本文選題：霧霾 + 硅橡膠　； 參考：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)霧霾天氣的持續(xù)和惡化,已成為我國(guó)面臨的主要環(huán)境問(wèn)題。霧霾不僅給人類健康帶來(lái)了隱患,而且也給電力輸運(yùn)帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的影響。輸電線路中電場(chǎng)的作用使得大氣污染顆粒物在靜電力的作用下更易于富集在輸電系統(tǒng)絕緣材料表面,從而對(duì)材料產(chǎn)生腐蝕劣化等行為。本文研究了霧霾對(duì)輸電設(shè)備外絕緣材料表面的積污特性及對(duì)其絕緣特性的影響,并基于靜電場(chǎng)對(duì)大氣顆粒物的靜電吸附效應(yīng),發(fā)展了一種基于熱釋電材料的大氣污染顆粒物的采樣及過(guò)濾方法。論文的主要內(nèi)容包括以下三部分:(1)通過(guò)在霧霾天氣以及模擬霧霾環(huán)境下硅橡膠的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)霧霾中的水分、可溶性鹽、酸性氣體等綜合作用可能對(duì)硅橡膠表面造成腐蝕劣化以及所導(dǎo)致硅橡膠表面開(kāi)裂,介電性能下降,介電損耗增加等破壞。(2)大氣中的細(xì)顆粒物大多是極性顆粒,在靜電力的作用下更易于沉積在材料表面。因此,利用靜電吸附效應(yīng)能夠?qū)ξ廴炯?xì)顆粒進(jìn)行高效吸附和過(guò)濾。文中通過(guò)對(duì)駐極體熱釋電材料聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)的改性,使得其具有熱釋電效應(yīng),并研究了其在靜電吸附大氣細(xì)微顆粒物中的應(yīng)用。(3)相比于聚合物駐極體熱釋電材料的耐高溫性能差,介電損耗非常大等特點(diǎn),無(wú)機(jī)駐極體熱釋電材料鈮酸鋰則具有熱釋電系數(shù)大、耐熱、耐損耗等優(yōu)異性能。利用鈮酸鋰在溫度調(diào)控下產(chǎn)生的表面電荷的靜電作用吸附空氣中的細(xì)微顆粒物,并利用SEM、ICP-MS等分析手段對(duì)捕獲的顆粒物的粒徑和成分進(jìn)行了測(cè)試分析。結(jié)果表明此種材料對(duì)空氣中的細(xì)微顆粒物具有較高的吸附效率,所吸附的顆粒物成分與報(bào)道中的霧霾顆粒一致。這種基于熱釋電材料鈮酸鋰的靜電吸附方式具有注電簡(jiǎn)單易行、吸附效率高、壽命長(zhǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),而且對(duì)于吸附的顆粒物粒徑?jīng)]有選擇性,尤其對(duì)于空氣中的亞微米甚至納米尺度顆粒物具有較高的吸附效率,因此,在大氣顆粒物采樣及空氣凈化領(lǐng)域具有潛在的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the persistence and deterioration of haze weather has become a major environmental problem in China. Haze not only brings hidden danger to human health, but also brings serious influence to electric power transportation. Due to the effect of electric field in transmission lines, atmospheric particulates are more easily enriched on the surface of insulation materials of transmission system under the action of hydrostatic power, thus resulting in corrosion and deterioration of the materials. In this paper, the effects of haze on the fouling and insulation properties of external insulating materials of transmission equipment are studied, and the electrostatic adsorption effect of electrostatic field on atmospheric particulates is also studied. A method for sampling and filtering airborne particulate matter based on pyroelectric materials is developed. The main contents of the paper include the following three parts: 1) through the experimental study of silicone rubber in haze weather and simulated haze environment, we found the water, soluble salt in haze. The combined action of acid gas and so on may cause corrosion deterioration on the surface of silicone rubber, crack on the surface of silicone rubber, decrease of dielectric properties, increase of dielectric loss, etc.) the fine particles in the atmosphere are mostly polar particles. It is easier to deposit on the surface of material under the action of electrostatic force. Therefore, high efficiency adsorption and filtration of contaminated fine particles can be carried out by electrostatic adsorption. By modifying the electret pyroelectric material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), it has pyroelectric effect. Compared with polymer electret pyroelectric materials, its application in electrostatic adsorption of fine particulate matter in atmosphere, such as its poor high temperature resistance and high dielectric loss, is studied. Lithium niobate, an inorganic electret pyroelectric material, has excellent properties such as high pyroelectric coefficient, heat resistance and loss resistance. The fine particles in air were adsorbed by electrostatic interaction of surface charge produced by lithium niobate under the control of temperature. The particle size and composition of the captured particles were measured and analyzed by means of SEMMA-ICP-MS. The results show that the material has a high adsorption efficiency for fine particles in air and the composition of the particles adsorbed is consistent with the reported haze particles. This method of electrostatic adsorption based on pyroelectric material lithium niobate has the advantages of simple and easy to inject electricity, high adsorption efficiency and long life, and has no selectivity for the particle size of adsorbed particles. Especially for sub-micron or even nano-scale particulate matter in the air, it has high adsorption efficiency, so it has potential application value in the field of atmospheric particulate matter sampling and air purification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X513

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