發(fā)布時間：2018-05-12 19:15

  本文選題：螺旋藻 + 磷酸鹽　； 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：螺旋藻被譽為"21世紀(jì)最理想的食品"。隨著保健品的生產(chǎn)和開發(fā),螺旋藻的安全品質(zhì)越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。近年來,我國部分品牌的螺旋藻保健品中發(fā)生了砷(As)含量超標(biāo)事件,開展螺旋藻砷污染控制的研究已非常緊迫。以往這方面的研究大多集中在藻粉中總As含量的檢測和螺旋藻As污染源的分析。有關(guān)磷(P)濃度如何影響螺旋藻吸附、吸收和轉(zhuǎn)化砷酸鹽As(V)、亞砷酸鹽As(Ⅲ)的研究仍鮮有報道。本試驗以鈍頂螺旋藻為研究對象,首先用不同濃度As(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅲ)處理螺旋藻7 d,研究藻體對As的吸附和吸收特性;然后降低培養(yǎng)液中P濃度,研究不同P濃度對螺旋藻生長的影響;在藻體生長不受影響的情況下,研究不同P濃度對螺旋藻As(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅲ)吸附、吸收及胞內(nèi)As形態(tài)的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.不同P濃度對螺旋藻生長的影響采用實驗室內(nèi)培養(yǎng),設(shè)置系列P濃度(1/200P正～P正,P正為正常P供應(yīng)時培養(yǎng)基中P的濃度88.9mg·L~(-1))處理,研究不同P濃度對螺旋藻生物量、藻膽蛋白、葉綠素含量的影響。結(jié)果表明,與P正相比,1/10、1/25、1/50P正對螺旋藻的生長沒有影響;當(dāng)P濃度降低時1/100P正時,藻體藻膽蛋白顯著降低,葉綠素含量增加;當(dāng)P繼續(xù)降低至1/200P正時,螺旋藻的生物量、藻膽蛋白、葉綠素含量降低,生長受到顯著影響。2.不同濃度As(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅲ)對螺旋藻生長、As富集的影響分別用不同濃度 As(V)(50、100、150、200、250、300 μg·L~(-1))、As(Ⅲ)(50、100、200、300 μg·L~(-1))處理螺旋藻,比較不同As處理對螺旋藻生長和As吸附、吸收特性的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,與無As處理的對照組相比,不同濃度As(Ⅴ)對螺旋藻的生物量幾乎無影響,As(Ⅲ)處理的藻體生物量有增加的趨勢,但變化不顯著。螺旋藻As吸附量、吸收量和總砷含量均隨著培養(yǎng)液中As處理濃度的升高顯著增加。在相同As處理濃度下,As(Ⅲ)處理的藻體As吸收量和總砷含量均比As(V)處理的藻體高,而As吸附量相差不大。50、100 μg·L~(-1) As(Ⅴ)處理的螺旋藻幾乎不吸收As,As(Ⅲ)處理的藻體As吸收量分別為0.242、0.300 mg·kg~(-1)。因此,在相同As濃度處理時,螺旋藻對As(Ⅲ)的富集能力更強(qiáng)。此外,當(dāng)培養(yǎng)液中As(Ⅴ)濃度達(dá)到150 μg·L~(-1)時,藻體富集的As含量為1.006 mg·kg~(-1)，超過了我國保健品中As的限量值1.0 mg·kg~(-1)。As(Ⅲ)處理濃度為 200 μg·L~(-1)、300 μg·L~(-1),藻體總砷含量為 1.471 mg·kg~(-1)、2.285 mg kg~(-1)，嚴(yán)重超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限量。但大部分的As被吸附在細(xì)胞表面,因此可以通過PBS洗脫明顯降低藻體的總砷含量。此外,As(Ⅴ)處理時螺旋藻胞內(nèi)只有As(Ⅴ)一種As形態(tài),而As(Ⅲ)處理的藻體胞內(nèi)同時存在As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ),但以后者為主要形態(tài)。3.不同P濃度對螺旋藻吸附、吸收和轉(zhuǎn)化As(V)、As(Ⅲ)的影響設(shè)置在不影響螺旋藻正常生長的P濃度(1/50P正～P正),分別用As(Ⅴ)(300 μg·L~(-1))、As(Ⅲ)(200、300 μg·L~(-1))處理螺旋藻,研究比較不同P濃度對螺旋藻As(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅲ)吸附、吸收和胞內(nèi)As形態(tài)的差異。研究結(jié)果表明,正常P條件下，300 μg·L~(-1)As(Ⅴ)、As(Ⅲ)處理的藻體吸收As含量分別為0.202、0.802 mg kg~(-1);當(dāng)P濃度為1/25 P 正時,藻體As吸收量分別顯著增加至1.369、2.181 mg kg~(-1);P降低至1/50P正藻體吸收的As含量繼續(xù)增加至1.457、2.672 mg-kg~(-1),表明降低培養(yǎng)液中P的濃度會促進(jìn)藻體對As的吸收,增加了螺旋藻As污染超標(biāo)的風(fēng)險。此外,用As(V)處理螺旋藻后,培養(yǎng)液中P濃度的降低還會促進(jìn)螺旋藻胞內(nèi)As的還原、甲基化和外排過程。當(dāng)用As(Ⅲ)處理時,螺旋藻對As(Ⅲ)具有較強(qiáng)的氧化作用,降低培養(yǎng)液P濃度也促進(jìn)了上述過程的發(fā)生。在300 μg· L~(-1)As(Ⅴ)處理下,僅當(dāng)P濃度降低至1/50P正時,螺旋藻胞內(nèi)產(chǎn)生二甲基砷(DMA)。而當(dāng)用300 μg·L~(-1)As(Ⅲ)處理時,P濃度降低至1/25P正，，螺旋藻胞內(nèi)開始產(chǎn)生DMA,且DMA的含量隨P濃度的降低(1/50P正)而增加。但是,As(Ⅴ)處理的螺旋藻甲基As比例較大(37.35%),而As(Ⅲ)處理的藻細(xì)胞內(nèi)甲基As僅占5.58%。由此可以說明,當(dāng)培養(yǎng)液中P濃度降低時,As(Ⅲ)處理下藻體胞內(nèi)更容易產(chǎn)生甲基砷,但As(Ⅴ)處理下藻體甲基化能力更強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:Spirulina is known as "the most ideal food in twenty-first Century". With the production and development of health care products, the safety quality of Spirulina has attracted more and more attention. In recent years, the content of arsenic (As) in Spirulina health-care products in some brands of our country is exceeding the standard, and the Research on the control of arsenic pollution in Spirulina is very urgent. The study is mostly focused on the determination of total As content in algae powder and the analysis of As pollution sources of Spirulina. The study of how phosphorus (P) concentration affects the adsorption of spirulina, absorption and transformation of arsenate As (V) and arsenite As (III) is still rarely reported. This experiment was studied with Spirulina platensis as an image, first with different concentrations of As (V) and As (III) to treat Spirulina 7 d, Study the adsorption and absorption properties of algal body on As; then reduce the concentration of P in the culture medium, study the effect of different P concentration on the growth of Spirulina; study the effects of different P concentration on As (V), As (III) adsorption, absorption and intracellular As form of Spirulina under the condition of algae growth. The main results are