本文選題：城市污泥 + 黃土�。� 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：將城市污泥施用于黃土不僅能夠補(bǔ)充黃土中缺乏的有機(jī)質(zhì)和植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素,促進(jìn)黃土熟化,而且能夠解決城市污泥的處置問題。本文將城市污泥施入黃土中,稱之為改良土壤,先通過吸附解吸試驗(yàn)研究了改良土壤對(duì)Cu的固定能力及其影響因素,再通過小麥盆栽試驗(yàn)研究了Cd在改良土壤一小麥系統(tǒng)中的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化特征。論文主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)在試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的Cu初始添加濃度范圍內(nèi)(25-400mg·L-1),添加梯度城市污泥(0%、4.3%、8.1%、16.2%、20.9%、26.1%、28.9%、32.6%、42.5%、48.8%)的改良土壤對(duì)Cu的吸附量基本都達(dá)到了飽和,而且城市污泥含量越高的改良土壤,其最大吸附量越大；而且同一吸附量下,城市污泥含量越高的改良土壤的解吸量越小,說明城市污泥含量越高的改良土壤對(duì)Cu的固定吸附量越大。由此可得,施加城市污泥增強(qiáng)了供試土樣對(duì)重金屬Cu的固定能力,可以降低重金屬Cu的活性。(2)黃土中施加0.5%城市污泥,可以適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)黃土的強(qiáng)堿性；施加0.5%城市污泥后,改良土壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)含量增加31.8%,EC上升35.9%,全氮含量增加11.5%,說明施加城市污泥補(bǔ)充了黃土中缺少的植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分；而且改良土壤中相關(guān)重金屬的含量也增加了,但仍在《土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB 15618-1995)的相關(guān)限值以內(nèi)。(3)重金屬Cd同一處理水平下,施加0.5%城市污泥組小麥的出苗率、株高、生物量(根、莖葉、麥穗干重)以及產(chǎn)量均比未施加污泥組的高,其中麥穗干重差別最大,施污泥組小麥穗干重比未施污泥組平均增加了59%,說明施加0.5%污泥的黃土更適合小麥的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,其產(chǎn)量也增加了。(4)重金屬Cd同一處理水平下,施污泥組土壤中Cd的可交換態(tài)含量比未施污泥組的平均降低了0.2309mg·kg-1；但碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)、鐵錳氧化態(tài)以及有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)Cd的含量比未施污泥組的增加,其中碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)含量平均增加了0.3320 mg·kg-1,鐵錳氧化態(tài)含量平均增加了0.0631 mg·kg-1,有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)含量平均增加了0.0029 mg·kg-1; Cd的殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量比未施加污泥組略有減少,平均減少了0.1033mg·kg-1。綜合考慮Cd的5種賦存形態(tài)含量變化可得：施加0.5%城市污泥的改良土壤中Cd的活性比未施加污泥的增高。(5)對(duì)比重金屬Cd同一處理水平下施污泥組與未施污泥組小麥各部位Cd含量可知,施污泥組小麥莖葉、穎殼、籽粒中Cd的含量均高于未施污泥組,說明施加0.5%城市污泥促進(jìn)重金屬Cd在小麥地上部分的積累,由此可得,城市污泥農(nóng)用可能會(huì)帶來一定的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:The application of municipal sludge to loess can not only supplement the lack of organic matter and phytotrophic elements in loess, but also promote the maturation of loess and solve the problem of disposal of municipal sludge. In this paper, the application of municipal sludge into loess is called improved soil. Firstly, the fixation ability of improved soil to Cu and its influencing factors are studied by adsorption and desorption test. The characteristics of CD migration and transformation in improved soil-wheat system were studied by pot experiment. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) in the experimental design of the initial Cu addition concentration range of 25-400mg / L ~ (-1), adding gradient urban sludge (4.3mg / L), the improved soil with higher sludge content in the city has basically reached saturation for Cu, and the improved soil with higher sludge content in the city has reached the saturation of Cu adsorption in the improved soil, which is about 20.926.1 ~ 26.1and 28.92.62.5 ~ 48.8cm ~ (-1), and the higher the sludge content in the city is, the higher the sludge content in the city is. The larger the maximum adsorption capacity is, and the smaller the desorption capacity of the improved soil is, the higher the sludge content is, the higher the fixed adsorption amount of Cu in the improved soil is. It can be concluded that the application of municipal sludge enhances the fixation ability of soil samples to heavy metal Cu, and can reduce the activity of heavy metal Cu in loess by adding 0.5% municipal sludge, which can adjust the strong alkalinity of loess properly, and after 0.5% municipal sludge is applied, The content of organic matter in improved soil increased by 31.8% and the content of total nitrogen increased by 35.9%, indicating that the application of municipal sludge replenished the plant nutrients lacking in loess, and the contents of related heavy metals in the improved soil also increased. However, under the same treatment level of CD, which is still within the relevant limit value of "soil Environmental quality Standard" (GB15618-1995), the seedling emergence rate, plant height, biomass (root, stem and leaf) of wheat treated with 0.5% urban sludge were studied. The dry weight of wheat ear and yield were higher than that of no sludge group, and the difference of dry weight of wheat ear was the greatest, and the dry weight of wheat ear increased by 59% in sludge application group, which indicated that the loess with 0.5% sludge was more suitable for wheat growth and development. Under the same treatment level of heavy metal CD, the exchangeable state content of CD in the soil of the sludge application group was lower than that of the untreated sludge group, but the carbonate bound state was decreased. The contents of Fe and mn oxidized and organic bound CD were higher than those of untreated sludge. The content of carbonate-bound state increased by 0.3320 mg 路kg ~ (-1), the content of ferromanganese oxide increased by 0.0631 mg / kg ~ (-1), the content of organic bound state increased by 0.0029 mg / kg ~ (-1), and the residual state content of CD decreased slightly than that of untreated sludge group, and the average content of 0.1033mg _ (kg-1) was decreased. Considering the changes of CD contents in five forms of occurrence, it can be concluded that the activity of CD in the improved soil with 0.5% municipal sludge is higher than that in the untreated soil.) compared with heavy metal CD, the activity of CD in the improved soil is smaller than that in the sludge group and the unapplied sludge group under the same treatment level of heavy metal CD. CD content in different parts of wheat can be seen. The content of CD in stem, leaf, glume and grain of wheat treated with sludge was higher than that of untreated sludge, which indicated that the application of 0.5% municipal sludge could promote the accumulation of heavy metal CD in wheat. Urban sludge farming may bring some health risks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703;X53

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本文編號(hào)：1847826