本文選題：揮發(fā)性有機物 + 污染場地��； 參考：《蘭州大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：眾所周知的“4.11”蘭州自來水局部苯超標事件與化工污染場地密切相關(guān),為全方位保護蘭州市飲用水安全,避免再次發(fā)生局部滲漏時污染物進入自流溝內(nèi),甘肅省政府啟動實施了自來水管線周邊污染場地修復(fù)治理工程。工程對受污染的土壤和地下水進行修復(fù)治理,工作重心全部集中在降低污染物濃度上,使修復(fù)后場地環(huán)境中污染物的濃度滿足國家標準要求,這是基于環(huán)境安全方面的考量,能極大地降低環(huán)境風險。然而,這里有一個未加重視的問題,那就是在工程施工期間,污染土壤開挖時揮發(fā)以苯為主的有機物,這種可揮發(fā)性有機物會對環(huán)境空氣、施工人員和場地周邊居民身體健康產(chǎn)生較大影響。為了定量評估揮發(fā)性有機物對人體的健康風險水平以及周邊環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量,本文從人體健康和大氣污染的角度,以苯污染物為研究對象,主要開展了以下幾方面的研究：(1)通過查閱相關(guān)文獻資料,估算土壤開挖時無組織排放源強；運用大氣估算模式(Screen 3 System),預(yù)測土壤中苯揮發(fā)物的最大落地濃度和最大地面濃度占標率,定量分析其對環(huán)境空氣的影響。(2)收集與場地修復(fù)治理工程相關(guān)的資料,通過危害識別等手段,分析土壤中苯揮發(fā)物的毒性效應(yīng)以及到達人體的暴露途徑,應(yīng)用國內(nèi)外較為完善和成熟的污染場地健康風險評價體系,分析土壤開挖過程中苯揮發(fā)物對場地周邊居民身體健康的致癌風險和非致癌危害商,并進行暴露風險貢獻率分析,進而判斷何種暴露途徑對人體健康產(chǎn)生的風險影響程度最大。研究結(jié)果顯示：(1)分層開挖時,重度污染區(qū)苯的揮發(fā)量較大,土壤第一層重、中污染區(qū)域苯的排放源強為121.00g/h,其他區(qū)域的排放源強為3.86g/h；第二層重、中污染區(qū)域苯的排放源強為6063.00g/h,其他區(qū)域的排放源強為3.92g/h；第三層重、中污染區(qū)域苯的排放源強為222.90g/h,208.80g/h,其他區(qū)域的排放源強為32.07g/h。(2)土壤開挖過程中無組織排放的苯的最大落地濃度為4.86mg/m3,最大濃度占標率分別為202.5%。場地分段開挖過程中苯污染物對桃源村的影響濃度范圍為0.03mg/m3-2.85mg/m3,賈家堡預(yù)測濃度范圍為0.04mg/m3-2.85mg/m3。(3)土壤開挖過程中苯揮發(fā)物對場地周邊居民人體健康的總致癌風險水平為2.20x 10-4,遠遠大于可接受的致癌風險水平(10-6)；非致癌危害指數(shù)為26.1,遠大于可接受的非致癌風險水平(1.0)。(4)吸入土壤顆粒物、吸入室外來自表層土壤揮發(fā)物2種暴露途徑下的總致癌風險均超標,其中吸入土壤顆粒物暴露途徑下的致癌風險水平最大(1.97×10.4)。經(jīng)口攝入土壤、吸入土壤顆粒物、吸入室外來自表層土壤揮發(fā)物3種暴露途徑下的危害指數(shù)均超標,其中吸入土壤顆粒物暴露途徑下的危害商最大,高達13.7。(5)土壤表層、中層、下層苯揮發(fā)物所造成的致癌風險貢獻率和危害商貢獻率分別為27.91%、48.64%、23.45%和37.74%、54.19%、8.07%。(6)從致癌效應(yīng)的角度看,貢獻率最高的暴露途徑是吸入土壤顆粒物,貢獻率高達89.55%；其次是吸入室外表層揮發(fā)物,貢獻率為9.86%;其余所有暴露途徑下的致癌風險貢獻率不足0.59%。從非致癌效應(yīng)的角度看,貢獻率最高的暴露途徑是吸入土壤顆粒物,貢獻率高達52.49%；其次是吸入室外表層揮發(fā)物,貢獻率為21.03%；其余所有暴露途徑下的危害商貢獻率為26.48%。
[Abstract]:It is known that the "4.11" Lanzhou tap water local benzene superstandard event is closely related to the chemical pollution site. In order to protect the safety of drinking water in Lanzhou and avoid the contamination into the self flow ditch, the Gansu provincial government started to implement the remediation and treatment project of the pollution site of the tap water pipeline. The project is polluted. The soil and groundwater are repaired and treated. The focus of the work is focused on reducing the concentration of pollutants, and the concentration of pollutants in the environment after restoration meets the national standard. This is based on environmental safety considerations and can greatly reduce environmental risk. However, there is a problem that is not paid attention to, that is, engineering application. During the process of excavation, the contaminated soil volatilized with benzene - based organic matter. This volatile organic substance would have a great impact on the health of the environment air, the builders and the residents around the site. In order to quantitatively assess the health risk level of the volatile organic compounds and the ambient air quality in the surrounding environment, this article from the human health and atmosphere From the point of view of pollution, taking benzene pollutants as the research object, the following research is carried out in the following aspects: (1) to estimate the intensity of unorganized emission in soil excavation by consulting relevant literature and data, and to predict the