發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-05 10:59

  本文選題：角質(zhì)膜 + 滲透性�。� 參考：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：植物葉表皮角質(zhì)膜是植物防止水分流失和污染物進(jìn)入葉內(nèi)最主要的障礙層。為了了解城市環(huán)境下綠化植物的葉角質(zhì)層水分滲透性能,本文以西安市常見綠化植物大葉女貞(Ligustrum lucidum Ait.)、大葉黃楊(Euonymus japonicus)和石楠(Photinia serrulata Lindl)為對(duì)象,并按照西安市環(huán)境監(jiān)測站在市內(nèi)布置的環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測站點(diǎn),選取了9個(gè)采樣點(diǎn),采用草酸/草酸銨方法剝離了葉片的無氣孔角質(zhì)層,利用微蒸騰室法研究了水分滲透性能。結(jié)合西安市空氣污染情況分析了這三種植物角質(zhì)膜滲透性隨時(shí)間空間的變化規(guī)律及其與氣候特征和空氣污染物之間的關(guān)系。本研究主要得到以下結(jié)果:(1)4種角質(zhì)膜脫離方法——果膠酶/纖維素酶法、氯化鋅/鹽酸法、草酸/草酸銨法、三氧化鉻法,綜合脫離效果和耗時(shí)來看草酸/草酸銨法是較好的植物角質(zhì)膜脫離方法。(2)大葉黃楊上表層角質(zhì)膜滲透系數(shù)范圍在6.00×10-9 m/s(廣運(yùn)譚)至2.03×10-8 m/s(興慶小區(qū)),下表層角質(zhì)膜滲透系數(shù)范圍在1.50×10-8 m/s(曲江文化集團(tuán))至6.73×10-8 m/s(經(jīng)開區(qū));石楠上表層角質(zhì)膜滲透系數(shù)范圍在7.48×10-9 m/s(高新西區(qū))至3.06×10-8 m/s(市人民體育場),下表層角質(zhì)膜滲透系數(shù)范圍在3.56×10-8 m/s(紡織城)至6.62×10-8 m/s(高壓開關(guān)廠)。大葉黃楊和石楠葉片下表皮角質(zhì)膜的滲透系數(shù)明顯大于上表皮角質(zhì)膜的滲透系數(shù),引起上下表層角質(zhì)膜滲透系數(shù)差異的主要原因應(yīng)該是石楠和大葉黃楊下表層有氣孔的存在。(3)大葉女貞、石楠、大葉黃楊的滲透系數(shù),大葉女貞無氣孔角質(zhì)膜的滲透系數(shù)全市平均值范圍在5.81×10-9 m/s(8月)至1.50×10-8 m/s(4月);石楠無氣孔角質(zhì)膜的滲透系數(shù)全市平均值范圍在8.27×10-9 m/s(9月)至2.08×10-8 m/s(5月);大葉黃楊無氣孔角質(zhì)膜的滲透系數(shù)全市平均值范圍在1.38×10-8 m/s(4月)至2.50×10-8 m/s(10月);大葉女貞、石楠、大葉黃楊72 h的滲透系數(shù),其中大葉女貞滲透系數(shù)最大出現(xiàn)在4月,最小出現(xiàn)在6月;石楠最大在5月,最小在8月;大葉黃楊最大在10月,最小在9月;(4)大葉黃楊質(zhì)膜滲透系數(shù)與最高溫呈顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)性系數(shù)為0.840,與最低溫呈顯著正相關(guān),相關(guān)性系數(shù)為0.768。大葉女貞、石楠和大葉黃楊三種植物中大葉黃楊對(duì)氣候溫度的響應(yīng)更明顯。而大葉女貞、石楠、大葉黃楊三種植物中石楠角質(zhì)膜滲透系數(shù)出現(xiàn)與空氣污染物濃度呈現(xiàn)顯著相關(guān)的頻率最大,其次是大葉黃楊,大葉女貞最少,表明石楠對(duì)大氣污染的響應(yīng)更明顯。
[Abstract]:The keratinocyte membrane of plant leaf epidermis is the main barrier layer to prevent water loss and contaminants from entering the leaves. In order to understand the water permeability of leaf cuticle of greening plants in urban environment, the common greening plants in Xi'an, Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Euonymus japonicusand Photinia serrulata Lindl, were studied in this paper. According to the environmental air quality monitoring station arranged by Xi'an environmental monitoring station, 9 sampling sites were selected, the stomatal cuticle of leaves was stripped by oxalic acid / ammonium oxalate method, and the water permeability was studied by micro-transpiration chamber method. Based on the air pollution in Xi'an, the relationship between the permeability of horniness membrane and time and space, climate characteristics and air pollutants was analyzed. The main results of this study are as follows: Pectinase / cellulase method, zinc chloride / hydrochloric acid method, oxalic acid / ammonium oxalate method, chromium trioxide method. In view of the separation effect and time consumption, oxalic acid / ammonium oxalate method is a better method for removing plant keratinocytes.) the permeability coefficient of keratinocyte membrane in the upper surface layer of Populus japonicus is from 6.00 脳 10 ~ (-9) m / s (Guangyuntan) to 2.03 脳 10 ~ (-8) m / s (Xingqing plot, lower layer). The permeability coefficient ranges from 1.50 脳 10 ~ (-8) m / s (Qujiang Cultural Group) to 6.73 脳 10 ~ (-8) m / s (via open area); and from 7.48 脳 10 ~ (-9) Ms / s (high-tech West) to 3.06 脳 10 ~ (-8) Ms / s (in the West area) to 3.56 脳 10 ~ (-8) mm / s in the lower layer (spinning). Weaving City to 6.62 脳 10-8 m / s (High Voltage Switchgear Plant). The osmotic coefficients of epidermal keratinocytes in the leaves of Populus grandiflorum and Photinia were significantly higher than those of the upper epidermal keratinocytes. The main reason for the difference of permeability coefficient between upper and lower layer of keratinocytes should be the existence of stomata in the surface layer of Photinia and Populus japonicus) the osmotic coefficients of Ligustrum lucidum, Photinia and Populus japonicus. The average permeability coefficient of horny membrane in Ligustrum lucidum was 5.81 脳 10 -9 m / s (August) to 1.50 脳 10 ~ (-8) m / s (April); the average permeability coefficient of hornless keratinocyte membrane of Photinia was 8.27 脳 10 ~ (-9) mm / s (September) to 2.08 脳 10 ~ (-8) mm / s (May), and the average permeability coefficient was between 8.27 脳 10 ~ (-9) mm / s (September) to 2.08 脳 10 ~ (-8) mm / s (May). The average permeability coefficient of plasma membrane ranged from 1.38 脳 10 ~ (-8) m / s (April) to 2.50 脳 10 ~ (-8) m / s (October). The osmotic coefficient of Phyllostachys lanceolata for 72 h was the largest in April, the smallest in June, the largest in May, the smallest in August, and the largest in October. The lowest was in September 4) the plasma membrane permeability coefficient of Populus davidiana was positively correlated with the highest temperature, the correlation coefficient was 0.840, and the correlation coefficient was 0.768 with the lowest temperature. In the three species of plants, Ligustrum lucidum, Photinia and Populus japonicus, the response to climate temperature is more obvious. In the three plants of Ligustrum lucidum, Photinia and Populus japonicus, the frequency of the permeability coefficient of horniness membrane of Photinia mongolicum was the highest, the frequency of which was significantly correlated with the concentration of air pollutants, the second was Populus macrophylla and the least was Ligustrum lucidum. The results show that the response of Photinia to air pollution is more obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X173

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本文編號(hào)：1847437