本文選題：城市景觀 + 功能區(qū)��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在全球氣候變化的背景下,城市不斷向外擴(kuò)張、景觀屬性改變、斑塊破碎化加重、城市內(nèi)部景觀配置不合理,導(dǎo)致城市熱環(huán)境逐漸惡化。為適應(yīng)這種變化,本文基于移動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè),研究景觀類型在城市熱環(huán)境形成和維持中的作用。北京作為我國(guó)首都,既是政治、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)中心,也代表了國(guó)內(nèi)一些大都市的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。因此,研究北京市典型景觀熱環(huán)境特征,為改善城市居住環(huán)境和土地利用提供技術(shù)支持,也給其他類似城市的規(guī)劃和建設(shè)給予指導(dǎo)和警示。本研究首先對(duì)北京市總體熱環(huán)境特征進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研和數(shù)據(jù)收集,通過(guò)市觀象臺(tái)和自動(dòng)氣象站的監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)定量分析北京市近郊區(qū)-遠(yuǎn)郊區(qū)、城區(qū).近郊區(qū)熱島強(qiáng)度基本特征及其時(shí)空變化。在此基礎(chǔ)上,選擇代表性的城市功能區(qū),并在不同功能區(qū)選擇代表性的景觀類型,持續(xù)進(jìn)行了12個(gè)月的野外移動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)。最后,利用野外監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析了城市典型景觀類型日間溫濕度變化規(guī)律以及河流廊道的熱環(huán)境效應(yīng)。主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)和結(jié)論：(1)北京市氣象站21年連續(xù)氣溫監(jiān)測(cè)資料分析近郊-遠(yuǎn)郊?xì)鉁夭町?發(fā)現(xiàn)近郊與遠(yuǎn)郊保持相同增溫率逐年升溫,近郊-遠(yuǎn)郊區(qū)的氣溫差異波動(dòng)緩慢、幅度小,且近郊與遠(yuǎn)郊的氣溫差異主要體現(xiàn)在最低平均溫度上。自動(dòng)氣象站2014年1月～5月的觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)顯示,城區(qū)至近郊區(qū),氣溫總趨勢(shì)是逐漸降低。四環(huán)內(nèi),8：00～17：00時(shí)段氣溫近似相等,1：00～7：00和18：00～24：00兩個(gè)時(shí)段內(nèi)氣溫差異明顯；五環(huán)附近的近郊區(qū)氣溫穩(wěn)定性好。(2)移動(dòng)布點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)獲得了北京市典型景觀日間地表-近地表環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)。景觀的結(jié)構(gòu)、配置是城市“熱”的主要內(nèi)部影響因素。城市功能區(qū)內(nèi)不同景觀類型的日間溫度、濕度變化強(qiáng)度不同,道路比林地、草地明顯。地表與空氣溫度間的復(fù)雜關(guān)系體現(xiàn)出景觀異質(zhì)性。相對(duì)濕度指標(biāo)不能靈敏地反映環(huán)境變化。對(duì)比城市公園和建筑用地景觀熱環(huán)境動(dòng)態(tài)特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)城市公園溫度低、空氣濕潤(rùn)。最低溫度是公園高于建筑用地,最小相對(duì)濕度是公園建筑用地,建筑用地景觀溫濕度變化劇烈。公園中林地景觀地表與空氣溫度近似相等,而建筑用地中則是地表低于空氣溫度。(3)城市水體對(duì)周邊環(huán)境的降溫效應(yīng)受時(shí)間和距離限制,20～30m寬的昆玉河對(duì)其垂直方向50m范圍內(nèi)的城市環(huán)境有降溫效應(yīng)。對(duì)比不同類型城市功能區(qū)中道路景觀的溫濕度指數(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)溫濕度指數(shù)與城市功能區(qū)的類型有關(guān)；與其他城市道路相比,河流廊道的存在可以改善道路熱環(huán)境,降低溫濕度指數(shù),增加人體舒適度。
[Abstract]:Under the background of global climate change, the urban thermal environment is gradually deteriorating due to the continuous outward expansion of cities, the change of landscape attributes, the fragmentation of patches and the unreasonable allocation of urban landscape. In order to adapt to this change, this paper studies the role of landscape types in urban thermal environment formation and maintenance based on mobile monitoring. As the capital of China, Beijing is not only the political, cultural and economic center, but also represents the development trend of some big cities in China. Therefore, the study on the characteristics of typical landscape thermal environment in Beijing provides technical support for improving the urban living environment and land use, and also provides guidance and warning for the planning and construction of other similar cities. In this study, the characteristics of the overall thermal environment in Beijing were investigated and collected, and the monitoring data of the observation station and the automatic weather station were used to quantitatively analyze the suburb of Beijing, the far suburb and the urban area. The basic characteristics and temporal and spatial changes of the intensity of the peri-suburban heat island. On this basis, the representative urban functional areas were selected, and the representative landscape types were selected in different functional areas, and the field movement monitoring was carried out for 12 months. Finally, the variation of daytime temperature and humidity in typical urban landscape types and the thermal environmental effects of river corridors are analyzed by using field monitoring data. Main innovation points and conclusions: 1) the 21 year continuous temperature monitoring data of Beijing Meteorological Station are used to analyze the temperature difference between the suburbs and the outer suburbs. It is found that the temperature increase rate between the suburbs and the outer suburbs is increasing year by year, and the temperature difference between the suburbs and the outer suburbs fluctuates slowly and the amplitude is small. The temperature difference between the suburbs and the outer suburbs is mainly reflected in the lowest average temperature. From January to May 2014, the observation data of automatic weather station show that the general trend of air temperature is gradually decreasing from the urban area to the suburbs. In the fourth Ring Road, the temperature of 8: 00 to 17: 00 is approximately equal in the period of 1: 00 to 7: 00 and 18: 00 to 24: 00. The temperature difference between the two periods is obvious, and the temperature stability of the near suburb near the Fifth Ring Ring is good. 2) the data of the daytime surface to near surface environment of typical landscape in Beijing have been obtained by moving spot monitoring. The structure and configuration of landscape is the main internal influence factor of urban "heat". The variation intensity of daytime temperature and humidity of different landscape types in urban functional areas is different, and the road is more obvious than woodland and grassland. The complex relationship between surface temperature and air temperature reflects landscape heterogeneity. The index of relative humidity can not reflect the change of environment sensitively. By comparing the dynamic characteristics of thermal environment between urban park and architectural land, it is found that the temperature of urban park is low and the air is humid. The lowest temperature is higher than the construction land and the minimum relative humidity is the park construction land. The surface of the woodland landscape in the park is approximately equal to the air temperature, In the construction land, the surface temperature is lower than the air temperature. 3) the cooling effect of the urban water body on the surrounding environment is limited by time and distance. The Kunyu River, which is 200-30m wide, has a cooling effect on the urban environment in the vertical direction of 50m. Comparing the temperature and humidity index of road landscape in different types of urban functional areas, it is found that the temperature and humidity index is related to the type of urban functional areas, and compared with other urban roads, the existence of river corridors can improve the road thermal environment and reduce the temperature and humidity index. Increase body comfort.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P901;X16

