發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-18 14:53

  本文選題：蒽 + 苯并芘��； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步,現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)展,人們的生活水平不斷提高,環(huán)境污染也越來越嚴(yán)重,備受人們關(guān)注的環(huán)境問題就是水體污染。我國(guó)淡水資源分布不均勻,而且淡水總量占水資源總量的比例還不到百分之一。未經(jīng)處理或者處理不達(dá)標(biāo)的工業(yè)廢水直接排放到河流當(dāng)中,其中含有大量的有毒有害物質(zhì),直接污染水體,使水體質(zhì)量急劇下降,水生生物的生存受到威脅,進(jìn)而威脅人體健康。生活污水的排放量也日趨增多,其中含有大量的有機(jī)化合物,也會(huì)對(duì)水體造成污染,使其富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化。多環(huán)芳烴(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)是水體環(huán)境中普遍存在的有機(jī)污染物,工業(yè)廢水中含有大量的PAHs,目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的200多種PAHs,其中相當(dāng)一部分都具有強(qiáng)致癌性和致突變性,毒性最強(qiáng)的就是苯并芘和蒽。蒽和苯并芘作為很多PAHs的母體,探討二者單獨(dú)及聯(lián)合作用下對(duì)淡水植物的毒性作用,可為研究其它PAHs對(duì)淡水生物的生態(tài)毒理效應(yīng)提供有力的證據(jù)。三葉浮萍(Lemna minor),又叫浮萍或青萍,是淡水中極易常見的漂浮植物,在淡水植物中生長(zhǎng)有著絕對(duì)的優(yōu)勢(shì),其葉片漂浮水面,根深入水中吸收營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),生長(zhǎng)速度快,繁殖速率高。作為淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的初級(jí)生產(chǎn)者,利用水中營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分作為碳源,通過光合作用貯存能量,通過生物富集作用可影響其它淡水生物,在凈化水體,指示水體質(zhì)量中起到十分關(guān)鍵的作用。本文以浮萍為受試對(duì)象,通過生態(tài)毒理實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了多環(huán)芳烴(PAHs)——蒽(Anthracene)和苯并[α]芘(Bap)單獨(dú)及聯(lián)合作用對(duì)浮萍從種群到個(gè)體再到細(xì)胞進(jìn)而到分子水平的毒性影響,得到了一些有價(jià)值的結(jié)果:1、蒽對(duì)浮萍生理生化指標(biāo)的影響。(1)蒽對(duì)浮萍的生長(zhǎng)有抑制作用,而且呈現(xiàn)出了十分明顯的劑量效應(yīng)關(guān)系,即隨著蒽濃度的不斷升高,浮萍的相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率不斷下降。(2)隨著蒽濃度升高,葉綠素含量呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低;丙二醛(MDA)含量呈現(xiàn)升高的趨勢(shì);過氧化物酶(POD)活性先升高后降低。2、苯并芘對(duì)浮萍生理生化指標(biāo)的影響。(1)苯并芘對(duì)浮萍的生長(zhǎng)總體呈現(xiàn)抑制效應(yīng),但是當(dāng)苯并芘濃度低于0.5mg/L時(shí),對(duì)浮萍的生長(zhǎng)呈現(xiàn)促進(jìn)的趨勢(shì),當(dāng)苯并芘濃度高于0.5mg/L時(shí),對(duì)浮萍生長(zhǎng)呈現(xiàn)抑制的趨勢(shì),其相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率不斷下降。(2)隨著苯并芘濃度的升高,葉綠素含量呈現(xiàn)降低的趨勢(shì);丙二醛(MDA)含量呈現(xiàn)先升高后降低;過氧化物酶(POD)活性變化不大,但總體呈下降趨勢(shì)。3、蒽和苯并芘聯(lián)合作用下對(duì)浮萍生理生化指標(biāo)的影響。(1)蒽和苯并芘聯(lián)合作用下,毒性加強(qiáng),對(duì)浮萍生長(zhǎng)呈現(xiàn)十分明顯的抑制效應(yīng),且作用效果分別強(qiáng)于單一效果,表現(xiàn)為協(xié)同作用。(2)將苯并芘濃度固定0.5mg/L,隨著蒽濃度的升高,其相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率下降;葉綠素含量不斷降低;丙二醛(MDA)含量有所增高,但幅度不大;過氧化物酶(POD)活性急劇下降。4、蒽和苯并芘聯(lián)合作用下對(duì)浮萍DNA損傷的影響。(1)丙酮處理下的浮萍DNA電泳圖與對(duì)照組沒有明顯區(qū)別。(2)濃度為0.5mg/L的苯并芘分別于濃度為5mg/L和20mg/L的蒽復(fù)合作用下,與對(duì)照相比,條帶逐漸模糊,DNA受損程度逐漸加重,含量降低。5、蒽和苯并芘聯(lián)合作用下對(duì)浮萍亞顯微結(jié)構(gòu)的變化影響。(1)丙酮處理下的浮萍亞顯微結(jié)構(gòu)與對(duì)照組無明顯差異,均保持正常狀態(tài)。(2)蒽單一作用下隨濃度升高,細(xì)胞受損逐漸嚴(yán)重,亞顯微結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化。(3)聯(lián)合作用下與相同濃度的蒽對(duì)比,對(duì)細(xì)胞損傷更加嚴(yán)重,細(xì)胞內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)重變形,甚至出現(xiàn)葉綠體溶解,質(zhì)壁分離嚴(yán)重,內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society and the development of modern industry, the living standard of people is increasing and environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. The environmental problem which has attracted people's attention is water pollution. The distribution of fresh water resources in China is uneven, and the proportion of the total amount of fresh water in the total amount of water resources is less than one percent. Industrial wastewater is directly discharged into the river, which contains a large number of toxic and harmful substances, which directly pollute the water body, make the quality of water decline sharply, the survival of aquatic organisms are threatened, and then threaten the health of the human body. The discharge of domestic sewage is also increasing, which contains a large amount of organic compounds, which will also cause pollution to the water body. Eutrophication. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) are common organic pollutants in the water environment. There are a large number of PAHs in industrial waste water. More than 200 kinds of PAHs have been found at present. Some of them have strong carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, and the most toxic are a lot of benzopyrene and anthracene and benzopyrene. The maternal body of PAHs, which explores the toxic effects of two individual and combined effects on freshwater plants, provides powerful evidence for the study of the ecological toxicological effects of other PAHs on freshwater organisms. The Lemna minor, also called duckweed or Azolla, is a very common floating plant in fresh water and has an absolute advantage in the growth of freshwater plants. As the primary producer of the freshwater ecosystem, the nutrient components of the freshwater ecosystem are used as the carbon source, and the energy of the photosynthesis can be used to store the energy, and the biological enrichment can affect the other freshwater organisms, and the water purification can be used as a indicator of the water quality. In this paper, the toxic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - anthracene (Anthracene) and benzo [alpha] pyrene (Bap) on the toxicity of duckweed from population to individual to cell to molecular level were studied by the ecological toxicology experiment, and some valuable results were obtained: 1, anthracene to the physiology and biochemistry of duckweed. (1) anthracene had a inhibitory effect on the growth of duckweed, and showed a very obvious dose effect relationship, that is, the relative growth rate of duckweed decreased with the increase of anthracene concentration. (2) the content of chlorophyll increased first and then decreased with the increase of anthracene concentration; the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. The enzyme (POD) activity first increased and then decreased.2, the effect of benzopyrene on the physiological and biochemical indexes of duckweed. (1) benzopyrene had an overall inhibition effect on the growth of duckweed, but when the concentration of benzopyrene was lower than 0.5mg/L, the growth of duckweed was promoted. When the concentration of benzopyrene was higher than 0.5mg/L, it showed a tendency to inhibit the growth of duckweed. The growth rate declined continuously. (2) with the increase of the concentration of benzopyrene, the chlorophyll content showed a decreasing trend; the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased first and then decreased; the activity of peroxidase (POD) changed little, but the overall decrease trend was.3, and the effect of anthracene and benzopyrene on the physiological and biochemical indexes of duckweed. (1) anthracene and benzopyrene co operation Under use, the toxicity was strengthened, and the growth of duckweed was obviously inhibited, and the effect was stronger than the single effect. (2) the concentration of benzopyrene was fixed for 0.5mg/L. With the increase of anthracene concentration, the relative growth rate decreased; the content of chlorophyll was decreasing; the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased, but the amplitude was not large; The effects of chemical enzyme (POD) activity on.4, anthracene and benzopyrene on the DNA damage of duckweed. (1) the DNA electrophoresis diagram of duckweed under acetone treatment was not significantly different from that of the control group. (2) a benzopyrene with a concentration of 0.5mg/L was applied to the anthracene with a concentration of 5mg/L and 20mg/L respectively. Compared with the control, the strip was gradually blurred and the degree of DNA damaged. The changes in the submicroscopic structure of duckweed under combined effect of.5, anthracene and benzopyrene were gradually aggravated. (1) the submicroscopic structure of duckweed under acetone treatment was not significantly different from that of the control group. (2) the cell damage was gradually serious and the submicroscopic structure changed with the concentration of anthracene under the single action. (3) joint action. Compared with the same concentration of anthracene, the cell damage is more serious, the internal structure of the cell is seriously deformed, even the chloroplast dissolves, the separation of the mass wall is serious and the internal structure is disorganized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X171.5

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