本文選題：水體污染 + 河道模型��； 參考：《浙江大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：水體污染源的追蹤與定位是水質(zhì)監(jiān)測的重要手段,快速、可靠的污染源定位方法結(jié)合便捷、高效的移動水質(zhì)監(jiān)測設(shè)備能夠在常規(guī)排污控制、突發(fā)性水體污染事故治理中起到關(guān)鍵性作用,可作為有關(guān)部門整治污染來源、提升受污水質(zhì)、改善水體環(huán)境的重要手段。本文設(shè)計開發(fā)移動水質(zhì)監(jiān)測平臺,提出一種河道污染源追蹤定位方法,重點研究追蹤定位過程中的方向策略、步長策略以及每個步長的運動路徑規(guī)劃方法。方法的整體性能分別在仿真環(huán)境和實驗環(huán)境中得到驗證。論文主要工作和創(chuàng)新點為：(1)結(jié)合自然河道污染物擴散模型特點提出一種邊界約束條件下的河道污染源追蹤定位方法。方法在行為規(guī)劃法和濃度梯度法的基礎(chǔ)上,做改進和完善,并加入邊界處理方法以適應(yīng)實際河道的復雜環(huán)境。在河道污染物二維擴散仿真環(huán)境中,對所提方法進行驗證,同時與現(xiàn)有的兩種經(jīng)典方法作對比分析。結(jié)果表明,所提方法在適用性、定位效率、定位精度等方面都有較優(yōu)的性能.(2)針對實際河道存在邊界且可能存在障礙物的特點,提出污染源追蹤定位過程中解決避障問題的運動路徑規(guī)劃方法。方法以標準遺傳算法為基礎(chǔ),改進編碼方式、初始種群產(chǎn)生方式、評價函數(shù)選擇、交叉和變異方式,并加入了插入算子和路徑平滑優(yōu)化方法。將運動路徑規(guī)劃方法和污染源追蹤定位方法在帶有障礙物的河道污染物二維擴散仿真環(huán)境中做驗證,結(jié)果表明,過程中的每個步長都能找到避開障礙物的安全最短運動路徑。(3)結(jié)合移動水質(zhì)監(jiān)測技術(shù),設(shè)計開發(fā)了河道水質(zhì)擴散模擬系統(tǒng)實驗平臺。該平臺可以模擬污染物的不同排放位置、不同排放量、環(huán)境中有無障礙物等多種實驗場景。論文設(shè)計實驗方案驗證本文所提方法,通過對實驗過程和結(jié)果的分析指出所提方法的性能優(yōu)勢和待改進之處,也提出了后續(xù)工作的開展方向。(4)設(shè)計開發(fā)了面向應(yīng)急監(jiān)測的移動水質(zhì)監(jiān)測平臺作為河道污染源追蹤定位的執(zhí)行載體,包含移動水質(zhì)監(jiān)測船、遠程監(jiān)控中心、手持遙控器三部分。平臺具有實時定位監(jiān)控(差分GPS定位)、自主航行、立體采取水樣、水質(zhì)參數(shù)在線測量、無線控制與數(shù)據(jù)傳輸五大基本功能。平臺在錢塘江進行了多次試運行并開展了初步的應(yīng)急監(jiān)測實驗。
[Abstract]:The tracking and positioning of water pollution sources is an important means of water quality monitoring. Rapid and reliable pollution source location method combined with convenient and efficient mobile water quality monitoring equipment can be used in conventional sewage control. The treatment of sudden water pollution accidents plays a key role, which can be used as an important means for the relevant departments to rectify the pollution source, improve the quality of sewage and improve the water environment. In this paper, a mobile water quality monitoring platform is designed and developed, and a method for tracking and locating river pollution sources is proposed. The research focuses on the orientation strategy, step size strategy and track planning method for each step in the process of tracking and locating. The overall performance of the method is verified in the simulation environment and the experimental environment respectively. The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the characteristics of natural channel pollutant diffusion model, a tracing and locating method for river pollution sources under boundary constraints is proposed. Methods based on the behavioral programming method and the concentration gradient method, the method was improved and improved, and the boundary treatment method was added to adapt to the complex environment of the actual river course. The proposed method is verified and compared with the existing two classical methods in the two-dimensional dispersion simulation environment of river pollutants. The results show that the proposed method has better performance in applicability, location efficiency, positioning accuracy and so on. A motion path planning method is proposed to solve the problem of obstacle avoidance in the process of tracing and locating pollution sources. Methods based on the standard genetic algorithm, the coding method, initial population generation, evaluation function selection, crossover and mutation were improved, and insert operators and path smoothing optimization methods were added. The motion path planning method and the pollution source tracking method are verified in the two-dimensional diffusion simulation environment of river pollutants with obstacles. The results show that, Each step in the process can find the safe shortest movement path of avoiding obstacles. (3) combined with mobile water quality monitoring technology, the experimental platform of river water quality diffusion simulation system is designed and developed. The platform can simulate various experimental scenarios such as different emission locations, different emissions, obstacles in the environment and so on. The experimental scheme is designed to verify the proposed method. The performance advantages and improvements of the proposed method are pointed out through the analysis of the experimental process and results. The mobile water quality monitoring platform for emergency monitoring is designed and developed as the executive carrier of channel pollution source tracking and positioning, including mobile water quality monitoring ship, remote monitoring center and handheld remote control. The platform has five basic functions of real-time positioning and monitoring (differential GPS positioning, autonomous navigation, stereoscopic water sampling, on-line measurement of water quality parameters, wireless control and data transmission). The platform was tested in Qiantang River for many times and the preliminary emergency monitoring experiment was carried out.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X832

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