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 林學(xué)椿,于淑秋;北京地區(qū)氣溫的年代際變化和熱島效應(yīng)[J];地球物理學(xué)報(bào);2005年01期

2 趙紅旭;昆明市熱島效應(yīng)衛(wèi)星監(jiān)測(cè)研究[J];國(guó)土資源遙感;1999年04期

3 胡華浪,陳云浩,宮阿都;城市熱島的遙感研究進(jìn)展[J];國(guó)土資源遙感;2005年03期

4 晏海;王雪;董麗;;華北樹(shù)木群落夏季微氣候特征及其對(duì)人體舒適度的影響[J];北京林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2012年05期

5 宋曉程;劉京;葉祖達(dá);郭亮;;城市水體對(duì)局地?zé)釢駳夂蛴绊懙腃FD初步模擬研究[J];建筑科學(xué);2011年08期

6 王喜全;王自發(fā);郭虎;;北京“城市熱島”效應(yīng)現(xiàn)狀及特征[J];氣候與環(huán)境研究;2006年05期

7 肖榮波,歐陽(yáng)志云,張兆明,王效科,李偉峰,鄭華;城市熱島效應(yīng)監(jiān)測(cè)方法研究進(jìn)展[J];氣象;2005年11期

8 蘇泳嫻;黃光慶;陳修治;陳水森;;廣州市城區(qū)公園對(duì)周邊環(huán)境的降溫效應(yīng)[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2010年18期

9 陳愛(ài)蓮;孫然好;陳利頂;;基于景觀格局的城市熱島研究進(jìn)展[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2012年14期

10 陳朱;陳方敏;朱飛鴿;曹璐;沈興華;李俊祥;;面積與植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)城市公園氣溫的影響[J];生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2011年11期

，

本文編號(hào)：1840988