maximum ground concentration and the maximum ground concentration of the benzene volatiles in the soil by using the atmospheric estimation model (Screen 3). Analysis of its influence on environmental air. (2) collect data related to site remediation projects, analyze the toxic effects of benzene volatiles in soil and the way to reach human exposure through hazard identification and other means, and apply a more perfect and mature health risk assessment system at home and abroad to analyze the volatilization of benzene in the process of soil excavation. The research results show that: (1) the volatilization of benzene in severely polluted areas is larger, the first and middle pollution areas of the soil are heavy, the first and middle pollution areas are in the soil. The source of the emission of benzene is strong 121.00g/h, the emission source of other regions is strong 3.86g/h, second layer heavy, the emission source of benzene in the middle polluted area is 6063.00g/h, the emission source of other regions is strong 3.92g/h; the emission source of the benzene in the middle polluted area is 222.90g/h, 208.80g/h, and the source of the other region is strongly 32.07g/h. (2) soil excavation. The maximum ground concentration of benzene in the process of unorganized emission is 4.86mg/m3, and the maximum concentration ratio is 202.5%. site subsection excavation process, the influence concentration range of benzene pollutant to Taoyuan village is 0.03mg/m3-2.85mg/m3. The predicted concentration range of Jia Jiabao is 0.04mg/m3-2.85mg/m3. (3) soil excavation process of the benzene volatiles to the surrounding area. The total cancer risk level of human health was 2.20x 10-4, far greater than the acceptable level of carcinogenic risk (10-6); the non carcinogenic risk index was 26.1, far greater than the acceptable non carcinogenic risk level (1). (4) inhalation of soil particulate matter, and the total carcinogenic risk under the 2 exposure pathways of the external self surface soil of the inhalation chamber exceeded the standard. The risk of carcinogenic risk was the largest (1.97 * 10.4) under the exposure of soil particulate matter exposure. Through oral intake of soil, inhaled soil particulate matter, and the hazard index under 3 exposure routes from surface soil volatiles inhaled outdoors was above the standard, among which the highest risk merchants were exposed to soil particulate matter exposure, up to 13.7. (5) soil surface, middle layer, The rate of contribution to the risk of carcinogenesis and the contribution rate of harmful commercial contribution were 27.91%, 48.64%, 23.45% and 37.74%, 54.19%, and 8.07%. (6), from the point of view of the carcinogenic effect, the highest contribution rate was inhaled soil particulate matter, the contribution rate was up to 89.55%; the second was the volatiles of the outer layer of the inhalation room, the contribution rate was 9.86%; the rest were the rest. The contribution rate of cancer risk under exposure is less than 0.59%.. From the point of view of non carcinogenic effect, the highest contribution rate of exposure is inhaled soil particulate matter, the contribution rate is up to 52.49%, followed by the outward volatiles of the inhalation room, the contribution rate is 21.03%, and the contribution rate of the other exposure routes is 26.48%..

