本文選題：地下水 + 硝酸鹽污染�。� 參考：《河北工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于人類的無限索取和刻意破壞,使得地下水資源硝酸鹽污染的情況日漸嚴(yán)重。地下水硝酸鹽的污染成為當(dāng)今社會(huì)上備受關(guān)注的環(huán)境問題,嚴(yán)重影響到人類的生活。本文詳細(xì)敘述了地下水硝酸鹽污染的來源及危害,將不同處理方法(如物理法、化學(xué)法、生物法、滲透性反應(yīng)墻技術(shù))的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,得出滲透性反應(yīng)墻技術(shù)是目前地下水污染原位修復(fù)的最佳可行性方法。針對(duì)全球范圍內(nèi)地下水中硝酸鹽污染的去除問題,首先采取靜態(tài)試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行前期反應(yīng)介質(zhì)的研究。選擇釋碳性能良好且釋氮量較少的松木鋸末及工業(yè)用還原性零價(jià)鐵粉共同作為反應(yīng)介質(zhì)。隨后考察鐵粉預(yù)處理、反應(yīng)介質(zhì)配比及進(jìn)水p H等因素對(duì)后續(xù)反應(yīng)柱脫氮效果的影響。反應(yīng)結(jié)果表明:松木鋸末可以為反硝化細(xì)菌提供碳源,當(dāng)鐵粉經(jīng)酸預(yù)處理后,C:Fe=2:3及進(jìn)水p H=7左右時(shí),裝置的脫氮效果最好,脫氮率達(dá)到72.11%,由于天然地下水的p H值范圍為6-9,此時(shí)該p H值正好符合。將鋸末及鐵粉按照靜態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的數(shù)據(jù)混合填充于自制的PRB反應(yīng)柱中,通過8組試驗(yàn)分別改變進(jìn)水流速及進(jìn)水濃度進(jìn)行脫氮反應(yīng)得出如下結(jié)論:隨著進(jìn)水流速?gòu)?cm/h增加到7cm/h,混合反應(yīng)柱的延程脫氮效率逐漸減小,但一周內(nèi)內(nèi)脫氮率均能達(dá)到100%,該裝置在設(shè)計(jì)流速范圍內(nèi)脫氮效果較好,但當(dāng)流速為1cm/h及3cm/h時(shí),裝置脫氮效果無明顯差別,因此在后續(xù)反應(yīng)中進(jìn)水流速定為3cm/h;確定進(jìn)水流速后,將進(jìn)水濃度由60mg/L增至120mg/L,最終均能實(shí)現(xiàn)完全脫氮且無亞硝酸鹽氮的積累,進(jìn)水濃度的增加導(dǎo)致出水中副產(chǎn)物氨氮的增加。在后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,將進(jìn)水流速定為3cm/h,進(jìn)水濃度定為80m/L,對(duì)比不同填充方式下反應(yīng)裝置的脫氮效果。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:實(shí)驗(yàn)穩(wěn)定后,兩種不同的填充方式下,地下水中的硝酸鹽污染物均能得到高效去除,并且混合填充下連續(xù)出水中NO3--N未檢出,脫氮率為100%,分段填充脫氮率為93.84%;分段填充出水中氨氮降低到2.28mg/L左右,占去除NO3--N濃度的7%左右;通過實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),分段填充能有效的防止出水中二次污染問題的產(chǎn)生。通過微生物群落分析得到的結(jié)果表明鋸末上優(yōu)勢(shì)群落主要有Pseudomonas、Diaphorobacter、Caulobacter。通過該實(shí)驗(yàn)的研究結(jié)果可以看出,未來可以利用類似的裝置來進(jìn)行地下水硝酸鹽的原位修復(fù),但該技術(shù)的成功應(yīng)用需要有適宜的填料和反應(yīng)裝置,在今后的工程實(shí)踐中定能發(fā)揮重要的作用。
[Abstract]:The nitrate pollution of groundwater resources is becoming more and more serious due to the unlimited demand and deliberate destruction. Nitrate pollution in groundwater has become a serious environmental problem, which has seriously affected human life. In this paper, the sources and hazards of nitrate pollution in groundwater are described in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods (such as physical, chemical, biological and permeable reactive wall techniques) are compared. It is concluded that the permeable reactive wall technique is the best feasible method for in situ remediation of groundwater pollution. Aiming at the removal of nitrate pollution from groundwater worldwide, a static test was first carried out to study the pre-reaction medium. Pine sawdust with good carbon release and low nitrogen release was chosen as the reaction medium, and the reduced zero valent iron powder was used as the reaction medium. Then the effects of iron powder pretreatment, reaction medium ratio and influent pH on the denitrification efficiency of the subsequent reaction column were investigated. The reaction results showed that pine sawdust could provide carbon source for denitrifying bacteria. When iron powder was pretreated with acid, the denitrification efficiency of the plant was the best when the iron powder was pretreated with C _ (10) Fe _ (2): 3 and influent p H _ (7). The denitrification rate is 72.11. Since the pH range of natural groundwater is 6-9, the pH value of natural groundwater coincides with that of natural groundwater. The sawdust and iron powder were mixed and filled in the self-made PRB reaction column according to the data obtained from the static experiment. By changing the influent flow rate and influent concentration, the following conclusions are drawn: with the increase of influent flow rate from 1cm/h to 7 cm / h, the delayed denitrification efficiency of the mixed reaction column decreases gradually. However, the denitrification rate can reach 100% within one week. The denitrification rate of the device is better in the design flow rate range, but when the flow rate is 1cm/h and 3cm/h, the denitrification effect of the device has no obvious difference, so in the subsequent reaction, the influent flow rate is set at 3 cm / h; after determining the influent flow rate, When the influent concentration was increased from 60mg/L to 120mg / L, the total denitrification and the accumulation of nitrite nitrogen could be realized. The increase of influent concentration resulted in the increase of ammonia nitrogen, the by-product of the effluent. In the subsequent experiments, the influent flow rate was set at 3 cm / h and the influent concentration was set at 80 m / L, and the denitrification efficiency of the reactor was compared under different filling conditions. The experimental results show that the nitrate pollutants in groundwater can be removed efficiently under two different filling modes after the experiment is stable, and the NO3--N in the continuous effluent is not detected under mixed filling. The nitrogen removal rate was 100 and the nitrogen removal rate was 93.84. The ammonia nitrogen in the water was reduced to about 7% of the NO3--N removal concentration. The experimental results showed that the subsection filling could effectively prevent the secondary pollution in the effluent. The results of microbial community analysis showed that the dominant community on sawdust was Pseudomonas sinensis Diaphorobacterus Caulobacter. It can be seen from the results of this experiment that similar devices can be used for the in-situ remediation of nitrate in groundwater in the future, but the successful application of this technique requires suitable fillers and reaction devices. It will play an important role in the future engineering practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X523

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：1877261