年至2010年間六個時間尺度以及中心城區(qū)、原浦東新區(qū)、原南匯區(qū)三個空間尺度上,探討了不透水面水環(huán)境效益的時空分異特征,并在L-THIA-LID模型參數(shù)調(diào)整以及驗證的前提下,模擬上海地區(qū)水文環(huán)境對LID開發(fā)模式的響應(yīng),為上海地區(qū)今后的城市建設(shè)、流域污染控制、環(huán)境規(guī)劃管理和低影響開發(fā)規(guī)劃等提供決策參考。本文主要結(jié)論如下:(1)不透水面的水環(huán)境閾值效應(yīng)存在明顯的時間與空間分異特征,在時間分異上,閾值隨時間推進呈增大趨勢,在全市尺度上各指標(biāo)平均閾值點從30.93%上升至47.04%;在空間分異上,不透水面的水環(huán)境閾值效應(yīng)南匯區(qū)浦東新區(qū)中心城區(qū)�？傮w城市化水平高的地區(qū),不透水面率和水環(huán)境關(guān)系不顯著,地表水環(huán)境的主導(dǎo)因素是人為對水環(huán)境的治理,在總體城市化水平較低的區(qū)域,不透水面率與水環(huán)境呈非線性關(guān)系,不透水面為水環(huán)境的主導(dǎo)因素。另外,CODMn、NH3-N、TN、TP、DO五個指標(biāo)對不透水面的閾值效應(yīng)較為顯著,Phenol以及Oil對不透水面的閾值效應(yīng)有較強的突變型,且有無閾值的規(guī)律性不強,主要因為Phenol以及Oil多來于工業(yè)生產(chǎn),在工業(yè)點源排放控制較好的情況下,與不透水面的關(guān)系較不顯著。(2)不同用地類型中屋頂、道路、綠化占比差異較大,各不透水面形態(tài)提取解析結(jié)果為舊式住宅擁有最高的道路比例,為42.06%;工業(yè)用地擁有最高的屋頂比例,為30.22%,別墅住宅擁有最高的綠化比例,為49.88%。不透水面形態(tài)提取解析標(biāo)準差最小的用地類型為舊式住宅,說明舊式住宅在不透水面形態(tài)格局上統(tǒng)一性較高,標(biāo)準差最大的工業(yè)用地,說明工業(yè)用地在布局上差異較大。(3)2000年至2010年各研究區(qū)域土地利用類型的改變對徑流的增長效果顯著,其中南匯區(qū)增長最為顯著,年均增長量達2.67%,其次為浦東新區(qū)和中心城區(qū)。同時,削減不透水面率對徑流的減少效果同樣顯著,削減相同程度的不透水面率,中心城區(qū)徑流量對不透水面率降低的響應(yīng)最為明顯,并且降雨量低時徑流對不透水面率降低的響應(yīng)較降雨量高時明顯。(4)對單一的低影響開發(fā)措施,透水路面對徑流降低的效果最明顯,其次為綠色屋頂。對聯(lián)合低影響開發(fā)措施,綠色屋頂+透水路面+生物滯留池對徑流的削減效果較優(yōu),原因是綠色屋頂對徑流的削減效果較雨水儲蓄罐顯著。對工業(yè)用地、公共建筑用地、舊式住宅三種用地類型,使用透水路面對徑流的削減最明顯,對于新式住宅,綠色屋頂效果最好,而對于別墅用地,生物滯留池降低徑流的效果最好。
[Abstract]:Shanghai is one of the highly urbanized regions in China. In the process of rapid urbanization, the permeable surface of the natural surface is transformed into the impermeable hardening surface, and the impermeable surface expands rapidly, which has become an important factor affecting the health of the river ecosystem. This paper takes Shanghai as an example, based on Arc GIS software and mathematical piecewise regression model, on six time scales from 1989 to 2010, as well as three spatial scales in central urban area, former Pudong New area and former Nanhui District. In this paper, the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of the water environmental benefits of impermeable surface are discussed. On the premise of adjusting and verifying the parameters of the L-THIA-LID model, the response of the hydrological environment in Shanghai to the LID development model is simulated, which is helpful for the urban construction in Shanghai in the future. Watershed pollution control, environmental planning and low impact development planning provide decision-making reference. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the threshold effect of water environment in impermeable water has obvious characteristics of temporal and spatial differentiation. In time differentiation, the threshold value increases with time. On the scale of the whole city, the average threshold point of each index increased from 30.93% to 47.04.The threshold effect of water environment on impermeable surface was observed in the central district of Pudong New area in Nanhui District. In areas with high level of urbanization, the relationship between surface impermeability and water environment is not significant. The dominant factor of surface water environment is artificial treatment of water environment. The ratio of impermeable surface is nonlinear to water environment, and impermeable surface is the dominant factor of water environment. In addition, the threshold effect of Oil and Oil on the threshold effect of impermeable water surface was significant, and there was a strong regularity of threshold value, mainly because Phenol and Oil were mostly used in industrial production. In the case of better control of industrial point source emissions, the relationship with impermeable water surface is less significant. (2) in different types of land use, the proportion of roof, road and greening is quite different. The results showed that the old house had the highest proportion of roads (42.06), the industrial land had the highest proportion of roof (30.22), and the villa house had the highest proportion of greening (49.88%). The type of land used for extracting and analyzing the form of impermeable surface with the minimum standard deviation is the old type residence, which shows that the industrial land with the highest standard deviation and high uniformity in the pattern of impermeable surface form. From 2000 to 2010, the change of land use types in each study area had a remarkable effect on runoff growth, in which Nanhui District had the most significant increase, with an average annual increase of 2.67%, followed by Pudong New area and central urban area. At the same time, the reduction of impermeable surface rate has the same effect on runoff reduction, and the reduction of the same degree of impermeable surface rate has the most obvious response to the decrease of impermeable surface rate in the central urban area. And the response of runoff to the decrease of impermeable water surface rate when rainfall is low is more obvious than that when rainfall is high. For combined low impact development measures, the effect of green roof permeable pavement biological retention pool on runoff reduction is better, because the green roof has better effect on runoff reduction than Rain Water savings bank. For industrial land, public building land and old residential land, the use of waterway to reduce runoff is the most obvious, for new housing, green roof is the best, but for villa land, The biological retention tank has the best effect on reducing runoff.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X143

