本文選題：奶牛糞便 + 堆積過程　； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著規(guī)�；B(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)的迅速發(fā)展,產(chǎn)生了大量的畜禽糞便。糞肥含有豐富的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分,但是其堆積過程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的溫室氣體,是溫室氣體的一個(gè)重要排放源。為了研究牛糞堆放過程中溫室氣體的排放規(guī)律,為溫室氣體減排和畜禽糞便有效利用提供依據(jù),本研究選用不同組群(高產(chǎn)組、中產(chǎn)組、低產(chǎn)組)奶牛糞便進(jìn)行90d的堆肥試驗(yàn),用靜態(tài)箱-氣相色譜法觀測(cè)堆肥過程中溫室氣體(CH4, CO2和N2O)的排放,同時(shí)觀測(cè)堆肥過程中各種形態(tài)的有機(jī)碳(總有機(jī)碳、水溶性有機(jī)碳、熱水溶性有機(jī)碳、活性有機(jī)碳等)及含氮化合物(全氮、堿解氮、硝銨態(tài)氮、蛋白質(zhì)、游離氨基酸)的變化,并分析了這些指標(biāo)與溫室氣體排放的關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果表明：(1)探明了不同組群奶牛糞便為期90天堆積過程中溫室氣體的排放規(guī)律及產(chǎn)生的溫室效應(yīng)。在堆積的第一周,CO2和CH4排放量較大,并迅速下降。隨著溫度的升高和水分的減少,CO2和CH4排放速率上升且維持在較高水平,N2O的排放速率也迅速升高,達(dá)到峰值后迅速降低。高產(chǎn)組、中產(chǎn)組、低產(chǎn)組奶牛糞便堆積過程中CH4-C和N20-N的累積排放量大小順序一致,均為高產(chǎn)組中產(chǎn)組低產(chǎn)組。CO2-C的累積排放量最小的是低產(chǎn)組。各處理產(chǎn)生的總溫室效應(yīng)大小順序?yàn)楦弋a(chǎn)組中產(chǎn)組低產(chǎn)組,三種氣體中貢獻(xiàn)最大的是C02,占總溫室效應(yīng)的一半以上,CH4和N2O的溫室效應(yīng)貢獻(xiàn)相差不大。(2)研究了奶牛糞便堆積過程中有機(jī)碳組成的變化。堆積過程中各處理的高活性有機(jī)碳變化趨勢(shì)為由緩慢上升(第0-16d)到迅速上升(第16-27d),而后迅速下降(第27-45d),到腐解結(jié)束時(shí)保持相對(duì)平穩(wěn)(第45d至堆肥結(jié)束)。各處理的中活性有機(jī)碳呈波動(dòng)上升趨勢(shì),三組處理的含量均上升了60%以上。低活性有機(jī)碳的變化趨勢(shì)為先下降(第0-11d)后上升(第11-39d)接著下降(第39d至堆肥結(jié)束)的趨勢(shì)。水溶性有機(jī)碳的含量的變化趨勢(shì)均是先升高(第0-3d)后降低(第3-60d),而后保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定(第60d至堆肥結(jié)束)。在堆肥初期,熱水溶性有機(jī)碳含量持續(xù)下降(第0-27d),隨著堆肥時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),其含量上升(第27-45d)。在堆肥后期,熱水溶性有機(jī)碳含量下降(第45d至堆肥結(jié)束)。堿溶性有機(jī)碳的變化呈現(xiàn)先下降(第0-16d),后上升(第16-60d),最后下降的變化趨勢(shì)(第60d至堆肥結(jié)束)�？傮w來看,各處理堿溶性有機(jī)碳低活性有機(jī)碳中活性有機(jī)碳高活性有機(jī)碳水溶性有機(jī)碳熱水溶性有機(jī)碳。(3)研究了奶牛糞便堆積過程中氮素的變化。堆積過程中堿解氮含量在堆積初期基本保持不變(第0-16d),隨后出現(xiàn)了先上升(第16-27d)后下降(第27-45d)的過程,堆肥的第45d以后,又出現(xiàn)上升(第45-53d)-下降(第53-60d)的趨勢(shì)。HN/TN的變化隨堆肥時(shí)間呈現(xiàn)波動(dòng)狀,變化趨勢(shì)基本與HN含量一致。低產(chǎn)組牛糞的蛋白質(zhì)含量明顯高于高、中產(chǎn)組,隨著堆肥的進(jìn)行,各組蛋白質(zhì)含量均呈現(xiàn)波動(dòng)上升的趨勢(shì),到堆肥結(jié)束時(shí),蛋白質(zhì)含量大小順序?yàn)榈彤a(chǎn)組高產(chǎn)組中產(chǎn)組。在堆肥的0-16d,各處理的游離氨基酸(FAA)含量均呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢(shì),且高產(chǎn)組中產(chǎn)組低產(chǎn)組,在堆肥的16-33d,FAA含量上升,在堆肥的33-90d,FAA含量持續(xù)降低。NH4+-N初始含量較高,堆肥過程中略有上升后下降,硝態(tài)氮含量隨著堆肥的進(jìn)行而升高。(4)CO2的排放速率與水溶性有機(jī)碳和高活性有機(jī)碳呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,與熱水溶性有機(jī)碳呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。CH4的排放速率與水溶性有機(jī)碳、熱水溶性有機(jī)碳、堿溶性有機(jī)碳和高活性有機(jī)碳均呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。N2O的排放速率與全氮、銨態(tài)氮有極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)性,與蛋白質(zhì)、硝態(tài)氮有極顯著正相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of large-scale breeding farms, a large number of livestock and poultry manure has been produced. Manure contains rich nutrients, but a large number of greenhouse gases will be produced during the accumulation process, which is an important source of greenhouse gases. In order to study the emission of greenhouse gases in the process of cow dung stacking, the emission reduction of greenhouse gases and livestock and poultry manure are made. In this study, the 90d composting test of dairy cow dung from different groups (high yield group, middle class group and low yield group) was used to observe the emission of greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2 and N2O) in the composting process by static box gas chromatography, and the various forms of organic carbon (total organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, hot water) during the composting process were observed. The changes of soluble organic carbon, active organic carbon, and nitrogen compounds (total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, ammonium nitrate nitrogen, protein, free amino acid), and the relationship between these indexes and greenhouse gas emission were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the emission laws and production of greenhouse gases during the 90 day accumulation of different groups of cow dung were explored. Greenhouse effect. In the first week of accumulation, the