本文選題：多胺 + 重金屬　； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：重金屬污染可引起一系列的環(huán)境問題,危害人類的生產(chǎn)生活和健康,因此對重金屬污染的防治非常重要。常用的重金屬污染治理方法有物理、化學(xué)、植物和微生物修復(fù)技術(shù)。重金屬污染的理化治理可能導(dǎo)致土壤的二次污染、微生物治理存在重金屬回收難等問題,因此植物修復(fù)成為較理想的土壤重金屬修復(fù)方法。植物修復(fù)亦存在周期長,見效慢等缺點,但可以通過提高植物對重金屬的耐性和積累來提高其效率。寬葉香蒲可積累多種重金屬,多胺具有調(diào)控植物生理功能和提高植物對環(huán)境脅迫抗性的作用。有關(guān)寬葉香蒲對重金屬的積累作用和多胺提高植物抗重金屬脅迫能力的研究已有報道,但亞精胺(Spermidine, Spd)對鎘(Cd)、鉛(Pb)單一及復(fù)合脅迫下寬葉香蒲對重金屬累積、耐性機理的調(diào)節(jié)研究未見報道。因此,本課題在野外調(diào)研凡口鉛鋅礦人工濕地寬葉香蒲對多種重金屬的積累與耐性機理基礎(chǔ)上,進一步通過土培實驗,采用多功能酶聯(lián)儀、原子吸收分光光度計等,研究了Cd、Pb單一及其復(fù)合脅迫對寬葉香蒲抗氧化系統(tǒng)的影響、寬葉香蒲對Cd、Pb的積累與耐性機理,以及外源Spd對寬葉香蒲吸收積累Cd、Pb、抗氧化系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)控作用。主要結(jié)果如下：(1)凡口鉛鋅礦寬葉香蒲濕地調(diào)研：(a)寬葉香蒲是多種重金屬的耐性植物,能有效降低人工濕地土壤重金屬含量,進水口到出水口土壤重金屬的減少量(除Pb、Fe外)均在80%左右。相比單一金屬的超富集植物,寬葉香蒲能大量積累多種重金屬,符合環(huán)境復(fù)合污染需求,應(yīng)用價值更大。(b)寬葉香蒲對重金屬的吸收主要受土壤重金屬含量的影響,重金屬之間的相互作用與根的選擇吸收是寬葉香蒲吸收重金屬的關(guān)鍵影響因素。(c)寬葉香蒲根系對重金屬的大量累積(Cd與Fe在寬葉香蒲地下部的積累均為50%以上,Pb、Zn和Cu都大于80%),尤其是抑制植物非營養(yǎng)元素Cd、Pb向地上部分的轉(zhuǎn)運,葉片細胞壁和胞基質(zhì)對重金屬的阻隔和結(jié)合是寬葉香蒲耐受重金屬污染的重要機制。(2)寬葉香蒲耐重金屬脅迫土培實驗：(a) Cd、Pb脅迫明顯提高土培寬葉香蒲超氧陰離子自由基(Superoxide anion,O2·-)、過氧化氫(Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)、一氧化氮(Nitric oxide, NO)的積累。外源Spd能夠顯著提高寬葉香蒲內(nèi)源Spd的含量,在一定程度上緩解了Cd、Pb對寬葉香蒲的氧化脅迫。相關(guān)性分析表明,Cd、Pb脅迫下,外源Spd能夠一定程度抑制寬葉香蒲葉片活性氧(Reactive oxygen species, ROS)的產(chǎn)生、脂質(zhì)過氧化及減弱NO對寬葉香蒲的有害影響,提高寬葉香蒲的對Cd、Pb的抗性。(b) Cd、Pb脅迫能夠降低寬葉香蒲葉片可溶性蛋白的含量,但對過氧化物酶(Peroxidase, POD)和過氧化氫酶(Catalase, CAT)影響不大,能夠明顯提高谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase, GPX)的活力,顯著降低谷胱甘肽還原酶(Glutathione reductase, GR)的活力,從而影響抗壞血酸-還原型谷胱甘肽(ASA-GSH)系統(tǒng)的功能,導(dǎo)致還原型抗壞血酸(Reduced ascorbate, ASA)和還原型谷胱甘肽(Reduced glutathione, GSH)含量降低。外源Spd能顯著提高寬葉香蒲葉片CAT和GR的活力,維持還原性谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)平衡,使ASA-GSH途徑發(fā)揮出積極的抗氧化作用。(c) Cd、Pb、Spd處理和寬葉香蒲種植后,土壤的pH值升高,在6.21～6.98內(nèi)波動,外源Spd可一定程度提高土壤堿度。土壤中Cd、Pb的形態(tài)分布與土壤pH值等理化性質(zhì)相關(guān)。Cd、Pb處理濃度和弱酸可溶態(tài)含量越高,寬葉香蒲積累重金屬越多。總體上,Cd、Pb復(fù)合脅迫可促使寬葉香蒲積累更多的重金屬,外源Spd可在一定程度上提高植物對Cd、Pb的積累。(d)寬葉香蒲根、莖、葉組織中,Cd、Pb含量的亞細胞分布為細胞壁組分胞基質(zhì)組分細胞器組分。外源Spd可以通過提高重金屬在寬葉香蒲細胞壁或細胞質(zhì)可溶部分的積累,降低Cd、Pb在細胞器中的含量,提高寬葉香蒲對Cd、Pb的解毒能力。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollution can cause a series of environmental problems, endangering human production, life and health, so it is very important for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution. The commonly used methods of heavy metal pollution control are physical, chemical, plant and microbial remediation. The physical and chemical treatment of heavy metal pollution may lead to two pollution of soil and microbial control. It is difficult to recover heavy metals. Therefore, phytoremediation has become an ideal method for remediation of heavy metals in soil. Plant repair also has some disadvantages, such as long cycle and slow effect. But it can improve the efficiency of plants by improving the tolerance and accumulation of heavy metals. Polyamines can accumulate a variety of heavy metals. Polyamines can regulate plant physiological functions and control plants. The effect of plant resistance to environmental stress was improved. The accumulation of heavy metal and the ability of polyamines to improve plant resistance to heavy metal stress have been reported, but the study of Spermidine (Spd) on the accumulation and tolerance mechanism of heavy metals to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) under single and compound stress has not been reported. Therefore, on the basis of the field investigation of the accumulation and tolerance mechanism of the wide leaf cattail in the artificial wetland of vankou lead zinc mine, the effects of Cd, Pb single and its compound coercion on the antioxidant system of the wide leaf cattail were studied by soil culture experiment, and the effects of single and compound coercion on the antioxidant system of the wide leaf cattail were studied. The accumulation and tolerance mechanism of Cd and Pb, and the effect of exogenous Spd on the absorption and accumulation of Cd, Pb, and antioxidant system function of the wide leaf cattail. The