本文選題：淮河流域(河南段) + 水環(huán)境��； 參考：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：淮河流域是我國水環(huán)境污染最嚴(yán)重的流域之一,水環(huán)境破壞對(duì)水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成了嚴(yán)重的影響,導(dǎo)致流域內(nèi)水生生物資源銳減,嚴(yán)重危及水生態(tài)安全及河流健康。而淮河流域河南段水系是歷年來水污染最嚴(yán)重的河流,因此展開淮河流域(河南段)水環(huán)境和水生生物資源現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查,研究淮河流域(河南段)水環(huán)境空間異質(zhì)性及其對(duì)水生植物分布的影響對(duì)流域內(nèi)水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)具有重要意義。本文在該流域大面積野外水生植物群落調(diào)查及室內(nèi)水質(zhì)、底泥理化性質(zhì)分析的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用主成分分析、聚類分析、地統(tǒng)計(jì)分析和內(nèi)梅羅指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)法對(duì)淮河流域(河南段)水環(huán)境的空間異質(zhì)性特征進(jìn)行研究,并探討水環(huán)境異質(zhì)性對(duì)水生植物群落空間分布的影響,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)主成分分析結(jié)果表明水體總磷、可溶性磷酸鹽、氨氮及總氮,底泥氨氮、底泥總氮是影響水環(huán)境質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵因子。(2)對(duì)144個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)聚類分析結(jié)果表明,淮河流域(河南段)淮河以南的支流比以北的支流水環(huán)境好,淮河干流和沙潁河、洪河、渦河干流的水環(huán)境比其支流的水環(huán)境好,河流中上游的水環(huán)境比下游的水環(huán)境好。(3)利用GIS地統(tǒng)計(jì)原理研究了水環(huán)境關(guān)鍵因子的空間異質(zhì)性,并綜合評(píng)價(jià)了淮河流域(河南段)的水環(huán)境狀況,結(jié)果表明該流域水系中賈魯河流域、渦河部分流域、洪河和汝河的中下游,以及淮河干流的支流閭河水環(huán)境污染最為嚴(yán)重,沙潁河中上游、淮河干流以南的竹竿河、潢河、白露河、史河、灌河等水系的水環(huán)境較好。(4)淮河流域(河南段)水生植物共計(jì)51種,其中挺水植物最多,共計(jì)28種,占總數(shù)的54.9%,沉水植物12種、浮葉根生植物10種以及漂浮植物1種。主要水生植物群落有14種,出現(xiàn)頻率最高的群落為喜旱蓮子草群落,為25.7%,其次為金魚藻群落和黑藻群落,出現(xiàn)頻率分別為12.5%和11.8%。沉水植物金魚藻以及挺水植物喜旱蓮子草、蘆葦、辣蓼等對(duì)水環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng),屬于耐污物種。不同類型的水生植物群落空間分布具有明顯差異,沉水植物群落主要集中在河流上游部分、淮河干流以南部分河流及水量充沛、水環(huán)境好的沙潁河、大小洪河等,在水環(huán)境差的區(qū)域植被群落多為挺水植物。CCA分析結(jié)果表明影響植被群落空間分布特征的關(guān)鍵環(huán)境因子為水體可溶性磷酸鹽、水體總磷和水體氨氮。
[Abstract]:Huaihe River Basin is one of the most serious water environmental pollution basins in China. The water environment damage has caused serious impact on aquatic ecosystem, resulting in a sharp reduction of aquatic biological resources in the basin, seriously endangering the water ecological security and river health. The river system in Henan section of the Huaihe River Basin is the most polluted river in recent years. Therefore, an investigation on the water environment and aquatic biological resources in the Huaihe River Basin (Henan Section) has been carried out. It is of great significance to study the spatial heterogeneity of water environment and its influence on the distribution of aquatic plants in the Huaihe River Basin (Henan section). Based on the data of field aquatic plant community investigation, indoor water quality and sediment physical and chemical properties analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis were used in this paper. The spatial heterogeneity characteristics of water environment in Huaihe River Basin (Henan section) were studied by geostatistical analysis and Nemero index evaluation method, and the effects of water environment heterogeneity on the spatial distribution of aquatic plant communities were discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Principal component analysis shows that total phosphorus, soluble phosphate, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in sediment are the key factors affecting water environmental quality. The water environment of the tributaries south of the Huaihe River Basin (Henan section) is better than that of the northern tributaries, and the water environment of the main streams of the Huaihe River, Shaying River, Honghe River and Vortex River is better than that of its tributaries. The water environment in the middle and upper reaches of the river is better than that in the lower reaches.) the spatial heterogeneity of the key factors of the water environment is studied by using the principle of GIS geostatistics, and the water environment of the Huaihe River basin (Henan section) is comprehensively evaluated. The results show that the environmental pollution is the most serious in the middle and lower reaches of the Jialu River, the vortex river, the middle and lower reaches of the Honghe River and the Ruhe River, as well as the tributaries of the main stream of the Huaihe River, the middle and upper reaches of Shaying River, the Zhuyuan River and the Huanghe River south of the main stream of the Huaihe River. There are 51 species of aquatic plants in Huaihe River Basin (Henan section), of which 28 species are octopus plants, accounting for 54.9% of the total, and 12 species of submerged plants. There are 10 species of floating rhizophytes and 1 species of floating plants. There were 14 species in the main aquatic plant community, the highest frequency of which was the lotus seed community (25.7kum), followed by the goldfish community and the black algae community, the frequency of occurrence was 12.5% and 11.88%, respectively. The submerged plant goldfish and the octopus plants are resistant to pollution because of their strong adaptability to water environment such as lotus seed Reed and Polygonum hydropiper. The spatial distribution of different types of aquatic plant communities is obviously different. The submerged plant communities are mainly concentrated in the upper part of the river, the south part of the main stream of Huaihe River and the rivers with abundant water quantity, the Shaying River with good water environment, the big and small Honghe river, etc. The results of CCA analysis showed that the key environmental factors affecting the spatial distribution of vegetation communities were water soluble phosphate, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52;X173

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1851065