emission of CO2 and CH4 decreased rapidly. With the increase of temperature and the decrease of water, the emission rate of CO2 and CH4 increased and maintained at a high level. The emission rate of N2O increased rapidly, and then decreased rapidly after the peak. The high yield group, the middle yield group and the low yield group of dairy cow dung accumulation process CH4-C and N20-N The cumulative emission of.CO2-C in the high yield group was the lowest in low yield group of low yield group in high yield group. The total greenhouse effect of each treatment was the low yield group in high yield group, and the largest contribution of the three gases was C02, accounting for more than half of the total greenhouse effect, and the difference of greenhouse effect contribution between CH4 and N2O (2) (2) the change of organic carbon composition during the accumulation of cow dung was studied. The change trend of highly active organic carbon in the process of accumulation was slowly rising (0-16d) to rapid rise (16-27d), and then rapidly decreased (27-45d), and the retention of the organic carbon was relatively stable at the end of the decay (45d to the end of the composting). The content of the three groups increased by more than 60%. The trend of the low active organic carbon was first descending (0-11d) and then descending (11-39d) and descending (39d to the end of compost). The trend of the change of the content of water soluble organic carbon was first increased (0-3d) and decreased (3-60d), and then remained relatively stable. (60d to the end of compost). At the early stage of composting, the content of hot water soluble organic carbon continued to decrease (0-27d). With the time of composting, its content increased (27-45d). In the late composting, the content of hot water soluble organic carbon decreased (45d to the end of compost). The change of alkali soluble organic carbon decreased first (0-16d), and then increased (16-60d). The trend of subsequent decline (60d to the end of compost). In general, each treatment of alkaline soluble organic carbon in low active organic carbon was highly active organic carbon, high active organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon. (3) the change of nitrogen in the process of cow stool accumulation was studied. Change (0-16d), followed by the process of descending (27-45d) after the first rise (16-27d), and after the 45d of the compost (45-53d) - descending (53-60d), the trend of.HN/TN changes with the time of composting, and the change trend is basically consistent with the HN content. The protein content of the low yield group of cow dung is obviously higher than that of the high, middle class, and the middle group. At the end of compost, the content of protein content was in the middle group of high yield group in low yield group. The content of free amino acid (FAA) in each treatment was reduced, and the low yield group in the high yield group was in the high yield group, and the content of 16-33d and FAA increased in the composting group, and in the pile of the composting, at the end of the compost, the content of the protein content increased in the composting group of 0-16d and in the pile of the composting. 33-90d, FAA content continued to lower the initial content of.NH4+-N, and then decreased slightly in the process of composting, and the content of nitrate nitrogen increased with the composting. (4) the emission rate of CO2 was significantly positively correlated with water-soluble organic carbon and highly active organic carbon, and there was a significant positive correlation with hot water soluble organic carbon (.CH4). The rate is very significant positive correlation with water-soluble organic carbon, hot water soluble organic carbon, alkali soluble organic carbon and high active organic carbon. The emission rate of.N2O is significantly negatively correlated with total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, and has a very significant positive correlation with protein and nitrate nitrogen.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X713

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