as follows: 1. different P concentrations to Spirulina The effects of P concentration (1/200P positive to P positive, P are P concentration in normal P supply 88.9mg. L~ (-1)) in the medium of normal P supply, and the effects of different P concentrations on the biomass of spirulina, algin and chlorophyll content were studied. The results showed that 1/10,1/25,1/50P was not a shadow of the growth of Spirulina. When the concentration of P was reduced, when the concentration of 1/100P was positive, the algal algin was significantly reduced and the content of chlorophyll increased; when P continued to decrease to 1/200P, the biomass of spirulina, the content of chlorophyllin and chlorophyll decreased, and the growth was significantly affected by.2. concentration As (V), As (III) was grown on Spirulina, and the effect of As enrichment was respectively As (V) (50,) 100150200250300 mu g. L~ (-1)), As (III) (50100200300 G. L~ (-1)) treated spirulina, compared the effects of different As treatments on the growth of Spirulina and the absorption properties of the spirulina. The results showed that the biomass of different concentration As (V) had almost no effect on the biomass of spirulina, and the biomass of As (III) treated by As (III) was compared with those without As treatment. There was an increasing trend, but the change was not significant. The As absorption, absorption and total arsenic content of Spirulina increased significantly with the increase of As concentration in the culture medium. At the same As treatment concentration, the As absorption and total arsenic content of the algae treated by As (III) were higher than that of As (V) treated algae, but the difference of As adsorption capacity was less.50100 micron G. L~ (-1). The treated Spirulina almost did not absorb As, and the As absorption of As (III) treated algae was 0.242,0.300 mg. Kg~ (-1). Therefore, the enrichment ability of Spirulina was stronger for As (III) at the same As concentration treatment. In addition, when the concentration of As (V) reached 150 mu G. The limited value of As in the healthy products was 1 mg. Kg~ (-1).As (-1).As (-1), 300 mu g L~ (-1), and the total arsenic content in the algae body was 1.471 mg. There are only As (V) As morphology in the cell of spirulina, while As (III) and As (V) exist in the cells of the algae treated by As (III), but the latter is adsorbed to Spirulina by the concentration of the main morphology.3., and the absorption and conversion of As (V), As (III) is set in the P concentration of the normal growth of the non sound spirulina. (300) (v.) L~ (-1)), As (200300) (III) (200300 mu g. L~ (-1)) treated spirulina, compared the difference between the concentration of P and the adsorption, absorption and As morphology of spirulina, As (III), absorption and intracellular As. The results showed that under normal P conditions, 300 micron G. The absorption of As in the algae increased to 1.369,2.181 mg kg~ (-1), and the As content absorbed by P decreased to 1.457,2.672 mg-kg~ (-1), indicating that the reduction of the concentration of P in the culture medium would promote the absorption of the algae and increase the risk of excessive pollution of Spirulina. The reduction also promoted the reduction, methylation and outer row of the intracellular As in Spirulina. When treated with As (III), spirulina had a strong oxidation effect on As (III) and reduced the concentration of P in the culture medium. Under the treatment of 300 mu g. L~ (-1) As (V), only when the concentration of P decreased to 1/50P, the two methyl in the cell of Spirulina was produced. Arsenic (DMA). And when the concentration of P is reduced to 1/25P with 300 g. L~ (-1) As (III), DMA is produced in the cell of spirulina, and the content of DMA increases with the decrease of P concentration (1/50P). When the concentration of P in the solution decreased, methyl arsenic was more likely to be produced in algal cells under As (III) treatment, but the methylation ability of algae was stronger under As (V) treatment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X173

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