本文選題：濱海城市化 + 海洋環(huán)境效應(yīng)��； 參考：《世界地理研究》2016年05期

【摘要】：近年,我國(guó)濱海城市化不斷加快,經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)高速發(fā)展,人們生活水平不斷提高,但經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致了近海海洋環(huán)境污染日趨嚴(yán)重,海洋生態(tài)鏈不斷受到侵蝕。濱海城市化對(duì)近海海洋環(huán)境的直接污染主要來自于城市生活與工業(yè)生產(chǎn)污染物對(duì)海洋的就近排放,提高海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境治理策略的有效性必須以辨明其海洋環(huán)境效應(yīng)為基礎(chǔ)。基于1991年~2012年間全國(guó)沿海省級(jí)行政區(qū)(港澳臺(tái)地區(qū)除外)的統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒和公報(bào)數(shù)據(jù),分別對(duì)工業(yè)廢水、生活污水的排放及其與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果表明:1)我國(guó)除上海、海南外的大部分沿海省份,在人均GDP接近40000元左右時(shí),工業(yè)污水排放呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),表明我國(guó)沿海工業(yè)對(duì)海洋污染的EKC拐點(diǎn)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn),工業(yè)廢水排放增長(zhǎng)的勢(shì)頭得到遏制;2)不同于工業(yè)廢水排放逐步趨緩的態(tài)勢(shì),生活污水連續(xù)11年持續(xù)上升。2011年左右成為重要時(shí)點(diǎn),少數(shù)省市生活污水排放量有所放緩或略有下降,但多數(shù)省市尤其是海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)大省則出現(xiàn)加速上升趨勢(shì),這與全國(guó)大規(guī)模海洋發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略開啟的時(shí)點(diǎn)相暗合,加之生活污染監(jiān)測(cè)與治理不足,前景堪憂。研究結(jié)果顯示,在濱海城市化戰(zhàn)略下,以往偏重城市工業(yè)污染防控的海洋環(huán)境治理策略建議進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整,濱海城市生活排污量與新型污染物質(zhì)的激增等更應(yīng)當(dāng)引起高度重視。今后的治理策略要著力推動(dòng)工業(yè)化與城市化污染防控的并重,實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)與環(huán)境優(yōu)化的協(xié)同,引導(dǎo)利益分配與生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的互動(dòng),從而切實(shí)提升我國(guó)城市化質(zhì)量與環(huán)境治理能力,確保濱海城市經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和生態(tài)環(huán)境的和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the coastal urbanization in China has been accelerating, the economy continues to develop rapidly, and the living standard of the people is increasing. However, the rapid economic growth has caused the pollution of the offshore marine environment to be more serious and the marine ecological chain is constantly eroded. The direct pollution of the coastal urbanization to the offshore marine environment is mainly due to the pollution of urban life and industrial production. The near emission of the pollutants to the ocean and the effectiveness of improving the strategy of marine ecological environment control must be based on the identification of its marine environmental effects. Based on the statistical yearbook and bulletin data of the national coastal provincial administrative region (except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in ~2012 in 1991, the discharge of industrial waste water, domestic sewage and its economic growth The results show that: 1) in China, most of the coastal provinces except Shanghai and Hainan, when the per capita GDP is about 40000 yuan, the discharge of industrial sewage presents a downward trend, which indicates that the EKC inflection point of the coastal industry has appeared, the growth of industrial wastewater has been restrained; 2) is different from the industrial wastewater discharge. After 11 years of continuous rise of domestic sewage for the last 11 years, the domestic sewage has become an important point. The discharge of domestic sewage in a few provinces and cities has slowed or decreased slightly, but most provinces and cities, especially the large marine economy provinces, have accelerated the rising trend, which coincides with the time points of the national large-scale marine development strategy and the living pollution. The research results show that the strategy of coastal urban pollution prevention and control in the past should be adjusted accordingly, the amount of sewage discharge in coastal cities and the surge of new pollutants should be paid more attention. The integration of industrialization and urban pollution prevention and control, the coordination of industrial upgrading and environmental optimization, guidance of the interaction of interest distribution and ecological risk, thus effectively improving the quality of urbanization and environmental governance in China, and ensuring the harmonious development of the economic construction and the ecological environment of the coastal cities.

【作者單位】： 聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織/華東師范大學(xué)"海洋與城市"教席基地;上海城市創(chuàng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)研究中心;天津商業(yè)大學(xué);
【基金】：國(guó)家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金重大項(xiàng)目“新型城鎮(zhèn)化下我國(guó)行政區(qū)劃優(yōu)化設(shè)置及其評(píng)估研究”(15ZDA032) 國(guó)家社科基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目“統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)文化發(fā)展的空間布局優(yōu)化研究”(12AZD017)
【分類號(hào)】：X55;X703
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本文編號(hào)：1846509