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 漢京超;王紅武;張善發(fā);劉燕;;城市雨洪調(diào)蓄利用的理念與實踐[J];安全與環(huán)境學(xué)報;2011年06期

2 周海麗,史培軍,徐小黎;深圳城市化過程與水環(huán)境質(zhì)量變化研究[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2003年02期

3 方創(chuàng)琳;劉曉麗;藺雪芹;;中國城市化發(fā)展階段的修正及規(guī)律性分析[J];干旱區(qū)地理;2008年04期

4 牛志廣;崔珍珍;陳彥熹;;低沖擊開發(fā)模式基礎(chǔ)措施性能研究現(xiàn)狀及進展[J];安全與環(huán)境學(xué)報;2014年06期

5 賀寶根,周乃晟,高效江,許世遠,袁永昆;農(nóng)田非點源污染研究中的降雨徑流關(guān)系——SCS法的修正[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)研究;2001年03期

6 郭青海;楊柳;馬克明;;基于模型模擬的城市非點源污染控制措施設(shè)計[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2007年11期

7 程江;楊凱;呂永鵬;李博;呂淑華;;城市綠地削減降雨地表徑流污染效應(yīng)的試驗研究[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2009年11期

8 孫艷偉;魏曉妹;POMEROY C A;;低影響發(fā)展的雨洪資源調(diào)控措施研究現(xiàn)狀與展望[J];水科學(xué)進展;2011年02期

9 劉珍環(huán);李猷;彭建;;河流水質(zhì)的景觀組分閾值研究進展[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2010年21期

10 王書敏;何強;張峻華;李江;;綠色屋頂徑流氮磷濃度分布及賦存形態(tài)[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2012年12期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李博;上海高度城市化地區(qū)土地利用變化對雨水徑流影響的研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2008年

，

本文編號：1912483