本文選題：模擬酸雨 + 園林植物�。� 參考：《華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：酸雨是目前全球關(guān)注的十大生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題之一,不僅給森林植物和農(nóng)田作物造成了影響,也給園林植物造成影響。觀賞性是園林植物的最重要特性,而酸雨影響園林植物葉性狀而產(chǎn)生的可見傷害對(duì)園林植物觀賞性構(gòu)成了重要的影響,關(guān)注酸雨對(duì)觀賞性的影響非常重要。廣州是酸雨嚴(yán)重地區(qū),對(duì)園林植物產(chǎn)生較大影響。龍船花(Ixora chinensis)與|杜鵑(Bougainvillea glabra)是廣州城市綠化中最常用的觀賞灌木品種,但酸雨對(duì)兩種園林植物的影響卻未見報(bào)道。論文以兩種園林植物作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,采用模擬酸雨的方法開展實(shí)驗(yàn),研究模擬酸雨對(duì)兩種園林植物葉性狀的可見傷害,以此反映酸雨在實(shí)際環(huán)境中對(duì)植物的影響。再根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果結(jié)合文獻(xiàn),以酸雨造成的可見傷害與其它成因造成的做橫向比較,建立一套判別酸雨造成可見傷害的視覺識(shí)別標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。以期為園林養(yǎng)護(hù)人員提供一種快速、簡(jiǎn)便、高效的酸雨傷害的視覺識(shí)別方法,同時(shí)希望能提高園林養(yǎng)護(hù)人員對(duì)酸雨影響的關(guān)注意識(shí)。實(shí)驗(yàn)用酸度為2.0、3.0、4.0、5.6四種,用硫酸與硝酸按1:1的混合型模擬酸雨處理11次,研究模擬酸雨對(duì)兩種園林植物葉性狀造成的可見傷害影響。根據(jù)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的結(jié)果,總結(jié)出判別酸雨造成植物可見傷害的視覺識(shí)別標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。得出以下結(jié)論:(1)龍船花與|杜鵑的可見傷害閾值均為pH 2.0-pH 3.0之間。龍船花和|杜鵑是可以抗pH 3.0以上酸雨的植物品種。在低于pH 3.0的模擬酸雨影響下,兩種園林植物的可見傷害程度與處理頻次成正比。pH 2.0模擬酸雨處理下的葉片平均受害率約75%�？梢妭υ蕉�,對(duì)觀賞性影響越大。在pH 3.0以下的模擬酸雨造成傷害面積越大,葉片葉綠素含量越低。(2)模擬酸雨對(duì)兩種園林植物葉性狀產(chǎn)生可見傷害的特征為:不同品種傷斑顏色不同,但形狀與位置特征相近。不同葉傾角葉片受害程度不同,葉傾角越大,葉片可見傷害越輕。不同葉齡葉片受害不同,葉受害次序?yàn)?嫩葉先,老葉后;葉受害程度為:嫩葉重,老葉輕。不同葉位分布葉片受害不同,葉受害次序?yàn)?上部葉先,中部葉次之,下部葉最后;葉片受害程度為:上部葉最重,中部葉次之,下部葉最輕。(3)判別酸雨造成植物可見傷害的視覺識(shí)別標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為4個(gè)方面9個(gè)指標(biāo),以此判別標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行可見傷害的成因識(shí)別可行有效。本研究可補(bǔ)充酸雨對(duì)兩種園林植物葉性狀的影響的資料。模擬酸雨造成兩種園林植物葉性狀的可見傷害特征可幫助園林養(yǎng)護(hù)人員現(xiàn)場(chǎng)辨識(shí)酸雨造成的可見傷害。本研究的視覺識(shí)別標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可向養(yǎng)護(hù)人員推廣使用。
[Abstract]:Acid rain is one of the ten ecological environmental problems concerned by the world at present. It not only affects forest plants and farmland crops, but also affects garden plants. Ornamental is the most important characteristic of garden plants, and the visible damage caused by acid rain affecting the leaf characters of garden plants has an important impact on the ornamental properties of garden plants, so it is very important to pay attention to the influence of acid rain on the ornamental properties of garden plants. Guangzhou is a serious area of acid rain, which has great influence on garden plants. Ixora chinensis and Bougainvillea glabraa are the most commonly used ornamental shrubs in urban greening in Guangzhou, but the effects of acid rain on the two garden plants have not been reported. In this paper, two kinds of garden plants were used as experimental objects, and the method of simulated acid rain was used to study the visible damage of acid rain to the leaf characters of two garden plants, so as to reflect the effect of acid rain on plants in the actual environment. Based on the experimental results and literature, a set of visual recognition criteria for the visible injury caused by acid rain was established by comparing the visible injury caused by acid rain with that caused by other causes. The aim is to provide a quick, simple and efficient visual recognition method for garden maintainers, and hope to improve the attention of garden maintainers to the influence of acid rain. In the experiment, four kinds of acid rain were treated with sulfuric acid and nitric acid for 11 times with the acidity of 2.0 ~ 3.0 ~ 4.0 ~ 5.6.The effects of simulated acid rain on the leaf characters of two garden plants were studied by using the mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid for 11 times. Based on the results of simulation experiments, the visual recognition criteria for plant visible damage caused by acid rain were summarized. The following conclusion is drawn: (1) the visible injury threshold of the two species is between pH 2.0-pH 3. 0. Dragon flower and rhododendron are plant varieties that can resist acid rain above pH 3.0. Under the influence of simulated acid rain below pH 3.0, the visible damage degree of the two garden plants was directly proportional to the treatment frequency. The average damage rate of leaves under simulated acid rain treatment at pH 2.0 was about 7575. It can be seen that the more damage, the greater the impact on the ornamental. The larger the area of injury caused by simulated acid rain under pH 3.0, the lower the chlorophyll content of leaves. 2) the visible damage to leaf characters of two garden plants caused by simulated acid rain was as follows: different varieties had different color, but similar shape and location. The greater the dip angle, the lighter the visible damage. The order of leaf injury is: young leaf is first, old leaf is later, and the degree of leaf injury is: young leaf is heavy, old leaf is light. The order of leaf damage was: the upper leaf was the first, the middle leaf was the second, the lower leaf was the last, and the degree of leaf damage was the highest in the upper leaf, the second in the middle leaf, and the second in the middle leaf. The visual recognition criteria for the visible damage caused by acid rain can be divided into 4 aspects and 9 indexes. It is feasible and effective to identify the cause of visible injury by using this criterion. This study can supplement the effect of acid rain on leaf characters of two garden plants. Simulating the visible damage characteristics of the leaf characters of two garden plants caused by acid rain can help the landscape maintainers to identify the visible damage caused by acid rain. The visual identification criteria of this study can be extended to maintainers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S688;X517