main results are as follows: (1) research on the wide leaf cattail wetland in Fankou Lead Zinc Mine: (a) wide leaf cattail is a tolerant plant of heavy metals, which can reduce the content of heavy metals in the soil of the artificial wetland and the water intake to the water. The reduction of heavy metals in the mouth of the mouth (except Pb, Fe) is around 80%. Compared with the single metal hyperconcentration plant, the wide leaf cattail can accumulate a large number of heavy metals, which conforms to the environmental compound pollution demand, and the application value is greater. (b) the heavy metal absorption of the wide leaf cattail to heavy metals is mainly affected by the heavy metal content of soil soil and the interaction between heavy metals and the heavy metals. The selective absorption of roots is a key factor in the absorption of heavy metals in the broad leaf cattail. (c) the accumulation of heavy metals in the root of the wide leaf cattail (Cd and Fe is more than 50% in the lower part of the broad leaf scented cattail, Pb, Zn and Cu are greater than 80%), especially the inhibition of the non nutrient element Cd, the transport of Pb to the upper part of the ground, the cell wall of leaves and the weight of the cell matrix. The barrier and combination of metal is an important mechanism for tolerance to heavy metal pollution of cattail. (2) a Cd, Pb stress obviously improves the superoxide anion radical (Superoxide anion, O2. -), hydrogen peroxide (Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), malondialdehyde (Malondialdehyde, MDA), nitric oxide. The accumulation of (Nitric oxide, NO). Exogenous Spd could significantly increase the content of endogenous Spd in the wide leaf cattail, to a certain extent alleviated the oxidative stress of Cd and Pb to the wide leaf cattail. The correlation analysis showed that under Cd and Pb stress, exogenous Spd could inhibit the production of active oxygen (Reactive oxygen) and lipid peroxy to a certain extent. The harmful effects of NO on the wide leaf cattail and the resistance to Cd and Pb were improved. (b) Cd, Pb stress could reduce the soluble protein content of the leaves of the wide leaf cattail, but it had little effect on the peroxidase (Peroxidase, POD) and catalase (Catalase, CAT), and could obviously improve the glutathione peroxidase (Glutathione per). The vitality of oxidase, GPX) significantly reduced the activity of glutathione reductase (Glutathione reductase, GR), thus affecting the function of the ascorbic acid and the prototype glutathione (ASA-GSH) system, resulting in reduced content of reduced ascorbic acid (Reduced ascorbate, ASA) and reduced glutathione (Reduced glutathione, GSH). The vitality of high and wide Ye Xiangpu leaves CAT and GR, maintain the balance of reduced glutathione / oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), make ASA-GSH pathway play an active antioxidant effect. (c) Cd, Pb, Spd treatment and wide leaf cattail planting, the soil pH value rises, fluctuates within 6.21 ~ 6.98, exogenous Spd can improve soil alkalinity to a certain extent. Cd in soil, The morphological distribution of Pb was related to the physical and chemical properties of soil pH,.Cd, the higher the concentration of Pb treatment and the soluble content of weak acid, the more heavy metals accumulated in wide Ye Xiangpu. In general, Cd, Pb compound stress could promote the accumulation of more heavy metals in the broad leaf cattail. The exogenous Spd could improve the accumulation of Cd and Pb in plants to a certain extent. (d) broad leaf root, stem and leaf group. The subcellular distribution of the content of Cd and Pb in the fabric is the component of the cellular organelles of the cell wall component. Exogenous Spd can increase the accumulation of heavy metals in the cell wall or the soluble part of the cytoplasm of the wide leaf cattail, reduce the content of Cd, Pb in the organelles, and improve the detoxification ability of the wide leaf cattail to Cd and Pb.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X173;X53

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