【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X503.1;X820.4

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 吳睿鶇;;蘭州水污染暴露出的地下管線亂象[J];標準生活;2014年04期

2 肖隨麗;陸軼青;林臻;;關(guān)于加強我國污染場地環(huán)境管理政策建議探討[J];環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展;2013年06期

3 房吉敦;杜曉明;李政;徐竹;史怡;李慧穎;馬妍;楊賓;李發(fā)生;;某復(fù)合型化工污染場地分地層健康風險評估[J];環(huán)境工程技術(shù)學報;2013年05期

4 柳偉;葉路生;羅海霞;陳文清;;健康風險評估在污染場地土地再利用中的案例探討[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學;2013年03期

5 戴中華;蔣鵬;張華;陳莉娜;胡林潮;;某廢棄化工廠場地與生產(chǎn)設(shè)施環(huán)境風險識別[J];環(huán)境科學與管理;2012年11期

6 單艷紅;王國慶;張孝飛;林玉鎖;;中國污染場地分類管理程序與方法研究[J];中國人口.資源與環(huán)境;2011年12期

7 張星;朱景洋;穆遠慶;;揮發(fā)性有機物污染控制技術(shù)研究進展[J];化學工程與裝備;2011年10期

8 張建榮;沈楨;許偉;;場地污染土壤調(diào)查及評估探討[J];環(huán)境監(jiān)測管理與技術(shù);2011年02期

9 余立風;;美歐污染場地環(huán)境監(jiān)管機制研究[J];環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展;2011年01期

10 李青青;;基于健康風險的土壤修復(fù)目標研究程序與方法——以多環(huán)芳烴污染土壤再利用工程為例[J];生態(tài)與農(nóng)村環(huán)境學報;2010年06期

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前1條

1 常靜;城市地表灰塵—降雨徑流系統(tǒng)污染物遷移過程與環(huán)境效應(yīng)[D];華東師范大學;2007年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前10條

1 朱磊;青島地鐵北站規(guī)劃區(qū)原工業(yè)場地置換土壤重金屬環(huán)境風險評估[D];中國海洋大學;2013年

2 周海燕;武漢青江化工場地污染物監(jiān)測與健康風險評估[D];華中科技大學;2012年

3 黃堯;基于健康風險評價方法的青島市某鉻渣污染場地土壤修復(fù)目標值研究[D];青島理工大學;2011年

4 劉麗;土壤污染場地調(diào)查與評估信息系統(tǒng)研究[D];山東科技大學;2011年

5 葛曉陽;城市有機污染土壤評估體系研究[D];南京師范大學;2011年

6 宋菁;典型鉻渣污染場地調(diào)查與修復(fù)技術(shù)篩選[D];青島理工大學;2010年

7 肖祖菊;含氰化工廢渣的毒性研究及健康風險評價[D];重慶大學;2010年

8 陳海濱;基于人體健康風險評估的污染場地管理與修復(fù)研究[D];蘭州大學;2009年

9 金鑫;典型化工類污染場地的調(diào)查診斷與生物毒性試驗的應(yīng)用研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學;2008年

10 李麗和;石油烴污染場地風險評價及案例研究[D];北京化工大學;2007年

，

本文編號：1839491