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張璐;賈麗麗;隋佳欣;張悅;陳雅君;;臭氧污染對(duì)園藝作物影響的研究述評(píng)[J];北方園藝;2015年16期

2 王志春;;廣州地區(qū)酸雨長(zhǎng)期變化趨勢(shì)分析[J];氣象科技;2014年05期

3 有祥亮;沈烈英;曹海東;秦勇惠;郗金標(biāo);;施用保水劑對(duì)4種綠化植物葉片結(jié)構(gòu)和功能性狀的影響[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào);2014年28期

4 楊慧燕;王志春;成明;張美玉;;廣州酸雨觀測(cè)站2008年-2012年酸雨資料分析[J];氣象研究與應(yīng)用;2014年02期

5 高志永;汪有科;魏新光;劉守陽(yáng);何自立;周玉紅;;植物葉片形成露水的室內(nèi)模擬[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2014年03期

6 王翠偉;;果樹病蟲害防治研究[J];吉林農(nóng)業(yè);2013年09期

7 盧曉萍;楊丙賢;徐嬋娟;田景奎;張琳;;3種小檗科植物葉片SPAD值與葉綠素的相關(guān)性及通徑分析[J];浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(農(nóng)業(yè)與生命科學(xué)版);2013年03期

8 宋莉英;柯展鴻;孫蘭蘭;彭長(zhǎng)連;;模擬酸雨對(duì)3種菊科入侵植物光合特性的影響[J];植物學(xué)報(bào);2013年02期

9 萬(wàn)五星;夏亞軍;張紅星;王嬌;王效科;;北京遠(yuǎn)郊區(qū)臭氧污染及其對(duì)敏感植物葉片的傷害[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2013年04期

10 李穎欣;翁殊斐;張波;;龍船花屬(Ixora)植物研究現(xiàn)狀及其園林應(yīng)用[J];熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2013年01期

，

本文編號(hào)：1796090